23. Wills/Testaments
Sunan ad-Darimi 3219Sahih
«مَا حَقُّ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ يَبِيتُ لَيْلَتَيْنِ وَلَهُ شَيْءٌ يُوصِي فِيهِ إِلَّا وَوَصِيَّتُهُ مَكْتُوبَةٌ عِنْدَهُ»
✧ "It is not fitting for a Muslim man to spend two nights while he has something to bequeath without his will being written down with him."
Sunan ad-Darimi 3220Sahih
«الْمُؤْمِنُ لَا يَأْكُلُ فِي كُلِّ بطنه وَلَا تَزَالُ وَصِيَّتُهُ تَحْتَ جَنْبِهِ»
✧ "The believer does not eat to the full of both his bellies, and his will remains under his side."
Sunan ad-Darimi 3221Accepted
قَالَ قَالَ لِي ثُمَامَةُ بْنُ حَزْنٍ «مَا فَعَلَ أَبُوكَ؟» قُلْتُ مَاتَ قَالَ فَهَلْ أَوْصَى؟ فَإِنَّهُ كَانَ يُقَالُ إِذَا أَوْصَى الرَّجُلُ كَانتَ وَصِيَّتُهُ تَمَامًا لِمَا ضَيَّعَ مِنْ زَكَاتِهِ
✧ He said: Thumama b. Hazn said to me: "What happened to your father?" I said: "He died." He said: "Did he make a will? For it used to be said: When a man makes a will, his will compensates for what he neglected of his zakat."
Sunan ad-Darimi 3222Sahih
مَنْ أَوْصَى بِوَصِيَّةٍ فَلَمْ يَجُرْ وَلَمْ يَحِفْ كَانَ لَهُ مِنَ الْأَجْرِ مِثْلُ مَا إنْ لَوْ تَصَدَّقَ بِهِ فِي حَيَاتِهِ
✧ Whoever makes a will and does not act unjustly or unfairly, he has the like of the reward he would have had if he had given it in charity during his lifetime.
Sunan ad-Darimi 3223No grade recorded
قِيلَ لِهَرِمِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ أَوْصِنا قَالَ «أُوصِيكُمْ بِالْآيَاتِ الْأَوَاخِرِ مِنْ سُورَةِ النَّحْلِ» وَقَرَأَ ابْنُ حَيَّانَ {ادْعُ إِلَى سَبِيلِ رَبِّكَ بِالْحِكْمَةِ وَالْمَوْعِظَةِ الْحَسَنَةِ وَجَادِلْهُمْ بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ هُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِمَنْ ضَلَّ عَن سَبِيلِهِ وَهُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِالْمُهْتَدِينَ وَإِنْ عَاقَبْتُمْ فَعَاقِبُوا بِمِثْلِ مَا عُوقِبْتُمْ بِهِ وَلَئِنْ صَبَرْتُمْ لَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لِّلصَّابِرينَ وَاصْبِرْ وَمَا صَبْرُكَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ وَلَا تَحْزَنْ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا تَكُ فِي ضَيْقٍ مِّمَّا يَمْكُرُونَ إِنَّ اللهَ مَعَ الَّذِينَ اتَّقَوْا وَالَّذِينَ هُم مُّحْسِنُونَ}
✧ It was said to Harim b. Hayyan: "Instruct us." He said: "I instruct you with the last verses of Surat al-Nahl." Ibn Hayyan then recited: {Invite to the way of your Lord with wisdom and good instruction, and argue with them in a way that is best. Indeed, your Lord is most knowing of who has strayed from His way, and He is most knowing of the rightly guided. And if you punish, punish with an equivalent of that with which you were harmed. But if you are patient, it is better for those who are patient. And be patient, and your patience is not but through Allah. And do not grieve over them and do not be in distress over what they conspire. Indeed, Allah is with those who fear Him and those who are doers of good.}
Sunan ad-Darimi 3224Sahih
سَأَلْتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ أَبِي أَوْفَى أَوْصَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ؟ قَالَ لَا قُلْتُ فَكَيْفَ كُتِبَ عَلَى النَّاسِ الْوَصِيَّةُ أو أُمِرُوا بِالْوَصِيَّةِ؟ فَقَالَ «أَوْصَى بِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ ﷻ» وقَالَ هُزَيْلُ بْنُ شُرَحْبِيلَ «أَبُو بَكْرٍ كَانَ يَتَأَمَّرُ عَلَى وَصِيِّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ؟ وَدَّ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَنَّهُ وَجَدَ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَهْدًا فَخَزَمَ أَنْفَهُ بِخِزَامَةٍ ذَلِكَ»
✧ I asked Abdullah b. Abi Awfa: "Did the Messenger of Allah ﷺ make a will?" He said: "No." I said: "Then how was the will prescribed for people, or were they commanded to make a will?" He said: "He bequeathed the Book of Allah, Mighty and Sublime." And Huzayl b. Shurahbil said: "Abu Bakr was acting as executor over the successor of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ? Abu Bakr wished that he had found a covenant from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and had pierced his nose with a nose ring for it."
Sunan ad-Darimi 3225Sahih
عَنْ قَتَادَةَ {كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذَا حَضَرَ أَحَدَكُمُ الْمَوْتُ إِن تَرَكَ خَيْرًا الْوَصِيَّةُ لِلْوَالِدَيْنِ وَالْأَقْرَبِينَ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ حَقًّا عَلَى الْمُتَّقِينَ} [البقرة 180] قَالَ الْخَيْرُ الْمَالُ كَانَ يُقَالُ أَلْفًا فَمَا فَوْقَ ذَلِكَ
✧ "About Qatadah, it is written that when death approaches you, it is obligatory upon the God-conscious individuals to leave a will for their parents and close relatives, according to the custom of good deeds. This is a right upon the righteous individuals." [Surah Al-Baqarah, verse 180]. The phrase "Al-khayr (the good) referred to wealth of one thousand or more (dirhams) and beyond."
Sunan ad-Darimi 3226Sahih
أَنْ {اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَأَصْلِحُوا ذَاتَ بَيْنِكُمْ وَأَطِيعُوا اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ} وَأَوْصَاهُمْ بِمَا أَوْصَى بِهِ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بَنِيهِ وَيَعْقُوبُ {يَا بَنِيَّ إِنَّ اللَّهَ اصْطَفَى لَكُمُ الدِّينَ فَلَا تَمُوتُنَّ إِلَّا وَأَنْتُمْ مُسْلِمُونَ} [البقرة 132] وَأَوْصَاهُمْ أَنْ لَا يَرْغَبُوا أَنْ يَكُونُوا مَوَالِيَ الْأَنْصَارِ وَإِخْوَانَهُمْ فِي الدِّينِ وَأَنَّ الْعِفَّةَ وَالصِّدْقَ خَيْرٌ وَأَتْقَى مِنَ الزِّنَا وَالْكَذِبِ إِنْ حَدَثَ بِهِ حَدَثٌ فِي مَرَضِي هَذَا قَبْلَ أَنْ أُغَيِّرَ وَصِيَّتِي هَذِهِ ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ حَاجَتَهُ
✧ That {fear Allah and set things right between you, and obey Allah and His Messenger, if you are believers} and he instructed them with what Ibrahim instructed his sons and Ya'qub: {O my sons, indeed Allah has chosen for you this religion, so do not die except while you are Muslims} [al-Baqarah 132]. And he instructed them not to disdain being mawali of the Ansar and their brothers in religion, and that chastity and truthfulness are better and more pious than fornication and lying. If any event befalls me in this illness of mine before I change this will of mine, then he mentioned his need.
Sunan ad-Darimi 3227Hasan
هَكَذَا كَانُوا يُوصُونَ هَذَا مَا أَوْصَى بِهِ فُلَانُ بْنُ فُلَانٍ أَنَّهُ يَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ وَأَنَّ السَّاعَةَ آتِيَةٌ لَا رَيْبَ فِيهَا وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ يَبْعَثُ مَنْ فِي الْقُبُورِ وَأَوْصَى مَنْ تَرَكَ بَعْدَهُ مِنْ أَهْلِهِ أَنْ يَتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَيُصْلِحُوا ذَاتَ بَيْنِهِمْ وَأَنْ يُطِيعُوا اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ إِنْ كَانُوا مُؤْمِنِينَ وَأَوْصَاهُمْ بِمَا أَوْصَى بِهِ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بَنِيهِ وَيَعْقُوبُ {يَا بَنِيَّ إِنَّ اللَّهَ اصْطَفَى لَكُمُ الدِّينَ فَلَا تَمُوتُنَّ إِلَّا وَأَنْتُمْ مُسْلِمُونَ} [البقرة 132] وَأَوْصَى إِنْ حَدَثَ بِهِ حَدَثٌ مِنْ وَجَعِهِ هَذَا أَنَّ حَاجَتَهُ كَذَا وَكَذَا
✧ This is how they used to make their wills: This is what so-and-so, son of so-and-so, bequeathed: that he bears witness that there is no god but Allah, alone, without partner, and that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger, and that the Hour is coming, there is no doubt about it, and that Allah will resurrect those in the graves. And he enjoined those of his family he leaves behind to fear Allah, to reconcile their differences, and to obey Allah and His Messenger, if they are believers. And he enjoined them with what Ibrahim enjoined his sons, and Ya'qub: {O my sons, Allah has chosen the religion for you, so do not die except as Muslims} [al-Baqarah 132]. And he bequeathed, if an event befalls him in this illness of his, that his need is such and such.
Sunan ad-Darimi 3228No grade recorded
تَشَهُّدُ هَذَا مَا شَهِدَ بِهِ نَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ وَيُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَيَكْفُرُ بِالطَّاغُوتِ عَلَى ذَلِكَ يَحْيَا إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ وَيَمُوتُ وَيُبْعَثُ وَأَوْصَى فِيمَا رَزَقَهُ اللَّهُ فِيمَا تَرَكَ إِنْ حَدَثَ بِهِ حَدَثٌ وَهُوَ كَذَا وَكَذَا إِنْ لَمْ يُغَيِّرْ شَيْئًا مِمَّا فِي هَذِهِ الْوَصِيَّةِ
✧ The testimony: This is what he testified to: We bear witness that there is no god but Allah, alone, without partner, and that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger. And he believes in Allah and disbelieves in the taghut. Upon that he lives, if Allah wills, and dies, and is resurrected. And he bequeathed, regarding what Allah has provided him, regarding what he left, if an event befalls him, while it is such and such, unless he changes any of what is in this will.
Sunan ad-Darimi 3229Hasan
«هَذِهِ وَصِيَّةُ أَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ»
✧ This is the will of Abu al-Darda'.
Sunan ad-Darimi 3230Sahih
كَتَبَ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ خُثَيْمٍ وَصِيَّتَهُ بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ هَذَا مَا أَوْصَى بِهِ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ خُثَيْمٍ وَأَشْهَدَ اللَّهَ عَلَيْهِ وَكَفَى بِاللَّهِ شَهِيدًا وَجَازِيًا لِعِبَادِهِ الصَّالِحِينَ وَمُثِيبًا فَإِنِّي رَضِيتُ بِاللَّهِ رَبًّا وَبِالْإِسْلَامِ دِينًا وَبِمُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ نَبِيًّا وَإِنِّي آمُرُ نَفْسِي وَمَنْ أَطَاعَنِي أَنْ نَعْبُدَ اللَّهَ فِي الْعَابِدِينَ وَنَحْمَدَهُ فِي الْحَامِدِينَ وَأَنْ نَنْصَحَ لِجَمَاعَةِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ
✧ Al-Rabi' b. Khuthaym wrote his will: In the name of Allah, the Merciful, the Compassionate. This is what al-Rabi' b. Khuthaym bequeathed, and he called Allah as witness over it — and Allah suffices as witness and rewarder of His righteous servants and bestower of reward. Indeed I am pleased with Allah as Lord, with Islam as religion, and with Muhammad ﷺ as Prophet. And I command myself and whoever obeys me that we worship Allah among the worshippers, praise Him among the praisers, and be sincere to the community of Muslims.
Sunan ad-Darimi 3231Sahih
أَنَّ عَلِيًّا دَخَلَ عَلَى مَرِيضٍ فَذَكَرُوا لَهُ الْوَصِيَّةَ فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ قَالَ اللَّهُ {إِنْ تَرَكَ خَيْرًا} [البقرة 180] وَلَا أُرَاهُ تَرَكَ خَيْرًا قَالَ حَمَّادٌ «فَحَفِظْتُ أَنَّهُ تَرَكَ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ سَبْعِ مِائَةٍ»
✧ That 'Ali entered upon a sick man, and they mentioned the will to him. 'Ali said: Allah said {If he leaves wealth} [al-Baqarah 180], and I do not think he leaves wealth. Hammad said: “I remembered that he left more than seven hundred.”
Sunan ad-Darimi 3232Sahih
دَخَلَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ عَلَى رَجُلٍ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ يَعُودُهُ فَقَالَ أُوصِي؟ قَالَ «لَا لَمْ تَدَعْ مَالًا فَدَعْ مَالَكَ لِوَلَدِكَ»
✧ 'Ali b. Abi Talib entered upon a man of his people to visit him. The man said: Should I make a will? He said: “No, you have not left wealth, so leave your wealth to your children.”
Sunan ad-Darimi 3233Sahih
فِي رَجُلٍ أَوْصَى وَالْوَرَثَةُ شُهُودٌ مُقِرُّونَ فَقَالَ «لَا يَجُوزُ»
✧ Concerning a man who made a will while the heirs were present, acknowledging that they were witnesses, he said: “It is not permissible.”
Sunan ad-Darimi 3234Sahih
سَأَلْتُ الْحَكَمَ وَحَمَّادًا عَنْ الْأَوْلِيَاءِ يُجِيزُونَ الْوَصِيَّةَ فَإِذَا مَاتَ لَمْ يُجِيزُوا؟ قَالَا «لَا يَجُوزُ»
✧ I asked al-Hakam and Hammad about heirs who approve the will, then when he dies they do not approve. They said: “It is not permissible.”
Sunan ad-Darimi 3235Sahih
فِي الرَّجُلِ يُوصِي بِأَكْثَرَ مِنْ ثُلُثِهِ قَالَ إِنْ أَجَازَتْهُ الْوَرَثَةُ أَجَزْنَاهُ وَإِنْ قَالَتِ الْوَرَثَةُ أَجَزْنَاهُ فَهُمْ بِالْخِيَارِ إِذَا نَفَضُوا أَيْدِيَهُمْ مِنَ الْقَبْرِ
✧ Concerning a man who bequeaths more than a third, he said: If the heirs permit it, we permit it. And if the heirs say we permit it, they have the choice when they lower their hands from the grave.
أَنْ يُوصِيَ بِأَكْثَرَ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ فَأَذِنُوا لَهُ ثُمَّ رَجَعُوا فِيهِ بَعْدَ مَا مَاتَ فَسُئِلَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ «هَذَا التَّكَرُّهُ لَا يَجُوزُ»
✧ That he bequeaths more than a third, and they permitted it for him, then they retracted it after he died. 'Abdullah was asked about that, and he said: “This is unwillingness; it is not permissible.”
Sunan ad-Darimi 3237Sahih
فِي الرَّجُلِ يُوصِي بِأَكْثَرَ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ فَرَضِيَ الْوَرَثَةُ؟ قَالَ «هُوَ جَائِزٌ» قَالَ أَبُو مُحَمَّد أَجَزْنَاهُ يَعْنِي فِي الْحَيَاةِ
✧ Concerning a man who bequeaths more than a third and the heirs consented, he said: “It is permissible.” Abu Muhammad said: We permit it, meaning during life.
Sunan ad-Darimi 3238Sahih
أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ وَهُوَ بِمَكَّةَ وَلَيْسَ لَهُ إِلَّا ابْنَةٌ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ لِي إِلَّا ابْنَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ فَأُوصِي بِمَالِي كُلِّهِ؟ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ «لَا» قُلْتُ فَأُوصِي بِالنِّصْفِ؟ فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ «لَا» قَالَ فَأُوصِي بِالثُّلُثِ؟ قَالَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «الثُّلُثُ وَالثُّلُثُ كَثِيرٌ»
✧ That the Prophet ﷺ entered upon him while he was in Makkah and he had only a daughter. I said to him: I have only one daughter, so should I bequeath all my wealth? The Prophet ﷺ said: “No.” I said: Then should I bequeath half? The Prophet ﷺ said to him: “No.” He said: Should I bequeath a third? He said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “A third, and a third is a lot.”
اشْتَكَيْتُ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي حَجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ حَتَّى إِذَا أُدْنِفْتُ فَدَخَلَ عَلَيَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَعُودُنِي فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا أُرَانِي إِلَّا أُلِمَّ بِي وَأَنَا ذُو مَالٍ كَثِيرٍ وَإِنَّمَا يَرِثُنِي ابْنَةٌ لِي أَفَأَتَصَدَّقُ بِمَالِي كُلِّهِ؟ قَالَ «لَا» قُلْتُ فَنِصْفِهِ قَالَ «لَا» قُلْتُ فَالثُّلُثِ؟ قَالَ «الثُّلُثُ وَالثُّلُثُ كَثِيرٌ إِنَّكَ إِنْ تَتْرُكْ وَرَثَتَكَ أَغْنِيَاءَ خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَنْ تَتْرُكَهُمْ فُقَرَاءَ يَتَكَفَّفُونَ النَّاسَ بِأَيْدِيهِمْ وَإِنَّكَ لَا تُنْفِقُ نَفَقَةً إِلَّا آجَرَكَ اللَّهُ فِيهَا حَتَّى مَا تَجْعَلُ فِي فِي امْرَأَتِكَ»
✧ I fell ill along with the Prophet ﷺ during the Farewell Pilgrimage, until I became seriously ill. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ entered upon me to visit me, so I said, “O Messenger of Allah, I think that I am dying, and I have a lot of wealth, and none will inherit from me except a daughter of mine. Should I give all my wealth in charity?” He said, “No.” I said, “Then half of it?” He said, “No.” I said, “Then a third?” He said, “A third, and a third is a lot. If you leave your heirs wealthy, it is better than leaving them poor, begging people with their hands. And you do not spend any expenditure except that Allah rewards you for it, even the morsel you put into your wife’s mouth.”
Sunan ad-Darimi 3240Sahih
أَنَّ أَبَاهُ زِيَادَ بْنَ مَطَرٍ أَوْصَى فَقَالَ «وَصِيَّتِي مَا اتَّفَقَ عَلَيْهِ فُقَهَاءُ أَهْلِ الْبَصْرَةِ» فَسَأَلْتُ فَاتَّفَقُوا عَلَى الْخُمُسِ
✧ That his father Ziyad b. Matar made a will, saying, “My will is what the jurists of Basra agree upon.” So I asked, and they agreed upon one fifth.
Sunan ad-Darimi 3241No grade recorded
أَنَّ رَجُلًا سَأَلَ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ فَقَالَ إِنَّ وَارِثِي كَلَالَةٌ أفَأُوصِي بِالنِّصْفِ؟ قَالَ «لَا» قَالَ فَالثُّلُثِ؟ قَالَ «لَا» قَالَ فَالرُّبُعِ؟ قَالَ «لَا» قَالَ فَالْخُمُسِ؟ قَالَ «لَا» حَتَّى صَارَ إِلَى الْعُشْرِ فَقَالَ «أَوْصِ بِالْعُشْرِ»
✧ That a man asked Umar b. al-Khattab, saying, “My heirs are only distant relatives (kalalah), so should I bequeath half?” He said, “No.” He said, “Then a third?” He said, “No.” He said, “Then a quarter?” He said, “No.” He said, “Then a fifth?” He said, “No.” Until he reached a tenth, then he said, “Bequeath a tenth.”
Sunan ad-Darimi 3242Sahih
«إِنَّمَا كَانُوا يُوصُونَ بِالْخُمُسِ وَالرُّبُعِ وَكَانَ الثُّلُثُ مُنْتَهَى الْجَامِحِ»
✧ "They used to impose taxes at a rate of one-fifth and one-fourth, and the one-third was the highest tax. Abu Muhammad said that by 'al-jamih' [the highest tax], it means a spirited horse."
Sunan ad-Darimi 3243Sahih
أَوْصَيْتُ إِلَى حُمَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ فَقَالَ «مَا كُنْتُ لِأَقْبَلَ وَصِيَّةَ رَجُلٍ لَهُ وَلَدٌ يُوصِي بِالثُّلُثِ»
✧ I made a will to Humayd b. Abd al-Rahman, and he said, “I would not accept the will of a man who has children and bequeaths a third.”
Sunan ad-Darimi 3244Hasan
«الثُّلُثُ جَهْدٌ وَهُوَ جَائِزٌ»
✧ “A third is a hardship, but it is permissible.”
Sunan ad-Darimi 3245Sahih
«كَانَ السُّدُسُ أَحَبَّ إِلَيْهِمْ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ»
✧ “A sixth was more beloved to them than a third.”
Sunan ad-Darimi 3246Hasan
«الْوَصِيُّ أَمِينٌ فِيمَا أُوصِيَ إِلَيْهِ بِهِ»
✧ “The guardian is a trustee regarding what is entrusted to him.”
Sunan ad-Darimi 3247Sahih
«أَمْرُ الْوَصِيِّ جَائِزٌ فِي كُلِّ شَيْءٍ إِلَّا فِي الِابْتِيَاعِ وَإِذَا بَاعَ بَيْعًا لَمْ يُقِلْ» وَهُوَ رَأْيُ يَحْيَى بْنِ حَمْزَةَ
✧ “The guardian’s action is valid in everything except in buying; and when he has made a sale, he cannot revoke it.” This is the opinion of Yahya b. Hamza.
«الْوَصِيُّ أَمِينٌ فِي كُلِّ شَيْءٍ إِلَّا فِي الْعِتْقِ فَإِنَّ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يُقِيمَ الْوَلَاءَ»
✧ “The guardian is a trustee in everything except in manumission, for he must establish the patronage (wala’).”
Sunan ad-Darimi 3249Sahih
«فِي مَالِ الْيَتِيمِ يَعْمَلُ بِهِ الْوَصِيُّ إِذَا أَوْصَى إِلَى الرَّجُلِ»
✧ “Regarding the wealth of the orphan, the guardian may use it if he is appointed as guardian for the man.”
Sunan ad-Darimi 3250No grade recorded
«وَصِيُّ الْيَتِيمِ يَأْخُذُ لَهُ بِالشُّفْعَةِ وَالْغَائِبُ عَلَى شُفْعَتِهِ»
✧ "The guardian of the orphan shall take his right through intercession, and the absent one shall also be interceded for."
Sunan ad-Darimi 3251No grade recorded
كُنْتُ عِنْدَ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ وَعِنْدَهُ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ وأَبُو قِلَابَةَ إِذْ دَخَلَ غُلَامٌ فَقَالَ أَرْضُنَا بِمَكَانِ كَذَا وَكَذَا بَاعَكُمُ الْوَصِيُّ وَنَحْنُ أَطْفَالٌ فَالْتَفَتَ إِلَى سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ حَبِيبٍ فَقَالَ مَا تَقُولُ؟ قَالَ فَأَضْجَعَ فِي الْقَوْلِ فَالْتَفَتَ إِلَى أَبِي قِلَابَةَ فَقَالَ مَا تَقُولُ؟ فَقَالَ «رُدَّ عَلَى الْغُلَامِ أَرْضَهُ» قَالَ إِذًا يَهْلِكُ مَالُنَا قَالَ «أَنْتَ أَهْلَكْتَهُ»
✧ "So he laid down his words and turned to his father Qilabah and said, 'What are you saying?' He said, 'Answer the boy's request to give him his land.' He said, 'Then our wealth will be destroyed?' He said, 'You are the one who destroyed it.'"
Sunan ad-Darimi 3252Sahih
فِي رَجُلٍ أَوْصَى لِرَجُلٍ بِنِصْفِ مَالِهِ وَلِآخَرَ بِثُلُثِ مَالِهِ قَالَ يَضْرِبَانِ بِذَلِكَ فِي الثُّلُثِ هَذَا بِالنِّصْفِ وَهَذَا بِالثُّلُثِ
✧ Regarding a man who bequeathed to one man half of his wealth and to another a third of his wealth, he said: “They are both entitled to that within the third, this one with the half and this one with the third.”
Sunan ad-Darimi 3253Sahih
«يُغَيِّرُ صَاحِبُ الْوَصِيَّةِ مِنْهَا مَا شَاءَ غَيْرَ الْعَتَاقَةِ»
✧ “The testator may change whatever he wishes of the will, except manumission.”
Sunan ad-Darimi 3254No grade recorded
«يُحْدِثُ الرَّجُلُ فِي وَصِيَّتِهِ مَا شَاءَ وَمِلَاكُ الْوَصِيَّةِ آخِرُهَا»
✧ "A man may make whatever changes he wishes in his will, and the controlling part of the will is its last [provision]."
أَنَّ أَبَاهُ أَعْتَقَ رَقِيقًا لَهُ فِي مَرَضِهِ ثُمَّ بَدَا لَهُ أَنْ يَرُدَّهُمْ وَيُعْتِقَ غَيْرَهُمْ قَالَ فَخَاصَمُونِي إِلَى عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ «فَأَجَازَ عِتْقَ الْآخِرِينَ وَأَبْطَلَ عِتْقَ الْأَوَّلِينَ»
✧ His father manumitted some slaves of his during his illness, then he decided to revoke their manumission and manumit others instead. He said: "They took me before 'Abd al-Malik b. Marwan, and he upheld the manumission of the latter ones and invalidated the manumission of the former ones."
«يُحْدِثُ الرَّجُلُ فِي وَصِيَّتِهِ مَا شَاءَ وَمِلَاكُ الْوَصِيَّةِ آخِرُهَا»
✧ "A man may make whatever changes he wishes in his will, and the controlling part of the will is its last [provision]."
Sunan ad-Darimi 3257Sahih
فِي الرَّجُلِ يُوصِي بِوَصِيَّةٍ ثُمَّ يُوصِي بِأُخْرَى قَالَ «هُمَا جَائِزَتَانِ فِي مَالِهِ»
✧ About a man who makes one bequest and then makes another, he said: "Both are valid from his wealth."
«مِلَاكُ الْوَصِيَّةِ آخِرُهَا»
✧ "The controlling part of the will is its last [provision]."
«إِذَا اتَّهَمَ الْقَاضِي الْوَصِيَّ لَمْ يَعْزِلْهُ وَلَكِنْ يُوَكِّلُ مَعَهُ غَيْرَهُ» وَهُوَ رَأْيُ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ
✧ "If the judge suspects the executor, he should not remove him, but instead appoint someone else alongside him." This is the view of al-Awza'i.
Sunan ad-Darimi 3260Hasan
«يَجُوزُ بَيْعُ الْمَرِيضِ وَشِرَاؤُهُ وَنِكَاحُهُ وَلَا يَكُونُ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ»
✧ "The sick person's sale, purchase, and marriage are valid, and it is not taken from the third."
Sunan ad-Darimi 3261Sahih
«مَا حَابَى بِهِ الْمَرِيضُ فِي مَرَضِهِ مِنْ بَيْعٍ أَوْ شِرَاءٍ فَهُوَ فِي ثُلُثِهِ قِيمَةُ عَدْلٍ»
✧ "Whatever the sick person gives as a preferential price in his illness, whether in a sale or purchase, is counted toward his third at fair value."
Sunan ad-Darimi 3262Sahih
أَعْطَتْ امْرَأَةٌ مِنْ أَهْلِنَا وَهِيَ حَامِلٌ فَسُئِلَ الْقَاسِمُ فَقَالَ «هُوَ مِنْ جَمِيعِ الْمَالِ» قَالَ يَحْيَى وَنَحْنُ نَقُولُ إِذَا ضَرَبَهَا الْمَخَاضُ فَمَا أَعْطَتْهُ فَمِنَ الثُّلُثِ
✧ A woman from our family gave a gift while she was pregnant. Al-Qasim was asked about it, and he said: "It is from the entire wealth." Yahya said: "Our view is that if labor pains had begun, then what she gave is from the third."
فِي رَجُلٍ قَالَ لِغُلَامِهِ إِنْ دَخَلْتُ دَارَ فُلَانٍ فَغُلَامِي حُرٌّ ثُمَّ دَخَلَهَا وَهُوَ مَرِيضٌ قَالَ «يُعْتَقُ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ وَإِنْ دَخَلَ فِي صِحَّتِهِ عُتِقَ مِنْ جَمِيعِ الْمَالِ»
✧ About a man who said to his slave, 'If I enter so-and-so's house, then my slave is free,' and then he entered it while he was ill, he said: "He is manumitted from the third, and if he entered it while he was healthy, he is manumitted from the entire wealth."
Sunan ad-Darimi 3264Sahih
«إِذَا كَانَ الْوَرَثَةُ مَحَاوِيجَ فَلَا أَرَى بَأْسًا أَنْ يُرَدَّ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ» قَالَ يَحْيَى «فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لِلْأَوْزَاعِيِّ فَأَعْجَبَهُ»
✧ "If the heirs are needy, I see no harm in returning something to them from the third." Yahya said: "I mentioned that to al-Awza'i, and he liked it."
Sunan ad-Darimi 3265Sahih
«إِذَا شَهِدَ شَاهِدَانِ مِنَ الْوَرَثَةِ جَازَ عَلَى جَمِيعِهِمْ وَإِذَا شَهِدَ وَاحِدٌ فَفِي نَصِيبِهِ بِحِصَّتِهِ»
✧ "If two of the heirs testify, it is valid against all of them, and if one testifies, then it is valid only for his own share."
Sunan ad-Darimi 3266Sahih
«إِذَا شَهِدَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْوَرَثَةِ فَفِي نَصِيبِهِ بِحِصَّتِهِ» ثُمَّ قَالَ «بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فِي جَمِيعِ حِصَّتِهِ»
✧ “If one of the heirs bears witness, then in his share according to his portion.” Then he said, “Thereafter in the whole of his portion.”
Sunan ad-Darimi 3267Sahih
«إِذَا أَوْصَى الرَّجُلُ بِالثُّلُثِ وَالرُّبُعِ فَفِي الْعَيْنِ وَالدَّيْنِ وَإِذَا أَوْصَى بِخَمْسِينَ أَوْ سِتِّينَ إِلَى الْمِائَةِ فَفِي الْعَيْنِ حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ الثُّلُثَ»
✧ “If a man bequeaths the third and the fourth, it is in the concrete property and the debt; and if he bequeaths fifty or sixty up to a hundred, it is in the concrete property until it reaches the third.”
Sunan ad-Darimi 3268No grade recorded
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «الْمَرْءُ أَحَقُّ بِثُلُثِ مَالِهِ يَضَعُهُ فِي أَيِّ مَالِهِ شَاءَ»
✧ The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, “A man is most entitled to a third of his wealth, to place it in whichever of his wealth he wishes.”
Sunan ad-Darimi 3269Accepted
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الدَّرْدَاءِ عَنْ رَجُلٍ جَعَلَ دَرَاهِمَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَقَالَ أَبُو الدَّرْدَاءِ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «مَثَلُ الَّذِي يَتَصَدَّقُ عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ أَوْ يُعْتِقُ كَالَّذِي يُهْدِي بَعْدَمَا شَبِعَ»
✧ I asked Abu al-Darda about a man who set aside dirhams in the path of Allah. Abu al-Darda said, “The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, ‘The example of one who gives charity at his death or emancipates is like one who gives a gift after he is full.’”
Sunan ad-Darimi 3270Sahih
فِي الرَّجُلِ يُوصِي بِأَشْيَاءَ ومنهَا الْعِتْقُ فَيُجَاوِزُ الثُّلُثَ؟ قَالَ «يُبْدَأُ بِالْعِتْقِ»
✧ Concerning the matter of a man, Hassan advises certain things, including setting slaves free, and goes beyond one-third? He said, "It begins with freeing slaves."
Sunan ad-Darimi 3271Sahih
«بِالْحِصَصِ»
✧ “By shares.”
Sunan ad-Darimi 3272Sahih
«مَنْ أَوْصَى أَوْ أَعْتَقَ فَكَانَ فِي وَصِيَّتِهِ عَوْلٌ دَخَلَ الْعَوْلُ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْعَتَاقَةِ وَأَهْلِ الْوَصِيَّةِ» قَالَ عَطَاءٌ «إِنَّ أَهْلَ الْمَدِينَةِ غَلَبُونَا يَبْدَءُونَ بِالْعَتَاقَةِ قَبْلُ»
✧ “Whoever bequeaths or emancipates, and in his bequest there is excess, the excess falls upon the people of emancipation and the people of the bequest.” Ata said, “The people of Madinah overruled us: they begin with emancipation before.”
Sunan ad-Darimi 3273Sahih
فِي الَّذِي يُوصِي بِعِتْقٍ وَغَيْرِهِ فَيَزِيدُ عَلَى الثُّلُثِ قَالَ «بِالْحِصَصِ»
✧ Regarding one who bequeaths emancipation and other things, and it exceeds the third, he said, “By shares.”
Sunan ad-Darimi 3274Sahih
فِي رَجُلٍ أَوْصَى بِأَكْثَرَ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ وَفِيهِ عِتْقٌ؟ قَالَ «يُبْدَأُ بِالْعِتْقِ»
✧ Regarding a man who bequeaths more than the third and in it there is emancipation, he said, “Begin with emancipation.”
Sunan ad-Darimi 3275Sahih
«يُبْدَأُ بِالْعَتَاقَةِ قَبْلَ الْوَصِيَّةِ»
✧ “Begin with emancipation before the bequest.”
Sunan ad-Darimi 3276Sahih
فِي رَجُلِ يُوصِي لِبَنِي فُلَانٍ قَالَ «غَنِيُّهُمْ وَفَقِيرُهُمْ وَذَكَرُهُمْ وَأُنْثَاهُمْ سَوَاءٌ»
✧ Regarding a man who bequeaths to the sons of Fulan, he said, “Their rich and their poor, their male and their female are equal.”
«إِذَا أَوْصَى لِبَنِي فُلَانٍ فَالذَّكَرُ وَالْأُنْثَى فِيهِ سَوَاءٌ»
✧ “If he bequeaths to the sons of Fulan, the male and the female in it are equal.”
Sunan ad-Darimi 3278Accepted
أَنَّ آتِيًا أَتَى شُرَيْحًا فَسَأَلَهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَوْصَى بِسَهْمٍ مِنْ مَالِهِ قَالَ «تُحْسَبُ الْفَرِيضَةُ فَمَا بَلَغَ سِهَامَهَا أُعْطِيَ الْمُوصَى لَهُ سَهْمًا كَأَحَدِهَا»
✧ A man came to Shurayh and asked him about a man who bequeathed a share of his wealth. He said, “The obligatory share is calculated, and whatever its allotted portions amount to, the legatee is given a share like one of them.”
Sunan ad-Darimi 3279Sahih
«إِذَا تَصَدَّقَ الرَّجُلُ عَلَى بَعْضِ وَرَثَتِهِ وَهُوَ صَحِيحٌ بِأَكْثَرَ مِنَ النِّصْفِ رُدَّ إِلَى الثُّلُثِ وَإِذَا أَعْطَى النِّصْفَ جَازَ لَهُ ذَلِكَ» قَالَ سَعِيدٌ «وَكَانَ قُضَاةُ أَهْلِ دِمَشْقَ يَقْضُونَ بِذَلِكَ»
✧ “When a man gives charity to some of his inheritors while he is healthy, with more than half, it is returned to one-third. If he gives half, that is permitted for him.” Sa‘īd said, “The judges of the people of Damascus used to rule by that.”
Sunan ad-Darimi 3280Sahih
«الْكَفَنُ مِنْ جَمِيعِ الْمَالِ»
✧ “The shroud is taken from all of the wealth.”
Sunan ad-Darimi 3281Sahih
فِي رَجُلٍ مَاتَ وَتَرَكَ قِيمَةَ أَلْفَيْ دِرْهَمٍ وَعَلَيْهِ مِثْلُهَا أَوْ أَكْثَرُ قَالَ «يُكَفَّنُ مِنْهَا وَلَا يُعْطَى دَيْنُهُ»
✧ Regarding a man who died and left property worth two thousand dirhams, while he owed the same amount or more, he said, “He is shrouded from it, and his debt is not paid.”
«يُبْدَأُ بِالْكَفَنِ ثُمَّ الدَّيْنِ ثُمَّ الْوَصِيَّةِ»
✧ “One begins with the shroud, then the debt, then the bequest.”
Sunan ad-Darimi 3283Sahih
فِي الْمَرْأَةِ تَمُوتُ قَالَ «تُكَفَّنُ مِنْ مَالِهَا لَيْسَ عَلَى الزَّوْجِ شَيْءٌ»
✧ Regarding a woman who dies, he said, “She is shrouded from her own wealth; the husband is not responsible for anything.”
«الْحَنُوطُ وَالْكَفَنُ مِنْ رَأْسِ الْمَالِ»
✧ “The perfume and the shroud come from the capital.”
«الْكَفَنُ مِنْ وَسَطِ الْمَالِ فيُكَفَّنُ عَلَى قَدْرِ مَا كَانَ يَلْبَسُ فِي حَيَاتِهِ ثُمَّ يُخْرَجُ الدَّيْنُ ثُمَّ الثُّلُثُ»
✧ “The shroud is taken from the middle of the wealth. He is shrouded according to what he used to wear during his life. Then the debt is paid, then the one-third.”
Sunan ad-Darimi 3286Sahih
إِذَا أَوْصَى الرَّجُلُ إِلَى الرَّجُلِ وَهُوَ غَائِبٌ فَلْيَقْبَلْ وَصِيَّتَهُ وَإِنْ كَانَ حَاضِرًا فَهُوَ بِالْخِيَارِ إِنْ شَاءَ قَبِلَ وَإِنْ شَاءَ تَرَكَ
✧ If a man entrusts a bequest to another man while he is absent, he should accept his bequest. If he is present, he has the choice: if he wishes, he accepts, and if he wishes, he leaves it.
Sunan ad-Darimi 3287Sahih
سَأَلْتُ الْحَسَنَ وَمُحَمَّدًا عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُوصِي إِلَى الرَّجُلِ قَالَا «نَخْتَارُ أَنْ يَقْبَلَ»
✧ I asked al-Ḥasan and Muḥammad about a man who entrusts a bequest to another man. They said, “We prefer that he accept.”
«إِذَا أَوْصَى الرَّجُلُ إِلَى الرَّجُلِ وَهُوَ غَائِبٌ فَإِذَا قَدِمَ فَإِنْ شَاءَ قَبِلَ فَإِذَا قَبِلَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ أَنْ يَرُدَّهُ»
✧ “If a man entrusts a bequest to another man while he is absent, then when he arrives, if he wishes, he accepts. Once he accepts, he may not reject it.”
Sunan ad-Darimi 3289No grade recorded
«إِذَا أَوْصَى الرَّجُلُ إِلَى الرَّجُلِ فَعُرِضَتْ عَلَيْهِ الْوَصِيَّةُ وَكَانَ غَائِبًا فَقَبِلَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ أَنْ يَرْجِعَ»
✧ “If a man entrusts a bequest to another man, and the bequest is presented to him while he was absent, and he accepts, he may not retract.”
Sunan ad-Darimi 3290Sahih
«إِذَا أَوْصَى الرَّجُلُ لِإِنْسَانٍ وَهُوَ غَائِبٌ وَكَانَ مَيِّتًا وَهُوَ لَا يَدْرِي فَهِيَ رَاجِعَةٌ»
✧ "If a man gives instructions to someone while he is absent and he is dead and unaware, it is binding."
Sunan ad-Darimi 3291Sahih
«إِذَا أَوْصَى لِعَبْدِهِ ثُلُثَ مَالِهِ رُبُعَ مَالِهِ خُمُسَ مَالِهِ فَهُوَ مِنْ مَالِهِ دَخَلَتْهُ عَتَاقَةٌ»
✧ “If he bequeaths to his slave one-third of his wealth, or one-fourth of his wealth, or one-fifth of his wealth, it is from his wealth and includes emancipation.”
Sunan ad-Darimi 3292Sahih
إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَيُحْرَمُ بَرَكَةَ مَالِهِ فِي حَيَاتِهِ فَإِذَا كَانَ عِنْدَ الْمَوْتِ تَزَوَّدَ بِفَجْرَةٍ
✧ A man may be deprived of the blessing of his wealth during his life, and when death approaches he provides for an act of wickedness.
Sunan ad-Darimi 3293Sahih
عَبْدُ اللَّهِ الْمُرَّانِ الْإِمْسَاكُ فِي الْحَيَاةِ وَالتَّبْذِيرُ عِنْدَ الْمَوْتِ قَالَ أَبُو مُحَمَّد «يُقَالُ مُرٌّ فِي الْحَيَاةِ وَمُرٌّ عِنْدَ الْمَوْتِ»
✧ Abdullah al-Murrān: withholding during life and squandering at death. Abu Muhammad said: It is said: bitter in life and bitter at death.
Sunan ad-Darimi 3294Sahih
«إِذَا أَوْصَى الرَّجُلُ لِآخَرَ بِمِثْلِ نَصِيبِ ابْنِهِ فَلَا يَتِمُّ لَهُ مِثْلُ نَصِيبِهِ حَتَّى يَنْقُصَ مِنْهُ»
✧ If a man bequeaths to another the like of his son's share, he does not receive the like of his share until it is reduced from it.
Sunan ad-Darimi 3295Sahih
فِي رَجُلٍ كَانَ لَهُ ثَلَاثَةُ بَنِينَ فَأَوْصَى لِرَجُلٍ مِثْلَ نَصِيبِ أَحَدِهِمْ لَوْ كَانُوا أَرْبَعَةً قَالَ الشَّعْبِيُّ «يُعْطَى الْخُمُسَ»
✧ Concerning a man who had three sons and bequeathed to a man the like of the share of one of them if they were four. Al-Sha'bi said: He is given a fifth.
Sunan ad-Darimi 3296Sahih
سَأَلْنَا عَامِرًا عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَرَكَ ابْنَيْنِ وَأَوْصَى بِمِثْلِ نَصِيبِ أَحَدِهِمْ لَوْ كَانُوا ثَلَاثَةً قَالَ «أَوْصَى بِالرُّبُعِ»
✧ We asked 'Amir about a man who left two sons and bequeathed the like of the share of one of them if they were three. He said: He bequeathed a fourth.
Sunan ad-Darimi 3297Sahih
فِي رَجُلٍ أَوْصَى بِمِثْلِ نَصِيبِ بَعْضِ الْوَرَثَةِ قَالَ «لَا يَجُوزُ وَإِنْ كَانَ أَقَلَّ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ»
✧ Concerning a man who bequeathed the like of the share of some of the heirs. He said: It is not permissible, even if it is less than a third.
Sunan ad-Darimi 3298Sahih
فِي رَجُلٍ أَوْصَى فِي غَلَّةِ عَبْدِهِ بِدِرْهَمٍ وَغَلَّتُهُ سِتَّةٌ قَالَ «لَهُ سُدُسُهُ»
✧ Concerning a man who bequeathed from the produce of his slave a dirham, while his produce is six. He said: He has a sixth of it.
Sunan ad-Darimi 3299Sahih
إِذَا أَقَرَّ لِوَارِثٍ وَلِغَيْرِ وَارِثٍ بِمِئَةِ دِرْهَمٍ قَالَ أَرَى أَنْ أُبْطِلَهُمَا جَمِيعًا
✧ If he acknowledges for an heir and for a non-heir one hundred dirhams. He said: I think I should invalidate both of them.
Sunan ad-Darimi 3300Sahih
«لَا يَجُوزُ إِقْرَارٌ لِوَارِثٍ»
✧ An acknowledgment for an heir is not valid.
Sunan ad-Darimi 3301Sahih
«لَا يَجُوزُ لِوَارِثٍ وَصِيَّةٌ»
✧ A bequest for an heir is not valid.
Sunan ad-Darimi 3302Sahih
«أَنَّ رَجُلًا يُكْنَى أَبَا ثَابِتٍ أَقَرَّ لِامْرَأَتِهِ عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ أَنَّ لَهَا عَلَيْهِ أَرْبَعَمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ مِنْ صَدَاقِهَا فَأَجَازَهُ الْحَسَنُ»
✧ A man whose kunya is Abu Thabit acknowledged at his death that his wife had against him four hundred dirhams from her dower, and al-Hasan permitted it.
Sunan ad-Darimi 3303Hasan
كُنْتُ تَحْتَ نَاقَةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَهِيَ تَقْصَعُ بِجِرَّتِهَا وَلُعَابُهَا يَنُوصُ بَيْنَ كَتِفَيَّ سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ «أَلَا إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ أَعْطَى كُلَّ ذِي حَقٍّ حَقَّهُ فَلَا يَجُوزُ وَصِيَّةٌ لِوَارِثٍ»
✧ I was under the she-camel of the Prophet ﷺ while it was chewing its cud, and its saliva was dripping between my shoulders. I heard him say: Indeed, Allah has given every rightful person his right, so no bequest to an heir is valid.
Sunan ad-Darimi 3304Sahih
{إِذَا حَضَرَ أَحَدَكُمُ الْمَوْتُ إِنْ تَرَكَ خَيْرًا الْوَصِيَّةُ لِلْوَالِدَيْنِ وَالْأَقْرَبِينَ} [البقرة 180] بِالْمَعْرُوفِ حقًا عَلَى الْمُتَّقِينَ أَمَرَ أَنْ يُوصِيَ لِوَالِدَيْهِ وَأَقَارِبِهِ ثُمَّ نُسِخَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فِي سُورَةِ النِّسَاءِ فَجَعَلَ لِلْوَالِدَيْنِ نَصِيبًا مَعْلُومًا وَأَلْحَقَ لِكُلِّ ذِي مِيرَاثٍ نَصِيبَهُ مِنْهُ وَلَيْسَتْ لَهُمْ وَصِيَّةٌ فَصَارَتِ الْوَصِيَّةُ لِمَنْ لَا يَرِثُ مِنْ قَرِيبٍ وَغَيْرِهِ
✧ When death approaches one of you, if he leaves good, the bequest to the parents and near relatives (al-Baqarah 180) with what is proper, a duty upon the righteous. He was commanded to bequeath to his parents and near relatives. Then that was abrogated afterwards in Surat al-Nisa, so He appointed for the parents a known share and attached to every inheritor his share from it, and there is no bequest for them. So the bequest became for one who does not inherit, from near relative or otherwise.
Sunan ad-Darimi 3305Sahih
«كَانَ الْمَالُ لِلْوَلَدِ وَكَانَتِ الْوَصِيَّةُ لِلْوَالِدَيْنِ وَالْأَقْرَبِينَ فَنَسَخَ اللَّهُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ مَا أَحَبَّ فَجَعَلَ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلَ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ وَجَعَلَ لِلْأَبَوَيْنِ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا السُّدُسَ وَالثُّلُثَ وَجَعَلَ لِلْمَرْأَةِ الثُّمُنَ وَالرُّبُعَ وَلِلزَّوْجِ الشَّطْرَ وَالرُّبُعَ»
✧ The property belonged to the children, and the bequest was for the parents and near relatives. Then Allah abrogated of that what He willed, and He appointed for the male the like of the share of two females, and appointed for the parents for each one of them the sixth and the third, and appointed for the wife the eighth and the fourth, and for the husband the half and the fourth.
Sunan ad-Darimi 3306Sahih
عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ وَالْحَسَنِ {إِنْ تَرَكَ خَيْرًا الْوَصِيَّةُ لِلْوَالِدَيْنِ وَالْأَقْرَبِينَ} [البقرة 180] «فكَانَتِ الْوَصِيَّةُ كَذَلِكَ حَتَّى نَسَخَتْهَا آيَةُ الْمِيرَاثِ»
✧ From Ikrimah and al-Hasan: {If he leaves good, the bequest to the parents and near relatives} [al-Baqarah 180]. The bequest was thus until the verse of inheritance abrogated it.
Sunan ad-Darimi 3307Sahih
سُئِلَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَوْصَى وَلَهُ أَخٌ مُوسِرٌ أَيُوصِي لَهُ؟ قَالَ «نَعَمْ وَإِنْ كَانَ رَبَّ عِشْرِينَ أَلْفًا» ثُمَّ قَالَ «وَإِنْ كَانَ رَبَّ مِائَةِ أَلْفٍ فَإِنَّ غِنَاهُ لَا يَمْنَعُهُ الْحَقَّ»
✧ About a man who left a will, and he had a wealthy brother. Should he leave a will for him? He said, "Yes, even if his wealth is twenty thousand (dirhams)." Then he said, "And if his wealth is one hundred thousand, surely his richness will not prevent him from giving his brother his rights."
Sunan ad-Darimi 3308Sahih
فِي رَجُلٍ قَالَ سَيْفِي لِفُلَانٍ فَإِنْ مَاتَ فُلَانٌ فَلِفُلَانٍ فَإِنْ مَاتَ فُلَانٌ فَمَرْجِعُهُ إِلَيَّ قَالَا «هُوَ لِلْأَوَّلِ» قَالَ وَقَالَ حُمَيْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ «يُمْضَى كَمَا قَالَ»
✧ About a man who said: 'My sword is for so-and-so; and if so-and-so dies, then for so-and-so; and if so-and-so dies, then its return is to me.' They both said: 'It is for the first.' He said: And Humayd b. Abd al-Rahman said: 'It is carried out as he said.'
Sunan ad-Darimi 3309Sahih
فِي الرَّجُلِ يُعْطِي الرَّجُلَ الْعَطَاءَ فَيَقُولُ هُوَ لَكَ فَإِذَا مُتَّ فَلِفُلَانٍ فَإِذَا مَاتَ فُلَانٌ فَلِفُلَانٍ وَإِذَا مَاتَ فُلَانٌ فَمَرْجِعُهُ إِلَيَّ قَالَ «يُمْضَى كَمَا قَالَ وَإِنْ كَانُوا مِائَةً»
✧ About the man who gives a man a gift and says: 'It is yours, and when you die, then for so-and-so; and when so-and-so dies, then for so-and-so; and when so-and-so dies, then its return is to me.' He said: 'It is carried out as he said, even if they were a hundred.'
Sunan ad-Darimi 3310Sahih
سَأَلْنَا سَالِمَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُوصِي فِي غَيْرِ قَرَابَتِهِ فَقَالَ سَالِمٌ «هِيَ حَيْثُ جَعَلَهَا» قَالَ فَقُلْنَا إِنَّ الْحَسَنَ يَقُولُ «يُرَدُّ عَلَى الْأَقْرَبِينَ» فَأَنْكَرَ ذَلِكَ وَقَالَ قَوْلًا شَدِيدًا
✧ We asked Salim b. Abdullah about a man who bequeaths to others outside his relatives. Salim said: 'It is where he placed it.' He said: We said: 'Al-Hasan says: It is returned to the near relatives.' He rejected that and spoke harshly.
إِذَا أَوْصَى الرَّجُلُ فِي قَرَابَتِهِ فَهُوَ لِأَقْرَبِهِمْ بِبَطْنٍ الذَّكَرُ وَالْأُنْثَى فِيهِ سَوَاءٌ
✧ If a man bequeaths to his relatives, it is for the closest of them by lineage; the male and female are equal in it.
فِي رَجُلٍ قَالَ أَحَدُ غُلَامَيَّ حُرٌّ ثُمَّ مَاتَ وَلَمْ يُبَيِّنْ قَالَ «الْوَرَثَةُ بِمَنْزِلَتِهِ يُعْتِقُونَ أَيَّهُمَا أَحَبُّوا»
✧ About a man who said: 'One of my two slaves is free,' then died without clarifying. He said: 'The heirs are in his position; they free whichever of them they like.'
Sunan ad-Darimi 3313Sahih
أَنَّ رَجُلًا قَالَ فِي مَرَضِهِ لِفُلَانٍ كَذَا وَلِفُلَانٍ كَذَا وَعَبْدِي فُلَانٌ حُرٌّ وَلَمْ يَقُلْ إِنْ حَدَثَ بِي حَدَثٌ فَبَرَأَ قَالَ «هُوَ مَمْلُوكٌ»
✧ That a man said during his illness: 'For so-and-so such-and-such, and for so-and-so such-and-such, and my slave so-and-so is free,' and he did not say: 'If something happens to me,' then he recovered. He said: 'He remains a slave.'
Sunan ad-Darimi 3314Hasan
فِي رَجُلٍ أَعْتَقَ غُلَامَهُ عِنْدَ الْمَوْتِ وَلَيْسَ لَهُ غَيْرُهُ وَعَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ قَالَ «يَسْعَى لِلْغُرَمَاءِ فِي ثَمَنِهِ»
✧ About a man who freed his slave at death and had nothing else and owed a debt. He said: 'He strives for the creditors in his price.'
Sunan ad-Darimi 3315Sahih
أَنَّ رَجُلًا اشْتَرَى عَبْدًا بِتِسْعِ مِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ فَأَعْتَقَهُ وَلَمْ يَقْضِ ثَمَنَ الْعَبْدِ وَلَمْ يَتْرُكْ شَيْئًا فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ «يَسْعَى الْعَبْدُ فِي ثَمَنِهِ»
✧ That a man bought a slave for nine hundred dirhams and freed him, and did not pay the price of the slave, and left nothing. Ali said: 'The slave strives for his price.'
«الْمُدَبَّرُ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ»
✧ The mudabbar is from the third.
Sunan ad-Darimi 3317Hasan
«الْمُدَبَّرُ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ»
✧ The mudabbar (slave manumitted upon the owner's death) is from the third.
Sunan ad-Darimi 3318Sahih
«الْمُعْتَقُ عَنْ دُبُرٍ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ»
✧ The one freed after death is from the third.
Sunan ad-Darimi 3319Sahih
«الْمُعْتَقَةُ عَنْ دُبُرٍ وَوَلَدُهَا مِنَ الثُّلُثِ»
✧ The female slave freed after death and her child are from the third.
Sunan ad-Darimi 3320Sahih
«الْمُعْتَقُ عَنْ دُبُرٍ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ»
✧ The one freed after death is from the third.
Sunan ad-Darimi 3321Sahih
«الْمُدَبَّرُ مِنْ جَمِيعِ الْمَالِ»
✧ The mudabbar is from the entire wealth.
Sunan ad-Darimi 3322Sahih
«الْمُعْتَقُ عَنْ دُبُرٍ مِنْ جَمِيعِ الْمَالِ»
✧ The one freed after death is from the entire wealth.
Sunan ad-Darimi 3323Sahih
«لَا تَشْهَدْ عَلَى وَصِيَّةٍ حَتَّى تُقْرَأَ عَلَيْكَ وَلَا تَشْهَدْ عَلَى مَنْ لَا تَعْرِفُ»
✧ Do not witness a will until it is recited to you, and do not witness for someone you do not know.
Sunan ad-Darimi 3324No grade recorded
أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ «أَوْصَى لِأُمَّهَاتِ أَوْلَادِهِ بِأَرْبَعَةِ آلَافٍ أَرْبَعَةِ آلَافٍ لِكُلِّ امْرَأَةٍ مِنْهُنَّ»
✧ That Umar b. al-Khattab willed to the mothers of his children four thousand, four thousand for each woman among them.
Sunan ad-Darimi 3325Sahih
«أَنَّهُ أَجَازَ وَصِيَّةَ ابْنِ ثَلَاثَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً»
✧ That he permitted the will of a thirteen-year-old boy.
Sunan ad-Darimi 3326Sahih
أَوْصَى غُلَامٌ مِنَ الْحَيِّ ابْنُ سَبْعِ سِنِينَ فَقَالَ شُرَيْحٌ «إِذَا أَصَابَ الْغُلَامُ فِي وَصِيَّتِهِ جَازَتْ»
✧ A boy from the tribe, seven years old, made a will, and Shurayh said: "If the boy is correct in his will, it is valid."
Sunan ad-Darimi 3327Sahih
أَنَّهُ «شَهِدَ شُرَيْحًا أَجَازَ وَصِيَّةَ عَبَّاسِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ مَرْثَدٍ لِظِئْرِهِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْحِيرَةِ وعَبَّاسٌ صَبِيٌّ»
✧ That he witnessed Shurayh permit the will of Abbas b. Ismail b. Marthad for his wet nurse from the people of al-Hirah, while Abbas was a young boy.
Sunan ad-Darimi 3328Sahih
«إِذَا اتَّقَى الصَّبِيُّ الرَّكِيَّةَ جَازَتْ وَصِيَّتُهُ»
✧ If the young boy is wary of the well, his will is valid.
Sunan ad-Darimi 3329Sahih
أَنَّ غُلَامًا مِنْهُمْ حِينَ ثُغِرَ يُقَالُ لَهُ مَرْثَدٌ أَوْصَى لِظِئْرٍ لَهُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْحِيرَةِ بِأَرْبَعِينَ دِرْهَمًا فَأَجَازَهُ شُرَيْحٌ وَقَالَ «مَنْ أَصَابَ الْحَقَّ أَجَزْنَاهُ»
✧ A boy of theirs when he came of age, called Marthad, bequeathed to a wet nurse of his from the people of al-Ḥīrah forty dirhams, and Shurayḥ permitted it, saying, “Whoever attains the right, we permit it.”
Sunan ad-Darimi 3330No grade recorded
أَنَّ غُلَامًا بِالْمَدِينَةِ حَضَرَهُ الْمَوْتُ وَوَرَثَتُهُ بِالشَّامِ وَأَنَّهُمْ ذَكَرُوا لِعُمَرَ أَنَّهُ يَمُوتُ فَسَأَلُوهُ أَنْ يُوصِيَ «فَأَمَرَهُ عُمَرُ أَنْ يُوصِيَ» فَأَوْصَى بِبِئْرٍ يُقَالُ لَهَا بِئْرُ جُشَمَ وَأنَّ أَهْلَهَا بَاعُوهَا بِثَلَاثِينَ أَلْفًا ذَكَرَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ «أَنَّ الْغُلَامَ كَانَ ابْنَ عَشْرِ سِنِينَ أَوْ ثِنْتَيْ عَشْرَةَ»
✧ A boy in Madinah was on his deathbed while his heirs were in Syria. They mentioned to ʿUmar that he was dying and asked him to make a will. ʿUmar ordered him to make a will, and he bequeathed a well called Biʾr Jusham. Its owners later sold it for thirty thousand. Abū Bakr mentioned that the boy was ten or twelve years old.
Sunan ad-Darimi 3331Sahih
«يَجُوزُ وَصِيَّةُ الصَّبِيِّ فِي مَالِهِ فِي الثُّلُثِ فَمَا دُونَهُ وَإِنَّمَا يَمْنَعُهُ وَلِيُّهُ ذَلِكَ فِي الصِّحَّةِ رَهْبَةَ الْفَاقَةِ عَلَيْهِ فَأَمَّا عِنْدَ الْمَوْتِ فَلَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَمْنَعَهُ»
✧ A boy’s will concerning his property is permissible up to one-third or less. His guardian may prevent him from that in health out of fear of poverty for him, but at death he may not prevent him.
Sunan ad-Darimi 3332Sahih
أَنَّهُ أُتِيَ فِي جَارِيَةٍ أَوْصَتْ فَجَعَلُوا يُصَغِّرُونَهَا فَقَالَ «مَنْ أَصَابَ الْحَقَّ أَجَزْنَاهُ»
✧ He was brought concerning a slave girl who had made a will, and they kept belittling her, so he said, “Whoever attains the right, we permit it.”
أَنَّ سُلَيْمًا الْغَسَّانِيَّ مَاتَ وَهُوَ ابْنُ عَشْرٍ أَوْ ثِنْتَيْ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً فَأَوْصَى بِبِئْرٍ لَهُ قِيمَتُهَا ثَلَاثُونَ أَلْفًا فَأَجَازَهَا عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ
✧ Sulaym al-Ghassānī died at ten or twelve years old and bequeathed a well of his worth thirty thousand, which ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb permitted.
ابْنُ ثَلَاثَ عَشْرَةَ وَقَالَ الْآخَرُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَحْتَلِمَ قَالَ أَبُو مُحَمَّد عَنِ ابْنَيْهِ يَعْنِي ابْنَيْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ
✧ Thirteen years old, while the other said before reaching puberty. Abū Muḥammad said, from his two sons, meaning the two sons of Abū Bakr.
Sunan ad-Darimi 3335Sahih
«وَصِيَّتُهُ لَيْسَتْ بِجَائِزَةٍ إِلَّا مَا لَيْسَ بِذِي بَالٍ»
✧ His will is not permissible except what is of no consequence.
Sunan ad-Darimi 3336Sahih
«لَا يَجُوزُ طَلَاقُ الْغُلَامِ وَلَا وَصِيَّتُهُ وَلَا هِبَتُهُ وَلَا صَدَقَتُهُ وَلَا عَتَاقَتُهُ حَتَّى يَحْتَلِمَ»
✧ The divorce of a boy, his will, his gift, his charity, and his manumission are not permissible until he reaches puberty.
«لَا يَجُوزُ طَلَاقُ الصَّبِيِّ وَلَا عِتْقُهُ وَلَا وَصِيَّتُهُ وَلَا شِرَاؤُهُ وَلَا بَيْعُهُ وَلَا شَيْءٌ»
✧ The divorce of a minor boy, his manumission, his will, his purchase, his sale, or anything else are not permissible.
Sunan ad-Darimi 3338Sahih
لَا يَجُوزُ طَلَاقٌ وَلَا وَصِيَّةٌ إِلَّا فِي عَقْلٍ إِلَّا النَّشْوَانَ يَعْنِي السَّكْرَانَ فَإِنَّهُ يَجُوزُ طَلَاقُهُ وَيُضْرَبُ ظَهْرُهُ
✧ Divorce and will are not permissible except with sound mind, except the intoxicated, meaning the drunkard, for his divorce is permissible and his back is beaten.
Sunan ad-Darimi 3339Sahih
سَأَلْتُ الْقَاسِمَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ وَمُعَاوِيَةَ بْنَ قُرَّةَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَالَ فِي وَصِيَّتِهِ كُلُّ مَمْلُوكٍ لِي حُرٌّ وَلَهُ مَمْلُوكٌ آبِقٌ فَقَالَا «هُوَ حُرٌّ» وقَالَ الْحَسَنُ وَإِيَاسٌ وَبَكْرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ «لَيْسَ بِحُرٍّ»
✧ I asked al-Qāsim b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān and Muʿāwiyah b. Qurrah about a man who said in his will, “Every slave I own is free,” while he had a runaway slave. They both said, “He is free.” Al-Ḥasan, Iyās, and Bakr b. ʿAbd Allāh said, “He is not free.”
Sunan ad-Darimi 3340Hasan
«أَنَّ عُمَرَ أَوْصَى إِلَى حَفْصَةَ أُمِّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ»
✧ ʿUmar appointed Ḥafṣah, the Mother of the Believers, as his executrix.
Sunan ad-Darimi 3341Sahih
«أَنَّ صَفِيَّةَ أَوْصَتْ لِنَسِيبٍ لَهَا يَهُودِيٍّ»
✧ Safiyya bequeathed to a Jewish relative of hers.
Sunan ad-Darimi 3342Sahih
أَوْصَى غُلَامٌ مِنَ الْحَيِّ يُقَالُ لَهُ عَبَّاسُ بْنُ مَرْثَدٍ ابْنُ سَبْعِ سِنِينَ لِظِئْرٍ لَهُ يَهُودِيَّةٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْحِيرَةِ بِأَرْبَعِينَ دِرْهَمًا فَقَالَ شُرَيْحٌ «إِذَا أَصَابَ الْغُلَامُ فِي وَصِيَّتِهِ جَازَتْ وَإِنَّمَا أَوْصَى لِذِي حَقٍّ»
✧ A boy from the tribe called Abbas b. Marthad, seven years old, bequeathed forty dirhams to a Jewish foster mother of his from the people of al-Hira. Shurayh said: “If the boy hits the mark in his bequest, it is valid, and he only bequeathed to one entitled to it.”
Sunan ad-Darimi 3343Sahih
أَنَّ الزُّبَيْرَ «جَعَلَ دُورَهُ صَدَقَةً عَلَى بَنِيهِ لَا تُبَاعُ وَلَا تُوَرَّثُ وَأَنَّ لِلْمَرْدُودَةِ مِنْ بَنَاتِهِ أَنْ تَسْكُنَ غَيْرَ مُضِرَّةٍ وَلَا مُضَارٍّ بِهَا فَإِنْ هِيَ اسْتَغْنَتْ بِزَوْجٍ فَلَا حَقَّ لَهَا»
✧ Al-Zubayr made his houses a perpetual charity for his sons, not to be sold or inherited, and for the divorced one of his daughters to live in without causing harm or being harmed, so if she is self-sufficient with a husband, she has no right.
فِي الرَّجُلِ يُوصِي لِلرَّجُلِ بِدَنَانِيرَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَيَمُوتُ الْمُوصَى لَهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَخْرُجَ بِهَا مِنْ أَهْلِهِ قَالَ «هِيَ إِلَى أَوْلِيَاءِ الْمُتَوَفَّى الْمُوصِي يُنْفِذُونَهَا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ»
✧ Regarding a man who bequeaths dinars to another man in the way of Allah, and the beneficiary dies before he takes them out from his family, he said: “They go to the heirs of the deceased testator, to spend them in the way of Allah.”
فِي الرَّجُلِ يُوصِي لِلرَّجُلِ بِالْوَصِيَّةِ فَيَمُوتُ الْمُوصَى لَهُ قَبْلَ الْمُوصِي قَالَ «هِيَ جَائِزَةٌ لِوَرَثَةِ الْمُوصَى لَهُ»
✧ Regarding a man who bequeaths to a man, and the beneficiary dies before the testator, he said: “It is valid for the heirs of the beneficiary.”
أَنَّ عَلِيًّا كَانَ يُجِيزُهَا
✧ Ali used to permit it.
Sunan ad-Darimi 3347Sahih
أَنَّ رَجُلًا جَاءَ إِلَى ابْنِ عُمَرَ فَقَالَ إِنَّ رَجُلًا أَوْصَى إِلَيَّ وَجَعَلَ نَاقَةً فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَلَيْسَ هَذَا زَمَانًا يُخْرَجُ إِلَى الْغَزْوِ فَأَحْمِلُ عَلَيْهَا فِي الْحَجِّ؟ فَقَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ «الْحَجُّ وَالْعُمْرَةُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ»
✧ A man came to Ibn Umar and said: A man made a bequest to me and arranged a she-camel in the way of Allah, and this is not a time to go out for battle, so should I carry people on it for Hajj? Ibn Umar said: “Hajj and Umrah are in the way of Allah.”
أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَوْصَى بِمَالِهِ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَسَأَلَ الْوَصِيُّ عَنْ ذَلِكَ عُمَرَ فَقَالَ «أَعْطِهِ عُمَّالَ اللَّهِ» قَالَ وَمَنْ عُمَّالُ اللَّهِ؟ قَالَ «حَاجُّ بَيْتِ اللَّهِ»
✧ A man bequeathed his wealth in the way of Allah. The executor asked Umar about that, and he said: “Give it to Allah's workers.” He asked: Who are Allah's workers? He said: “The pilgrims of Allah's House.”