39. Oaths and Vows
al-Mustadrak (al-Hakim) 7800Sahih
أَنَّهُ أَتَى عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ وَهُوَ فِي إِزَارٍ جَرَدٍ فَطَافَ خَلْفَ الْبَيْتِ قَدِ الْتَبَبَ بِهِ وَهُوَ أَعْمَى يُقَادُ قَالَ فَسَلَّمْتُ عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ مَنْ هَذَا؟ قُلْتُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ ثَعْلَبَةَ قَالَ أَخُو بَنِي حَارِثَةَ؟ قُلْتُ نَعَمْ وَخَتَنُ جُهَيْنَةَ؟ قُلْتُ نَعَمْ قَالَ هَلْ سَمِعْتَ أَبَاكَ يُحَدِّثُ بِحَدِيثٍ سَمِعْتَهُ يُحَدِّثُ بِهِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ؟ قَالَ لَا أَدْرِي قَالَ سَمِعْتَ أَبَاكَ يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ «مَنِ اقْتَطَعَ مَالَ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ بِيَمِينٍ كَاذِبَةٍ كَانَتْ نُكْتَةً سَوْدَاءَ فِي قَلْبِهِ لَا يُغَيِّرُهَا شَيْءٌ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ»
✧ "He came to Abdur Rahman ibn Ka'b ibn Malik while he was wearing a stripped cloak. He circled around the Ka'ba, dragging himself, as he was blind and being led. I greeted him, and he asked, "Who is this?" I replied, "Abdullah ibn Tha'labah." He asked, "Is he from Banu Harithah?" I said, "Yes," He asked, "Is he circumcised?" I said, "Yes." He asked, "Did you hear your father narrating a hadith that he heard from the Prophet ﷺ?" I said, "I don't know." He said, "Did you hear your father saying that he heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ saying, 'Whoever wrongfully takes the money of a Muslim by making a false oath, a black dot will be engraved on their heart, which nothing will remove until the Day of Resurrection'?"
al-Mustadrak (al-Hakim) 7801Sahih
سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ «مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ لِيَقْتَطِعَ بِهَا مَالَ رَجُلٍ لَقِيَ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى وَهُوَ عَلَيْهِ غَضْبَانُ»
✧ I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: 'Whoever swears an oath in order to seize thereby the property of a man, he will meet Allah Almighty while He is angry with him.'
al-Mustadrak (al-Hakim) 7802Sahih
«مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ مَصْبُورَةٍ كَاذِبَةٍ فَلْيَتَبَوَّأْ مَقْعَدَهُ مِنَ النَّارِ»
✧ Whoever swears a deliberate, false oath, let him take his seat in the Fire.
al-Mustadrak (al-Hakim) 7803Sahih
سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي الْحَجِّ بَيْنَ الْجَمْرَتَيْنِ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ «مَنِ اقْتَطَعَ مَالَ أَخِيهِ الْمُسْلِمِ بِيَمِينٍ فَاجِرَةٍ فَلْيَتَبَوَّأْ مَقْعَدَهُ مِنَ النَّارِ لِيُبَلِّغْ شَاهِدُكُمْ غَائِبَكُمْ» مَرَّتَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلَاثًا
✧ I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ during the Hajj between the two jamarat, saying: 'Whoever seizes the property of his Muslim brother with a sinful oath, let him take his seat in the Fire. Let those of you who are present convey to those who are absent.' He said it twice or thrice.
al-Mustadrak (al-Hakim) 7804Sahih
«مَنِ اقْتَطَعَ مَالَ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ بِيَمِينِهِ حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ الْجَنَّةَ وَأَدْخَلَهُ النَّارَ» قَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَإِنْ كَانَ شَيْئًا يَسِيرًا؟ قَالَ «وَإِنْ كَانَ سِوَاكًا وَإِنْ كَانَ سِوَاكًا»
✧ Whoever seizes the property of a Muslim man with his oath, Allah has forbidden Paradise to him and will admit him to the Fire.' They said: 'O Messenger of Allah, even if it is something small?' He said: 'Even if it is a tooth-stick, even if it is a tooth-stick.'
al-Mustadrak (al-Hakim) 7805Sahih
«مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ يَقْتَطِعُ بِهَا مَالَ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ وَهُوَ فَاجِرٌ لَقِيَ اللَّهَ وَهُوَ أَجْذَمُ»
✧ Whoever swears an oath by which he seizes the property of a Muslim man while he is sinful, he will meet Allah with a mutilated limb.
al-Mustadrak (al-Hakim) 7806Sahih
أَنَّهُ خَاصَمَ رَجُلًا إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي أَرْضٍ فَجَعَلَ الْيَمِينَ عَلَى أَحَدِهِمَا فَقَالَ الْآخَرُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنْ حَلَفَ دَفَعْتُ إِلَيْهِ أَرْضِي فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «اتْرُكْهُ فَإِنَّهُ مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينِ صَبْرٍ لِيَقْتَطِعَ بِهَا مَالَ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ لَقِيَ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَهُوَ مُجْتَمِعٌ عَلَيْهِ غَضَبًا عَفَا اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَوْ عَاقَبَهُ»
✧ He had a dispute with a man before the Prophet ﷺ concerning some land. The oath was imposed on one of them, and the other said: 'O Messenger of Allah, if he swears, I will hand over my land to him.' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: 'Leave him, for whoever swears a binding oath to seize thereby the property of a Muslim man, he will meet Allah Almighty on the Day of Resurrection while He is filled with anger against him—may Allah pardon him or punish him.'
al-Mustadrak (al-Hakim) 7807Sahih
كَانَ بَيْنَ سَعِيدِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ وَبَيْنَ ابْنَةِ أَرْوَى خُصُومَةٌ فَقَالَ مَرْوَانُ أَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَ هَذَيْنِ فَقُلْنَا لَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ حَتَّى قُلْنَا أَنْصَفَ هَذِهِ الْمَرْأَةَ فَقَالَ أَتُرَوْنِي أَنْتَقِصُهَا مِنْ حَقِّهَا شَيْئًا وَقَدْ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ «مَنِ اقْتَطَعَ شِبْرًا مِنَ الْأَرْضِ طُوَّقَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ مِنْ سَبْعِ أَرَضِينَ وَمَنِ اقْتَطَعَ مَالًا بِيَمِينِهِ فَلَا بُورِكَ لَهُ فِيهِ وَمَنْ تَوَلَّى قَوْمًا بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِهِمْ فَعَلَيْهِ لَعْنَةُ اللَّهِ وَالْمَلَائِكَةِ وَالنَّاسِ أَجْمَعِينَ»
✧ There was a dispute between Sa'id b. Zayd and the daughter of Arwa. Marwan said: 'Make peace between these two.' We spoke to him about that until we said: 'This woman has been treated fairly.' He said: 'Do you think I would diminish anything of her right? I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: "Whoever seizes a span of land, Allah Almighty will collar him on the Day of Resurrection with seven earths. And whoever seizes property with his oath, there is no blessing for him in it. And whoever takes charge of a people without their permission, upon him is the curse of Allah, the angels, and all the people."
al-Mustadrak (al-Hakim) 7808Sahih
«مِنْ أَكْبَرِ الْكَبَائِرِ الْإِشْرَاكُ بِاللَّهِ وَعُقُوقُ الْوَالِدَيْنِ وَالْيَمِينُ الْغَمُوسُ وَمَا حَلَفَ حَالِفٌ بِاللَّهِ يَمِينَ صَبْرٍ فَأَدْخَلَ فِيهَا مِثْلَ جَنَاحَ الْبَعُوضَةِ إِلَّا جَعَلَهَا اللَّهُ نُكْتَةً فِي قَلْبِهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ»
✧ Among the greatest of major sins are associating partners with Allah, disobedience to parents, and the false oath (al-yamin al-ghamus). No one swears by Allah a binding oath and includes in it the like of a mosquito's wing except that Allah makes it a black spot in his heart on the Day of Resurrection.
al-Mustadrak (al-Hakim) 7809Sahih
«كُنَّا نَعُدُّ مِنَ الذَّنْبِ الَّذِي لَيْسَ لَهُ كَفَّارَةٌ الْيَمِينَ الْغَمُوسَ» قِيلَ وَمَا الْيَمِينُ الْغَمُوسُ؟ قَالَ «الرَّجُلُ يَقْتَطِعُ بِيَمِينِهِ مَالَ الرَّجُلِ»
✧ We used to count among the sin for which there is no expiation the false oath (al-yamin al-ghamus).' It was said: 'And what is the false oath?' He said: 'A man seizing with his oath the property of another man.'
al-Mustadrak (al-Hakim) 7810Sahih
مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى مِنْبَرِي هَذَا عَلَى يَمِينٍ آثِمَةٍ فَلْيَتَبَوَّأْ مَقْعَدَهُ مِنَ النَّارِ أَوْ قَالَ إِلَّا وَجَبَتْ لَهُ النَّارُ وَلَوْ عَلَى سِوَاكٍ أَخْضَرَ
✧ Whoever swears upon this pulpit of mine a sinful oath, let him take his seat in the Fire—or he said: except that the Fire becomes obligatory for him—even if it be for a green tooth-stick.
al-Mustadrak (al-Hakim) 7811No grade recorded
«مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى مِنْبَرِي هَذَا عَلَى يَمِينٍ آثِمَةٍ فَلْيَتَبَوَّأْ مَقْعَدَهُ مِنَ النَّارِ»
✧ Whoever swears upon this pulpit of mine a sinful oath, let him take his seat in the Fire.
al-Mustadrak (al-Hakim) 7812Sahih
«لَا يَحْلِفُ عَبْدٌ وَلَا أَمَةٌ عِنْدَ هَذَا الْمِنْبَرِ عَلَى يَمِينٍ آثِمَةٍ وَلَوْ عَلَى سِوَاكٍ رَطْبٍ إِلَّا وَجَبَتْ لَهُ النَّارُ»
✧ No servant, male or female, swears at this pulpit a false oath, even about a fresh toothstick, except that the Fire becomes incumbent for him.
al-Mustadrak (al-Hakim) 7813Sahih
إِنَّ اللَّهَ أَذِنَ لِي أَنْ أُحَدِّثَ عَنْ دِيكٍ رِجْلَاهُ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَعُنُقُهُ مَثْنِيَّةٌ تَحْتَ الْعَرْشِ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ سُبْحَانَكَ مَا أَعْظَمَ رَبَّنَا قَالَ «فَيَرُدُّ عَلَيْهِ مَا يَعْلَمُ ذَلِكَ مَنْ حَلَفَ بِي كَاذِبًا»
✧ Allah permitted me to speak of a rooster whose legs are on the earth and whose neck is folded beneath the Throne, and it says: Glory be to You, how great is our Lord. He ﷺ said: "And He replies to it: None who swears by Me falsely knows that."
al-Mustadrak (al-Hakim) 7814Sahih
سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ «مَنْ حَلَفَ بِغَيْرِ اللَّهِ فَقَدْ كَفَرَ أَوْ أَشْرَكَ»
Ibn Umar heard a man swearing: No, I swear by the Ka'bah. Ibn Umar said to him: I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: He who swears by anyone but Allah is polytheist. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 3251)
al-Mustadrak (al-Hakim) 7815Sahih
عَنْ قُتَيْلَةَ بِنْتِ صَيْفِيٍّ امْرَأَةٍ مِنْ جُهَيْنَةَ قَالَتْ إِنَّ حَبْرًا جَاءَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ إِنَّكُمْ تُشْرِكُونَ تَقُولُونَ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ وَشِئْتَ وَتَقُولُونَ وَالْكَعْبَةِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «قُولُوا مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ ثُمَّ شِئْتَ وَقُولُوا وَرَبِّ الْكَعْبَةِ»
✧ From Qutaylah bt. Sayfi, a woman of Juhaynah, who said: A Jewish scholar came to the Prophet ﷺ and said: You associate partners, saying: What Allah wills and you will; and you say: By the Ka'bah. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Say: What Allah wills, then you will; and say: By the Lord of the Ka'bah."
al-Mustadrak (al-Hakim) 7816Sahih
«لَيْسَ مِنَّا مَنْ حَلَفَ بِالْأَمَانَةِ وَلَيْسَ مِنَّا مَنْ خَبَّبَ زَوْجَةَ امْرِئٍ وَلَا مَمْلُوكِهِ»
✧ He is not one of us who swears by al-Amanah (trustworthiness), and he is not one of us who corrupts a man's wife or his slave.
al-Mustadrak (al-Hakim) 7817Weak
«مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ فَهُوَ كَمَا حَلَفَ إِنْ قَالَ هُوَ يَهُودِيٌّ فَهُوَ يَهُودِيٌّ وَإِنْ قَالَ هُوَ نَصْرَانِيٌّ فَهُوَ نَصْرَانِيٌّ وَإِنْ قَالَ هُوَ بَرِيءٌ مِنَ الْإِسْلَامِ فَهُوَ بَرِيءٌ مِنَ الْإِسْلَامِ وَمَنِ ادَّعَى دَعْوَى الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَإِنَّهُ مِنْ جُثَا جَهَنَّمَ» قَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَإِنْ صَامَ وَصَلَّى؟ قَالَ «وَإِنْ صَامَ وَصَلَّى»
✧ Whoever swears an oath, then it is as he swore: if he says he is a Jew, then he is a Jew; if he says he is a Christian, then he is a Christian; if he says he is free of Islam, then he is free of Islam. And whoever makes a claim of the pre-Islamic ignorance, he is from the crouchers of Hell." They said: O Messenger of Allah, even if he fasts and prays? He said: "Even if he fasts and prays."
al-Mustadrak (al-Hakim) 7818Sahih
«مَنْ قَالَ أَنَا بَرِيءٌ مِنَ الْإِسْلَامِ فَإِنْ كَانَ كَاذِبًا فَهُوَ كَمَا قَالَ وَإِنْ كَانَ صَادِقًا فَلَنْ يَرْجِعَ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ سَالِمًا»
✧ Whoever says: I am free of Islam, then if he is lying, he is as he said; and if he is truthful, he will never return to Islam safely.
al-Mustadrak (al-Hakim) 7819Sahih
لَمَّا افْتَتَحَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَكَّةَ أَتَاهُ نَاسٌ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ فَقَالُوا إِنَّهُ قَدْ لَحِقَ بِكَ نَاسٌ مِنْ مَوَالِينَا وَأَرِقَّائِنَا لَيْسَ لَهُمْ رَغْبَةٌ فِي الدِّينِ إِلَّا فِرَارًا مِنْ مَوَاشِينَا وَزَرْعِنَا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «وَاللَّهِ يَا مَعْشَرَ قُرَيْشٍ لَتُقِيمُنَّ الصَّلَاةَ وَلَتُؤْتُنَّ الزَّكَاةَ أَوْ لَأَبْعَثَنَّ عَلَيْكُمْ رَجُلًا فَيَضْرِبُ أَعْنَاقَكُمْ عَلَى الدِّينِ» ثُمَّ قَالَ «أَنَا أَوْ خَاصِفُ النَّعْلِ» قَالَ عَلِيٌّ «وَأَنَا أَخْصِفُ نَعْلَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ» على شرط مسلم
✧ When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ conquered Makkah, some people of Quraysh came to him and said: Some of our freedmen and slaves have joined you, having no desire in the religion except to flee from our livestock and our crops. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "By Allah, O company of Quraysh, you will establish the prayer and give the zakah, or I will send against you a man who will strike your necks for the religion." Then he said: "I, or the one who patches the sandal." Ali said: "And I patch the sandal of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ." According to the condition of Muslim.
al-Mustadrak (al-Hakim) 7820No grade recorded
بَيْنَمَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ جَالِسٌ مَعَ أَصْحَابِهِ يُحَدِّثُهُمْ إِذْ قَامَ فَدَخَلَ فَقَامَ زَيْدٌ فَجَلَسَ فِي مَجْلِسِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَجَعَلَ يُحَدِّثُهُمْ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ إِذْ مُرَّ بِلَحْمٍ هَدِيَّةٍ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ الْقَوْمُ لِزَيْدٍ وَكَانَ أَحْدَثَهُمْ سِنًّا يَا أَبَا سَعِيدٍ لَوْ قُمْتَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَأَقْرَأْتَهُ مِنَّا السَّلَامَ وَتَقُولُ لَهُ يَقُولُ لَكَ أَصْحَابُكَ إِنْ رَأَيْتَ أَنْ تَبْعَثَ إِلَيْنَا مِنْ هَذَا اللَّحْمِ فَقَالَ «ارْجِعْ إِلَيْهِمْ فَقَدْ أَكَلُوا لَحْمًا بَعْدَكَ» فَجَاءَ زَيْدٌ فَقَالَ قَدْ بَلَّغْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ «ارْجِعْ إِلَيْهِمْ فَقَدْ أَكَلُوا لَحْمًا بَعْدَكَ» فَقَالَ الْقَوْمُ مَا أَكَلْنَا لَحْمًا وَإِنَّ هَذَا الْأَمْرَ حَدَثٌ فَانْطَلِقُوا بِنَا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَسْأَلَهُ مَا هَذَا فَجَاءُوا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَرْسَلْنَا إِلَيْكَ فِي اللَّحْمِ الَّذِي جَاءَكَ فَزَعَمَ زَيْدٌ أَنَّهُمْ قَدْ أَكَلُوا لَحْمًا فَوَاللَّهِ مَا أَكَلْنَا لَحْمًا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «كَأَنِّي أَنْظُرُ إِلَى خَضِرَةِ لَحْمِ زَيْدٍ فِي أَسْنَانِكُمْ» فَقَالُوا أَيْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فَاسْتَغْفِرْ لَنَا قَالَ فَاسْتَغْفَرَ لَهُمْ
✧ While the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was sitting with his companions narrating to them, he got up and entered. Zayd got up and sat in the Prophet's ﷺ place and began to narrate to them on behalf of the Prophet ﷺ. Meanwhile, some meat was passed by as a gift to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. The people said to Zayd, and he was the youngest of them: O Abu Sa'id, if you would go to the Prophet ﷺ and convey our greetings to him and tell him: Your companions say: If you see fit to send us some of this meat. He said: "Return to them, for they have eaten meat after you." Zayd came and said: I conveyed to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. He said: "Return to them, for they have eaten meat after you." The people said: We have not eaten meat, and this matter is new. Come with us to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to ask him what this is. They came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said: O Messenger of Allah, we sent to you regarding the meat that came to you, and Zayd claimed that they have eaten meat. By Allah, we have not eaten meat. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "It is as if I am looking at the greenness of Zayd's meat in your teeth." They said: O Messenger of Allah, seek forgiveness for us. He said: And he sought forgiveness for them.
al-Mustadrak (al-Hakim) 7821Sahih
خَرَجْنَا نُرِيدُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَمَعَنَا وَائِلُ بْنُ حُجْرٍ فَأَخَذَهُ عَدُوٌّ لَهُ فَتَحَرَّجَ الْقَوْمُ أَنْ يَحْلِفُوا وَحَلَفْتُ أَنَّهُ أَخِي فَخُلِّي سَبِيلُهُ فَأَتَيْنَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ أَنَّ الْقَوْمَ تَحَرَّجُوا وَحَلَفْتُ أَنَا أَنَّهُ أَخِي فَقَالَ «صَدَقْتَ الْمُسْلِمُ أَخُو الْمُسْلِمِ»
✧ We set out intending to go to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and with us was Wa'il b. Hujr. An enemy of his captured him, and the people were reluctant to swear, but I swore that he was my brother, so he was released. We came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and I informed him that the people were reluctant and I swore that he was my brother. He said: "You have spoken truthfully; the Muslim is the brother of the Muslim."
al-Mustadrak (al-Hakim) 7822No grade recorded
«مَنْ طَلَّقَ مَا لَا يَمْلِكُ فَلَا طَلَاقَ لَهُ وَمَنْ أَعْتَقَ مَا لَا يَمْلِكُ فَلَا عَتَاقَ لَهُ وَمَنْ نَذَرَ فِيمَا لَا يَمْلِكُ فَلَا نَذْرَ لَهُ وَمَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى مَعْصِيَةٍ فَلَا يَمِينَ لَهُ وَمَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى قَطِيعَةِ رَحِمٍ فَلَا يَمِينَ لَهُ»
✧ Whoever divorces what he does not own, there is no divorce for him; whoever frees what he does not own, there is no manumission for him; whoever vows regarding what he does not own, there is no vow for him; whoever swears an oath to commit a sin, there is no oath for him; and whoever swears an oath to sever kinship ties, there is no oath for him.
al-Mustadrak (al-Hakim) 7823Sahih
أَنَّ أَخَوَيْنِ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ كَانَ بَيْنَهُمَا مِيرَاثٌ فَسَأَلَ أَحَدُهُمَا صَاحِبَهُ الْقِسْمَةَ فَقَالَ لَئِنْ عُدْتَ سَأَلْتَنِي الْقِسْمَةَ لَا أُكَلِّمُكَ أَبَدًا وَكُلُّ مَالِي فِي رِتَاجِ الْكَعْبَةِ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ إِنَّ الْكَعْبَةَ لَغَنِيَّةٌ عَنْ مَالِكَ كَفِّرْ عَنْ يَمِينِكَ وَكَلِّمْ أَخَاكَ فَإِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ «لَا يَمِينَ عَلَيْكَ وَلَا نَذْرَ فِي مَعْصِيَةِ الرَّبِّ وَلَا فِي قَطِيعَةِ الرَّحِمِ وَلَا فِيمَا لَا تَمْلِكُ»
✧ Two brothers from the Ansar had an inheritance between them. One of them asked his companion for division, and he said: If you return to ask me for division, I will never speak to you again, and all my wealth is in the gate of the Ka'bah. Umar b. al-Khattab said: The Ka'bah is in no need of your wealth. Make expiation for your oath and speak to your brother, for I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: "There is no oath upon you and no vow in disobedience to the Lord, nor in severing kinship ties, nor in what you do not own."
al-Mustadrak (al-Hakim) 7824Sahih
جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى عَدِيِّ بْنِ حَاتِمٍ فَقَالَ إِنِّي تَزَوَّجْتُ امْرَأَةً فَأَعْطِنِي قَالَ اكْتُبْ لَكَ بِدِرْعٍ وَمِغْفَرٍ فَتُعْطَاهُمَا فَتَسَخَّطَ الرَّجُلُ فَحَلَفَ عَدِيٌّ أَنْ لَا يُعْطِيَهُمَا إِيَّاهُ فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ كُنْتُ أَرْجُو أَنْ تُعْطِيَنِي وَصِيفًا فَقَالَ وَاللَّهِ لَهُمَا أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ وَصِيفَيْنِ فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ فَاكْتُبْ لِي بِهِمَا فَقَالَ عَدِيٌّ أَمَا أَنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ «إِذَا حَلَفَ أَحَدُكُمْ عَلَى يَمِينٍ فَرَأَى خَيْرًا مِنْهَا فَلْيَأْتِ الَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ» مَا كَتَبْتُ لَكَ بِهِمَا قَالَ «فَكَتَبَ لَهُ بِهِمَا»
✧ A man came to Adi b. Hatim and said: I have married a woman, so give me. He said: I will write for you a coat of mail and a helmet, and you will be given them. The man became displeased, so Adi swore that he would not give them to him. The man said: I had hoped you would give me a servant boy. He said: By Allah, they are dearer to me than two servant boys. The man said: Then write them for me. Adi said: Have I not heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: "When one of you swears an oath and then sees something better than it, let him do that which is better." I have not written them for you. He said: Then he wrote them for him.
al-Mustadrak (al-Hakim) 7825Sahih
عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ «أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ إِبِلًا فَفَرَّقَهَا» فَقَالَ أَبُو مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيُّ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ احْمِلْنِي قَالَ «لَا» فَقَالَ لَهُ ثَلَاثًا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «لَا أَفْعَلُ» قَالَ وَبَقِيَ أَرْبَعٌ غُرُّ الذُّرَى فَقَالَ «يَا أَبَا مُوسَى خُذْهُنَّ» فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي أَسْتَحِي سَأَلْتُكَ فَمَنَعْتَنِي وَحَلَفْتُ فَأَشْفَقْتُ أَنْ يَكُونَ دَخَلَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهْمٌ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «إِنِّي إِذَا حَلَفْتُ فَرَأَيْتُ أَنَّ غَيْرَ ذَلِكَ أَفْضَلُ كَفَّرْتُ عَنْ يَمِينِي وَأَتَيْتُ الَّذِي هُوَ أَفْضَلُ»
✧ On the authority of the Prophet ﷺ, he said: “Allah granted His Messenger camels as spoils, so he distributed them.” Abu Musa al-Ash'ari said, “O Messenger of Allah, give me a mount.” He said, “No.” He asked him three times, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, “I will not do it.” He said, “There remained four with white blazes on their humps.” He said, “O Abu Musa, take them.” He said, “O Messenger of Allah, I feel ashamed. I asked you and you refused me, and you swore an oath, and I feared that some doubt had entered the mind of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.” The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, “When I swear an oath and then see that something else is better, I expiate my oath and do what is better.”
al-Mustadrak (al-Hakim) 7826Sahih
كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِذَا حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ لَا يَحْنَثُ حَتَّى أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى كَفَّارَةَ الْيَمِينِ فَقَالَ «لَا أَحْلِفُ عَلَى يَمِينٍ فَأَرَى غَيْرَهَا خَيْرًا مِنْهَا إِلَّا كَفَّرْتُ عَنْ يَمِينٍ ثُمَّ أَتَيْتُ الَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ»
✧ Whenever the Messenger of Allah ﷺ swore an oath, he would not break it until Allah Almighty revealed the expiation for oaths, whereupon he said: “I do not swear an oath and then see something better than it without expiating my oath and then doing what is better.”
al-Mustadrak (al-Hakim) 7827No grade recorded
«مَنِ اسْتَلَجَّ فِي أَهْلِهِ بِيَمِينٍ فَهُوَ أَعْظَمُ إِثْمًا»
✧ “Whoever persists in an oath concerning his family is more sinful.”
al-Mustadrak (al-Hakim) 7828Sahih
«إِذَا اسْتَلَجَّ أَحَدُكُمْ بِالْيَمِينِ فِي أَهْلِهِ فَإِنَّهُ آثِمٌ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ مِنَ الْكَفَّارَةِ الَّتِي أُمِرَ بِهَا»
✧ “When one of you persists in an oath concerning his family, it is more sinful in the sight of Allah than the expiation he has been commanded to give.”
al-Mustadrak (al-Hakim) 7829Sahih
جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ إِنَّ أُخْتِي حَلَفَتْ أَنْ تَمْشِيَ إِلَى الْبَيْتِ وَإِنَّهُ يَشُقُّ عَلَيْهَا الْمَشْيُ قَالَ «مُرْهَا فَتَرْكَبْ إِذَا لَمْ تَسْتَطِعْ أَنْ تَمْشِيَ فَمَا أَغْنَى اللَّهَ أَنْ يَشُقَّ عَلَى أُخْتِكَ»
✧ A man came to the Prophet ﷺ and said, “My sister has sworn to walk to the House, but walking is difficult for her.” He said, “Tell her to ride if she cannot walk. Allah has no need for your sister to suffer hardship.”
al-Mustadrak (al-Hakim) 7830Abu Dawud silent
فِي الرَّجُلِ يَحْلِفُ بِالْمَشْيِ فَيَعْجِزُ فَيَرْكَبُ قَالَ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ «يَحُجُّ مِنْ قَابِلٍ فَيَرْكَبُ مَا مَشْي وَيَمْشِي مَا رَكِبَ»
✧ Regarding a man who swears to walk and then becomes unable and rides, Ibn Abbas said: “He should perform Hajj the following year, riding the distance he walked and walking the distance he rode.”
al-Mustadrak (al-Hakim) 7831Sahih
أُهْدِيَ لِي لَحْمٌ فَأَمَرَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ أُهْدِيَ مِنْهُ لِزَيْنَبَ فَأَهْدَيْتُ لَهَا فَرَدَّتْهُ فَقَالَ «زِيدِيهَا» فَزِدْتُهَا فَرَدَّتْهُ فَقَالَ «أَقْسَمْتُ عَلَيْكِ أَلَا زِدْتِيهَا» فَزِدْتُهَا فَرَدَّتْهُ فَدَخَلَتْنِي غَيْرَةٌ فَقُلْتُ لَقَدْ أَهَانَتْكَ فَقَالَ «أَنْتِ وَهِيَ أَهْوَنُ عَلَى اللَّهِ مِنْ أَنْ يُهِينَنِي مِنْكُنَّ أَحَدٌ أُقْسِمُ لَا أَدْخُلُ عَلَيْكُنَّ شَهْرًا» فَغَابَ عَنَّا تِسْعًا وَعِشْرِينَ ثُمَّ دَخَلَ عَلَيْنَا مَسَاءَ الثَّلَاثِينَ فَقَالَتْ كُنْتُ حَلَفْتُ أَنْ لَا تَدْخُلَ شَهْرًا فَقَالَ «شَهْرٌ هَكَذَا وَشَهْرٌ هَكَذَا» وَفَرَّقَ بَيْنَ كَفَّيْهِ وَأَمْسَكَ فِي الثَّالِثَةِ الْإِبْهَامَ
✧ Some meat was given to me as a gift, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ordered me to send some of it to Zaynab. I sent it to her, but she returned it. He said, “Give her more.” I gave her more, but she returned it. He said, “I adjure you, will you not give her more?” I gave her more, but she returned it. Jealousy entered me, and I said, “She has humiliated you.” He said, “You and she are too insignificant in the sight of Allah for Him to humiliate me through any of you. I swear I will not enter upon you for a month.” He stayed away from us for twenty-nine days, then entered upon us on the evening of the thirtieth. She said, “You swore not to enter for a month.” He said, “A month is like this, and a month is like this,” and he spread his hands apart, and in the third he held back his thumb.
al-Mustadrak (al-Hakim) 7832Sahih
مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ ثُمَّ قَالَ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ فَإِنَّ لَهُ ثُنْيَاهُ
✧ Whoever swears an oath and then says, “If Allah wills,” has his exception.
al-Mustadrak (al-Hakim) 7833Sahih
«إِذَا حَلَفَ الرَّجُلُ عَلَى يَمِينٍ فَلَهُ أَنْ يَسْتَثْنِيَ وَلَوْ إِلَى سَنَةٍ» وَإِنَّمَا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ فِي هَذَا {وَاذْكُرْ رَبَّكَ إِذَا نَسِيتَ} [الكهف 24] قَالَ «إِذَا ذَكَرَ اسْتَثْنَى» قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُسْهِرٍ «وَكَانَ الْأَعْمَشُ يَأْخُذُ بِهَا»
✧ “When a man swears an oath, he may make an exception even up to a year.” This verse was revealed concerning this: {And remember your Lord when you forget} [Al-Kahf 24]. He said: “When he remembers, he makes the exception.” Ali b. Mushir said: “Al-A'mash used to act upon it.”
al-Mustadrak (al-Hakim) 7834No grade recorded
«يَمِينُكَ عَلَى مَا يُصَدِّقُكَ بِهِ صَاحِبُكَ»
✧ “Your oath is according to what your companion believes you by.”
al-Mustadrak (al-Hakim) 7835No grade recorded
«الْحَلِفُ حَنِثٌ أَوْ نَدَمٌ»
✧ “Swearing is either a sin or regret.”
al-Mustadrak (al-Hakim) 7836Abu Dawud silent
«إِنَّمَا الْيَمِينُ مَأْثَمَةٌ أَوْ مَنْدَمَةٌ»
✧ “An oath is only a sin or a regret.”