15. Judgements
Jami' at-Tirmidhi 1322aNo grade recorded
لاِبْنِ عُمَرَ اذْهَبْ فَاقْضِ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ قَالَ أَوَتُعَافِينِي يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ قَالَ وَمَا تَكْرَهُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ وَقَدْ كَانَ أَبُوكَ يَقْضِي قَالَ إِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ مَنْ كَانَ قَاضِيًا فَقَضَى بِالْعَدْلِ فَبِالْحَرِيِّ أَنْ يَنْقَلِبَ مِنْهُ كَفَافًا فَمَا أَرْجُو بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ
"Go and judge between the people." So he said: "Perhaps you can excuse me (from that) O Commander of the Believers!" He said: "Why do you have an aversion for that when your father judged?" He said: "I heard the Messenger of Allah saying: 'Whoever was a judge and judged with justice, it still would have been better for him to have turned away from it completely.' What do I want after that?'" (Daif).
Jami' at-Tirmidhi 1322bNo grade recorded
الْقُضَاةُ ثَلاَثَةٌ قَاضِيَانِ فِي النَّارِ وَقَاضٍ فِي الْجَنَّةِ رَجُلٌ قَضَى بِغَيْرِ الْحَقِّ فَعَلِمَ ذَاكَ فَذَاكَ فِي النَّارِ وَقَاضٍ لاَ يَعْلَمُ فَأَهْلَكَ حُقُوقَ النَّاسِ فَهُوَ فِي النَّارِ وَقَاضٍ قَضَى بِالْحَقِّ فَذَلِكَ فِي الْجَنَّةِ
"The judges are three: Two judges that are in the Fire, and a judge that is in Paradise. A man who judges without the truth, and he knows that. This one is in the Fire. One who judges while not knowing, ruining the rights of the people. So he is in the Fire. A judge who judges with the truth, that is the one in Paradise."] (Daif)
مَنْ سَأَلَ الْقَضَاءَ وُكِلَ إِلَى نَفْسِهِ وَمَنْ أُجْبِرَ عَلَيْهِ يُنْزِلُ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ مَلَكًا فَيُسَدِّدُهُ
"Whoever asks for a position as a judge, then he left on his own. And whoever is forced onto it, Allah sends an angel down to him so that he can be correct." (Daif)
مَنِ ابْتَغَى الْقَضَاءَ وَسَأَلَ فِيهِ شُفَعَاءَ وُكِلَ إِلَى نَفْسِهِ وَمَنْ أُكْرِهَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ مَلَكًا يُسَدِّدُهُ
"Whoever seeks to be a judge, and asks others to intercede for him with it, then he will be left on his own. And whoever is coerced into it, Allah sends an angel down to him so that he can be correct." (Daif)
Jami' at-Tirmidhi 1325Hasan or sahih
مَنْ وَلِيَ الْقَضَاءَ أَوْ جُعِلَ قَاضِيًا بَيْنَ النَّاسِ فَقَدْ ذُبِحَ بِغَيْرِ سِكِّينٍ
"Whoever takes the responsibility of judge, or is appointed as judge between the people, then he has been slaughtered without a knife."
إِذَا حَكَمَ الْحَاكِمُ فَاجْتَهَدَ فَأَصَابَ فَلَهُ أَجْرَانِ وَإِذَا حَكَمَ فَأَخْطَأَ فَلَهُ أَجْرٌ وَاحِدٌ
"When the judge passes a judgement in which he strived and was correct, then he receives two rewards. And when he judges and is mistaken, then he receives one reward."
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَعَثَ مُعَاذًا إِلَى الْيَمَنِ، فَقَالَ: «كَيْفَ تَقْضِي؟» فَقَالَ: «أَقْضِي بِمَا فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ». قَالَ: «فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ؟» قَالَ: «فَبِسُنَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ». قَالَ: «فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي سُنَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ؟» قَالَ: «أَجْتَهِدُ رَأْيِي». قَالَ: «الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي وَفَّقَ رَسُولَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ».
✧ The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent Muadh to Yemen and said, "How will you judge?" He replied, "I will judge according to what is in the Book of Allah." He said, "What if it is not in the Book of Allah?" He replied, "Then according to the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ." He said, "What if it is not in the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ?" He replied, "I will exercise my own judgment." He said, "Praise be to Allah, who has guided the messenger of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ."
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ قَالاَ حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ عَنْ أَبِي عَوْنٍ عَنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو ابْنُ أَخٍ لِلْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ شُعْبَةَ عَنْ أُنَاسٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ حِمْصٍ عَنْ مُعَاذٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ نَحْوَهُ
(Another chain of narrators) from some people from the inhabitants of Hims, from Mu'adh, from the Prophet ﷺ, with similar.
إِنَّ أَحَبَّ النَّاسِ إِلَى اللَّهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَأَدْنَاهُمْ مِنْهُ مَجْلِسًا إِمَامٌ عَادِلٌ وَأَبْغَضَ النَّاسِ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَأَبْعَدَهُمْ مِنْهُ مَجْلِسًا إِمَامٌ جَائِرٌ
"Indeed, the most beloved of people to Allah on the Day of Judgement, and the nearest to Him in the status is the just Imam. And the most hated of people to Allah and the furthest from Him in status is the oppressive Imam."
إِنَّ اللَّهَ مَعَ الْقَاضِي مَا لَمْ يَجُرْ فَإِذَا جَارَ تَخَلَّى عَنْهُ وَلَزِمَهُ الشَّيْطَانُ
"[Indeed] Allah is with the judge as long as he is not unjust. So when he is unjust, He leaves him and he is attended by Shaitan."
Jami' at-Tirmidhi 1331Graders disagree
إِذَا تَقَاضَى إِلَيْكَ رَجُلاَنِ فَلاَ تَقْضِ لِلأَوَّلِ حَتَّى تَسْمَعَ كَلاَمَ الآخَرِ فَسَوْفَ تَدْرِي كَيْفَ تَقْضِي قَالَ عَلِيٌّ فَمَا زِلْتُ قَاضِيًا بَعْدُ
"The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to me: 'When two men come to you seeking judgement, do not judge for the first until you have heard the statement of the other. Soon you will know how to judge.'" 'Ali said: "I did not err since then."
Jami' at-Tirmidhi 1332Hasan or sahih
مَا مِنْ إِمَامٍ يُغْلِقُ بَابَهُ دُونَ ذَوِي الْحَاجَةِ وَالْخَلَّةِ وَالْمَسْكَنَةِ إِلاَّ أَغْلَقَ اللَّهُ أَبْوَابَ السَّمَاءِ دُونَ خَلَّتِهِ وَحَاجَتِهِ وَمَسْكَنَتِهِ فَجَعَلَ مُعَاوِيَةُ رَجُلاً عَلَى حَوَائِجِ النَّاسِ
"I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ saying: 'No Imam closes his door on one in need, dire straits and poverty, except that Allah closes the gates of the Heavens from his dire straits, his needs, and his poverty.' So Mu'awiyah appointed a man to look after the needs of the people."
حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ حَمْزَةَ عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُخَيْمِرَةَ عَنْ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ صَاحِبِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ نَحْوَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ بِمَعْنَاهُ وَيَزِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ شَامِيٌّ وَبُرَيْدُ بْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ كُوفِيٌّ وَأَبُو مَرْيَمَ هُوَ عَمْرُو بْنُ مُرَّةَ الْجُهَنِيُّ
(Another chain) from Abu Maryam the Companion of the Prophet ﷺ, from the Prophet ﷺ.
Jami' at-Tirmidhi 1334Hasan or sahih
كَتَبَ أَبِي إِلَى عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ وَهُوَ قَاضٍ أَنْ لاَ تَحْكُمْ بَيْنَ اثْنَيْنِ وَأَنْتَ غَضْبَانُ فَإِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ لاَ يَحْكُمُ الْحَاكِمُ بَيْنَ اثْنَيْنِ وَهُوَ غَضْبَانُ
"My father wrote to 'Ubaidullah bin Abi Bakrah who was a judge: "Do not pass a judgement between two people while you are angry, for indeed I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ saying: 'The judge should not judge between two people while he is angry.'"
بَعَثَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى الْيَمَنِ فَلَمَّا سِرْتُ أَرْسَلَ فِي أَثَرِي فَرُدِدْتُ فَقَالَ أَتَدْرِي لِمَ بَعَثْتُ إِلَيْكَ لاَ تُصِيبَنَّ شَيْئًا بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِي فَإِنَّهُ غُلُولٌ وَمَنْ يَغْلُلْ يَأْتِ بِمَا غَلَّ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ لِهَذَا دَعَوْتُكَ فَامْضِ لِعَمَلِكَ
"The Messenger of Allah ﷺ dispatched me to Yemen. When I had left, he sent a message after me, so I returned and he said: 'Do you know why I sent a message to you ? Do not take anything without my permission, for that will be Ghulul, and whoever commits Ghulul, he comes with what he took on the Day of Judgement. This is why I called you, so now go and do your job.'"
Jami' at-Tirmidhi 1336Hasan or sahih
لَعَنَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الرَّاشِي وَالْمُرْتَشِي فِي الْحُكْمِ
"The Messenger of Allah ﷺ cursed the one who bribes and the one who takes a bribe for a judgement."
Jami' at-Tirmidhi 1337Hasan or sahih
لَعَنَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الرَّاشِي وَالْمُرْتَشِي
"The Messenger of Allah ﷺ cursed the one who bribes and the one who takes a bribe."
Jami' at-Tirmidhi 1338Hasan or sahih
لَوْ أُهْدِيَ إِلَىَّ كُرَاعٌ لَقَبِلْتُ وَلَوْ دُعِيتُ عَلَيْهِ لأَجَبْتُ
"If trotter (lacking meat) were given to me I would accept it, and if I was invited to (a meal of) it I would accept."
Jami' at-Tirmidhi 1339Hasan or sahih
إِنَّكُمْ تَخْتَصِمُونَ إِلَىَّ وَإِنَّمَا أَنَا بَشَرٌ وَلَعَلَّ بَعْضَكُمْ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَلْحَنَ بِحُجَّتِهِ مِنْ بَعْضٍ فَإِنْ قَضَيْتُ لأَحَدٍ مِنْكُمْ بِشَيْءٍ مِنْ حَقِّ أَخِيهِ فَإِنَّمَا أَقْطَعُ لَهُ قِطْعَةً مِنَ النَّارِ فَلاَ يَأْخُذْ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا
"Indeed you come to me with your disputes, and I am only a human being, perhaps one of you is more eloquent at presenting his argument than the other. If I judge for one of you, giving him something from the rights of his brother, then it is only a piece of the Fire that I am giving him, so do not take anything from it."
Jami' at-Tirmidhi 1340Hasan or sahih
جَاءَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ حَضْرَمَوْتَ وَرَجُلٌ مِنْ كِنْدَةَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ الْحَضْرَمِيُّ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ هَذَا غَلَبَنِي عَلَى أَرْضٍ لِي فَقَالَ الْكِنْدِيُّ هِيَ أَرْضِي وَفِي يَدِي لَيْسَ لَهُ فِيهَا حَقٌّ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ لِلْحَضْرَمِيِّ أَلَكَ بَيِّنَةٌ قَالَ لاَ قَالَ فَلَكَ يَمِينُهُ قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ فَاجِرٌ لاَ يُبَالِي عَلَى مَا حَلَفَ عَلَيْهِ وَلَيْسَ يَتَوَرَّعُ مِنْ شَيْءٍ قَالَ لَيْسَ لَكَ مِنْهُ إِلاَّ ذَلِكَ قَالَ فَانْطَلَقَ الرَّجُلُ لِيَحْلِفَ لَهُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَمَّا أَدْبَرَ لَئِنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى مَالِكَ لِيَأْكُلَهُ ظُلْمًا لَيَلْقَيَنَّ اللَّهَ وَهُوَ عَنْهُ مُعْرِضٌ
"A man from Hadramawt and a man from Kindah came to the Prophet ﷺ. The Hadrami said: 'O Messenger of Allah! This person took some land of mine.' The Kindi said:'It is my land, It is in my possession, and he has no right to it.' So the Prophet ﷺ said to the Hadrami:'Do you have proof?' He said: 'No.' He said: 'Then you will have the oath.' He said: 'O Messenger of Allah! This man is a liar, it makes not difference what he takes an oath for, he is not ashamed of doing anything!' He said: 'There is nothing you deserve from him except that.' He said: So the man was left to take an oath for it, and in the meantime, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: 'If he takes an oath [for your property] to wrongfully consume it, He will meet Allah while He is angry with him."
الْبَيِّنَةُ عَلَى الْمُدَّعِي وَالْيَمِينُ عَلَى الْمُدَّعَى عَلَيْهِ
"The proof is due from the claimant, and the oath is due from the one the claim is made against."
Jami' at-Tirmidhi 1342Hasan or sahih
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَضَى أَنَّ الْيَمِينَ عَلَى الْمُدَّعَى عَلَيْهِ
Ibn 'Abbas narrated that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ judged that the oath is due from the one the claim is made against.
قَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ الْوَاحِدِ
"The Messenger of Allah ﷺ passed judgement based on an oath along with one witness." Rabi'ah (one of the narrators) said: "A son of Ibn Sa'd bin 'Ubadah informed me saying: 'We found in a book of Sa'd that the Prophet ﷺ passed judgement based on an oath along with a witness.'"
أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَضَى بِالْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ
"The Prophet ﷺ passed judgement based on oath along with a witness."
أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَضَى بِالْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ الْوَاحِدِ
"The Prophet ﷺ passed judgement based on an oath along with one witness." He said: "And 'Ali judged between you based on it."
Jami' at-Tirmidhi 1346Hasan or sahih
مَنْ أَعْتَقَ نَصِيبًا أَوْ قَالَ شِقْصًا أَوْ قَالَ شِرْكًا لَهُ فِي عَبْدٍ فَكَانَ لَهُ مِنَ الْمَالِ مَا يَبْلُغُ ثَمَنَهُ بِقِيمَةِ الْعَدْلِ فَهُوَ عَتِيقٌ وَإِلاَّ فَقَدْ عَتَقَ مِنْهُ مَا عَتَقَ
"Whoever frees a portion" or, he said: "a part" or he said: "a share he owns of a slave, then he can afford the remainder of the price according to the reasonable price, then he will be free. Otherwise he has freed as much as he has freed (only)." Ayyub (one of the narrators) said: "Perhaps Nafi said in this Hadith: 'Meaning he has freed as much of him as he has freed.'"
مَنْ أَعْتَقَ نَصِيبًا لَهُ فِي عَبْدٍ فَكَانَ لَهُ مِنَ الْمَالِ مَا يَبْلُغُ ثَمَنَهُ فَهُوَ عَتِيقٌ مِنْ مَالِهِ
"Whoever frees a portion of a slave he owns, then he can afford the remainder of the price, then he should free him with his wealth."
Jami' at-Tirmidhi 1348Hasan or sahih
مَنْ أَعْتَقَ نَصِيبًا أَوْ قَالَ شِقْصًا فِي مَمْلُوكٍ فَخَلاَصُهُ فِي مَالِهِ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ مَالٌ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَالٌ قُوِّمَ قِيمَةَ عَدْلٍ ثُمَّ يُسْتَسْعَى فِي نَصِيبِ الَّذِي لَمْ يُعْتِقْ غَيْرَ مَشْقُوقٍ عَلَيْهِ
"Whoever frees a portion" or he said: "a part of a slave, then he should finish paying his price if he can afford it. If he can not afford to pay reasonable price then he should be allowed to work to earn the amount that will free him without overburdening him." (Another chain) similar, and he said: "a part".
الْعُمْرَى جَائِزَةٌ لأَهْلِهَا أَوْ مِيرَاثٌ لأَهْلِهَا
"The lifelong gift is permitted for its inhabitant" or:"is an inheritance for its inhabitant."
Jami' at-Tirmidhi 1350Graders disagree
أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ أُعْمِرَ عُمْرَى لَهُ وَلِعَقِبِهِ فَإِنَّهَا لِلَّذِي يُعْطَاهَا لاَ تَرْجِعُ إِلَى الَّذِي أَعْطَاهَا لأَنَّهُ أَعْطَى عَطَاءً وَقَعَتْ فِيهِ الْمَوَارِيثُ
"Whichever man is given a lifelong gift for himself and his offspring, then it belongs to the one whom it was given, it does not return to the one who gave it, for he has given a gift which shall be included in the inheritance."
الْعُمْرَى جَائِزَةٌ لأَهْلِهَا وَالرُّقْبَى جَائِزَةٌ لأَهْلِهَا
"The lifelong gift is permitted for its inhabitant, and the Ruqba is permitted for its inhabitant."
Jami' at-Tirmidhi 1352Hasan or sahih
الصُّلْحُ جَائِزٌ بَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ إِلاَّ صُلْحًا حَرَّمَ حَلاَلاً أَوْ أَحَلَّ حَرَامًا وَالْمُسْلِمُونَ عَلَى شُرُوطِهِمْ إِلاَّ شَرْطًا حَرَّمَ حَلاَلاً أَوْ أَحَلَّ حَرَامًا
"Reconciliation is allowed among the Muslims, except for reconciliation that makes the lawful unlawful, or the unlawful lawful. And the Muslims will be held to their conditions, except the conditions that make the lawful unlawful, or the unlawful lawful."
Jami' at-Tirmidhi 1353Hasan or sahih
إِذَا اسْتَأْذَنَ أَحَدَكُمْ جَارُهُ أَنْ يَغْرِزَ خَشَبَةً فِي جِدَارِهِ فَلاَ يَمْنَعْهُ فَلَمَّا حَدَّثَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ طَأْطَئُوا رُءُوسَهُمْ فَقَالَ مَا لِي أَرَاكُمْ عَنْهَا مُعْرِضِينَ وَاللَّهِ لأَرْمِيَنَّ بِهَا بَيْنَ أَكْتَافِكُمْ
“I heard him saying: ‘the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “When one of you seeks his neighbor’s permission to affix a wooden beam in his wall, then do not prevent him."' When Abu Hurairah narrated it, they tilted their heads, so he said: ‘Why do I see that you are averse to it? By Allah! I will continue to narrate it among you.'"
الْيَمِينُ عَلَى مَا يُصَدِّقُكَ بِهِ صَاحِبُكَ
“The oath is based upon what will make your companion believe you.” [Qutaibah (one of the narrators) said: “ What will make you believed by your companion”]
اجْعَلُوا الطَّرِيقَ سَبْعَةَ أَذْرُعٍ
“Make the road seven forearm lengths.”
Jami' at-Tirmidhi 1356Hasan or sahih
إِذَا تَشَاجَرْتُمْ فِي الطَّرِيقِ فَاجْعَلُوهُ سَبْعَةَ أَذْرُعٍ
"When you disagree over the road, then make it seven forearm lengths."
Jami' at-Tirmidhi 1357Hasan or sahih
أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ خَيَّرَ غُلاَمًا بَيْنَ أَبِيهِ وَأُمِّهِ
"The Prophet ﷺ gave a boy the choice between his father and his mother."
إِنَّ أَطْيَبَ مَا أَكَلْتُمْ مِنْ كَسْبِكُمْ وَإِنَّ أَوْلاَدَكُمْ مِنْ كَسْبِكُمْ
"Indeed the most wholesome of what you consume is from your earnings, and indeed your children are from your earnings."
Jami' at-Tirmidhi 1359Hasan or sahih
أَهْدَتْ بَعْضُ أَزْوَاجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ طَعَامًا فِي قَصْعَةٍ فَضَرَبَتْ عَائِشَةُ الْقَصْعَةَ بِيَدِهَا فَأَلْقَتْ مَا فِيهَا فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ طَعَامٌ بِطَعَامٍ وَإِنَاءٌ بِإِنَاءٍ
"One of the wives of the Prophet ﷺ gave the Prophet ﷺ some food in a bowl. Then 'Aishah broke the bowl with her hand, and discarded what was in it. So the Prophet ﷺ said: "Food for food and vessel for vessel."
أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ اسْتَعَارَ قَصْعَةً فَضَاعَتْ فَضَمِنَهَا لَهُمْ
Anas narrated that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ borrowed a bowl which broke, so he guaranteed (compensated) it for them.
Jami' at-Tirmidhi 1361Hasan or sahih
عُرِضْتُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي جَيْشٍ وَأَنَا ابْنُ أَرْبَعَ عَشْرَةَ فَلَمْ يَقْبَلْنِي فَعُرِضْتُ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ قَابِلٍ فِي جَيْشٍ وَأَنَا ابْنُ خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ فَقَبِلَنِي قَالَ نَافِعٌ وَحَدَّثْتُ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ عُمَرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ فَقَالَ هَذَا حَدُّ مَا بَيْنَ الصَّغِيرِ وَالْكَبِيرِ ثُمَّ كَتَبَ أَنْ يُفْرَضَ لِمَنْ يَبْلُغُ الْخَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ
that Ibn 'Umar said: "I was reviewed before the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in the army, and I was fourteen years old, but he did not accept me. Then I was reviewed before him in the army later while I was fifteen years old, and he accepted me." Nafi' said: "I narrated this Hadith to 'Uman bin 'Abdul Azeez and he said: 'This is the limit that distinguishes between childhood and adulthood.' Then he wrote to give salaries to whoever reached fifteen years old." (Another chain) from Nafi', from Ibn 'Umar from the Prophet ﷺ and it is similar, but he did not mention in it that 'Umar bin 'Abdul-'Aziz wrote that this is the limit that distinguishes between youth and childhood and adulthood. In his narration, Ibn 'Uyainah said (that Nafi' said): "I narrated it to 'Umar bin 'Abdul-'Aziz and he said: 'This is the limit that distinguishes between children and soldiers.'"
مَرَّ بِي خَالِي أَبُو بُرْدَةَ بْنُ نِيَارٍ وَمَعَهُ لِوَاءٌ فَقُلْتُ أَيْنَ تُرِيدُ قَالَ بَعَثَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةَ أَبِيهِ أَنْ آتِيَهُ بِرَأْسِهِ
"My maternal uncle Abu Burdah Ibn Niyar passed by me and he had a flag with him. I said: 'Where are you going ?' He said: 'the Messenger of Allah ﷺ dispatched me to a man who married a woman his father had married to: that I should bring him his head."
أَنَّ رَجُلاً مِنَ الأَنْصَارِ خَاصَمَ الزُّبَيْرَ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي شِرَاجِ الْحَرَّةِ الَّتِي يَسْقُونَ بِهَا النَّخْلَ فَقَالَ الأَنْصَارِيُّ سَرِّحِ الْمَاءَ يَمُرُّ فَأَبَى عَلَيْهِ فَاخْتَصَمُوا عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِلزُّبَيْرِ اسْقِ يَا زُبَيْرُ ثُمَّ أَرْسِلِ الْمَاءَ إِلَى جَارِكَ فَغَضِبَ الأَنْصَارِيُّ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَنْ كَانَ ابْنَ عَمَّتِكَ فَتَلَوَّنَ وَجْهُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ثُمَّ قَالَ يَا زُبَيْرُ اسْقِ ثُمَّ احْبِسِ الْمَاءَ حَتَّى يَرْجِعَ إِلَى الْجَدْرِ فَقَالَ الزُّبَيْرُ وَاللَّهِ إِنِّي لأَحْسِبُ نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الآيَةُ فِي ذَلِكَ (فَلاَ وَرَبِّكَ لاَ يُؤْمِنُونَ حَتَّى يُحَكِّمُوكَ فِيمَا شَجَرَ بَيْنَهُمْ )
"A man from the Ansar disputed with Az-Zubair before the Messenger of Allah ﷺ about the canals of Harrah which they used to irrigate the date palms. The Ansari said: 'Let the water pass'. But he refused, So they brought their dispute to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to Az-Zubair: 'O Zubair! Irrigate (your land) then let the water pass to you neighbor.' The Ansari became angry and said:'[O Messenger of Allah!] Is this because he is your aunt's son?' The face of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ changed color. Then he said: 'O Zubair! Irrigate (your land) and then withhold the water until it reaches the walls.' Az-Zubair said: 'By Allah! I think that this Ayah was revealed about that: But no, by your Lord, they can have no Faith until they make you (O Muhammad) judge in all disputes between them, and find in themselves no resistance against your decisions and accept (them) with full submission.'"
Jami' at-Tirmidhi 1364Hasan or sahih
أَنَّ رَجُلاً مِنَ الأَنْصَارِ أَعْتَقَ سِتَّةَ أَعْبُدٍ لَهُ عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَالٌ غَيْرُهُمْ فَبَلغَ ذَلِكَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَ لَهُ قَوْلاً شَدِيدًا ثُمَّ دَعَاهُمْ فَجَزَّأَهُمْ ثُمَّ أَقْرَعَ بَيْنَهُمْ فَأَعْتَقَ اثْنَيْنِ وَأَرَقَّ أَرْبَعَةً
"A Man from the Ansar freed six slaves of his upon his death, and he did not have any wealth aside from them. That was conveyed to the Prophet ﷺ, and he said some harsh words about him." He said: "Then he called for them and he divided them and had them draw lots. So he freed two of them and left four as slaves."
مَنْ مَلَكَ ذَا رَحِمٍ مَحْرَمٍ فَهُوَ حُرٌّ
"Whoever owns a related Mahram, then he is free."
مَنْ مَلَكَ ذَا رَحِمٍ مَحْرَمٍ فَهُوَ حُرٌّ
"Whoever owns a related Mahram, then he is free."
Jami' at-Tirmidhi 1366Graders disagree
مَنْ زَرَعَ فِي أَرْضِ قَوْمٍ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِهِمْ فَلَيْسَ لَهُ مِنَ الزَّرْعِ شَيْءٌ وَلَهُ نَفَقَتُهُ
that the Prophet ﷺ said: "Whoever farms a people's land without their permission, then nothing he farms belongs to him and its finances are due to him."
Jami' at-Tirmidhi 1367Hasan or sahih
أَنَّ أَبَاهُ نَحَلَ ابْنًا لَهُ غُلاَمًا فَأَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يُشْهِدُهُ فَقَالَ أَكُلَّ وَلَدِكَ نَحَلْتَهُ مِثْلَ مَا نَحَلْتَ هَذَا قَالَ لاَ قَالَ فَارْدُدْهُ
That his father gave a slave to a son of his. So he went to the Prophet ﷺ to have him witness it. He ﷺ said: 'Have you given a gift similar to this one to all of your sons?' He replied: 'No'. So he said: 'Then take him back.'"
Jami' at-Tirmidhi 1368Hasan or sahih
جَارُ الدَّارِ أَحَقُّ بِالدَّارِ
that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "The neighbor of a home has more right to the home."
Jami' at-Tirmidhi 1369Hasan or sahih
الْجَارُ أَحَقُّ بِشُفْعَتِهِ يُنْتَظَرُ بِهِ وَإِنْ كَانَ غَائِبًا إِذَا كَانَ طَرِيقُهُمَا وَاحِدًا
that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "The neighbor has more right to his preemption. He is to be waited for even if he is absent, when their paths are the same."
Jami' at-Tirmidhi 1370Hasan or sahih
إِذَا وَقَعَتِ الْحُدُودُ وَصُرِّفَتِ الطُّرُقُ فَلاَ شُفْعَةَ
that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "When the boundaries are defined and the streets are fixed, then there is no preemption."
Jami' at-Tirmidhi 1371Graders disagree
الشَّرِيكُ شَفِيعٌ وَالشُّفْعَةُ فِي كُلِّ شَيْءٍ
that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "The partner is the preemptor, and preemption is in everything."
Jami' at-Tirmidhi 1372Hasan or sahih
أَنَّ رَجُلاً سَأَلَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنِ اللُّقَطَةِ فَقَالَ عَرِّفْهَا سَنَةً ثُمَّ اعْرِفْ وِكَاءَهَا وَوِعَاءَهَا وَعِفَاصَهَا ثُمَّ اسْتَنْفِقْ بِهَا فَإِنْ جَاءَ رَبُّهَا فَأَدِّهَا إِلَيْهِ فَقَالَ لَهُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فَضَالَّةُ الْغَنَمِ فَقَالَ خُذْهَا فَإِنَّمَا هِيَ لَكَ أَوْ لأَخِيكَ أَوْ لِلذِّئْبِ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فَضَالَّةُ الإِبِلِ قَالَ فَغَضِبَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ حَتَّى احْمَرَّتْ وَجْنَتَاهُ أَوِ احْمَرَّ وَجْهُهُ فَقَالَ مَا لَكَ وَلَهَا مَعَهَا حِذَاؤُهَا وَسِقَاؤُهَا حَتَّى تَلْقَى رَبَّهَا
"A man asked the Messenger of Allah ﷺ about lost items. So he said: 'Make a public announcement about it for one year. Remember its string, its contained, and its sack. Then use it, and if its owner comes then give it to him.' So he said to him: 'O Messenger of Allah! What about the stray sheep?' He said:'Take it, for it is either for you, your brother, or the wolf.' He said: 'O Messenger of Allah! What about stray camel?'" He said: "Then the Prophet ﷺ got angry until his cheeks became red or his face became red. He said: 'What concern is it of yours? It has its feet and its water reserve until it reaches its owner.'"
Jami' at-Tirmidhi 1373Hasan or sahih
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ سُئِلَ عَنِ اللُّقَطَةِ فَقَالَ عَرِّفْهَا سَنَةً فَإِنِ اعْتُرِفَتْ فَأَدِّهَا وَإِلاَّ فَاعْرِفْ وِعَاءَهَا وَعِفَاصَهَا وَوِكَاءَهَا وَعَدَدَهَا ثُمَّ كُلْهَا فَإِذَا جَاءَ صَاحِبُهَا فَأَدِّهَا
"Make a public announcement about it for one year, if it is claimed then give it to him. Otherwise remember its sack, string, and its count. Then use it, and if its owner comes, give it to him."
Jami' at-Tirmidhi 1374Hasan or sahih
خَرَجْتُ مَعَ زَيْدِ بْنِ صُوحَانَ وَسَلْمَانَ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ فَوَجَدْتُ سَوْطًا قَالَ ابْنُ نُمَيْرٍ فِي حَدِيثِهِ فَالْتَقَطْتُ سَوْطًا فَأَخَذْتُهُ قَالاَ دَعْهُ فَقُلْتُ لاَ أَدَعُهُ تَأْكُلُهُ السِّبَاعُ لآخُذَنَّهُ فَلأَسْتَمْتِعَنَّ بِهِ فَقَدِمْتُ عَلَى أُبَىِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ فَسَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ وَحَدَّثْتُهُ الْحَدِيثَ فَقَالَ أَحْسَنْتَ أَنَا وَجَدْتُ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ صُرَّةً فِيهَا مِائَةُ دِينَارٍ قَالَ فَأَتَيْتُهُ بِهَا فَقَالَ لِي عَرِّفْهَا حَوْلاً فَعَرَّفْتُهَا حَوْلاً فَمَا أَجِدُ مَنْ يَعْرِفُهَا ثُمَّ أَتَيْتُهُ بِهَا فَقَالَ عَرِّفْهَا حَوْلاً آخَرَ فَعَرَّفْتُهَا ثُمَّ أَتَيْتُهُ بِهَا فَقَالَ عَرِّفْهَا حَوْلاً آخَرَ وَقَالَ أَحْصِ عِدَّتَهَا وَوِعَاءَهَا وَوِكَاءَهَا فَإِنْ جَاءَ طَالِبُهَا فَأَخْبَرَكَ بِعِدَّتِهَا وَوِعَائِهَا وَوِكَائِهَا فَادْفَعْهَا إِلَيْهِ وَإِلاَّ فَاسْتَمْتِعْ بِهَا
"I went out with Zaid bin Suhan and Salman bin Rabi'ah, and found a whip." In his narration Ibn Numair (one of the narrators) said: "I found a lost whip and took it. They said: 'Leave it'. I said: 'I will not leave it to be eaten by predators. I will take it to make use of it.' So I met up with Ubayy bin Ka'b and asked him about that. So he narrated the Hadith, he said: 'That is fine. I found a sack containing one hundred Dinar during the lifetime of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ' He said: 'So I brought it to him. He said to me: "Make a public announcement about it for one year." So I announced it for a year but did not find anyone to claim it. Then I brought it to him. He said to me: "Make a public announcement about it for another year." So I announced it for a year but did not find anyone to claim it. Then I brought it to him. He said: "Make a public announcement about if for another year." And he said: "Remember its amount, its container and its string. If someone comes seeking it and informs you of its amount and its string, then give it to him, otherwise use it."
Jami' at-Tirmidhi 1375Hasan or sahih
أَصَابَ عُمَرُ أَرْضًا بِخَيْبَرَ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَصَبْتُ مَالاً بِخَيْبَرَ لَمْ أُصِبْ مَالاً قَطُّ أَنْفَسَ عِنْدِي مِنْهُ فَمَا تَأْمُرُنِي قَالَ إِنْ شِئْتَ حَبَسْتَ أَصْلَهَا وَتَصَدَّقْتَ بِهَا فَتَصَدَّقَ بِهَا عُمَرُ أَنَّهَا لاَ يُبَاعُ أَصْلُهَا وَلاَ يُوهَبُ وَلاَ يُورَثُ تَصَدَّقَ بِهَا فِي الْفُقَرَاءِ وَالْقُرْبَى وَفِي الرِّقَابِ وَفِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ وَالضَّيْفِ لاَ جُنَاحَ عَلَى مَنْ وَلِيَهَا أَنْ يَأْكُلَ مِنْهَا بِالْمَعْرُوفِ أَوْ يُطْعِمَ صَدِيقًا غَيْرَ مُتَمَوِّلٍ فِيهِ
"Umar got some land from Khaibar and said: 'O Messenger of Allah! I got some wealth from Khaibar and I never ever had any wealth as plentiful as it, so what do you order me (to do with it)?' He said: 'If you wish, make it a grant and give charity from it.' So 'Umar gave it in charity: That is not to be sold entirely, nor given away, nor inherited, to be used to produce charity for the needy, those who are near it, for freeing slaves, for the cause of Allah, the wayfarer, the guest, and that there is no harm on its custodian consuming what is customary from it, or eating from its charity, without trying to amass wealth from it."
Jami' at-Tirmidhi 1376Hasan or sahih
إِذَا مَاتَ الإِنْسَانُ انْقَطَعَ عَمَلُهُ إِلاَّ مِنْ ثَلاَثٍ صَدَقَةٌ جَارِيَةٌ وَعِلْمٌ يُنْتَفَعُ بِهِ وَوَلَدٌ صَالِحٌ يَدْعُو لَهُ
"When a person dies, his deeds are cut off except for three: Continuing charity, knowledge that others benefited from, and a righteous son who supplicates for him."
Jami' at-Tirmidhi 1377Hasan or sahih
الْعَجْمَاءُ جُرْحُهَا جُبَارٌ وَالْبِئْرُ جُبَارٌ وَالْمَعْدِنُ جُبَارٌ وَفِي الرِّكَازِ الْخُمُسُ
that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "The injuries caused by the animal are without liability, and wells are without liability, and mines are without liability, and the Khumus is due on Rikaz." (Another Chain) from Abu Hurairah, from the Prophet ﷺ with similar meaning.
Jami' at-Tirmidhi 1378Graders disagree
مَنْ أَحْيَى أَرْضًا مَيِّتَةً فَهِيَ لَهُ وَلَيْسَ لِعِرْقِ ظَالِمٍ حَقٌّ
that the Prophet ﷺ said: "Whoever revives a barren land then it is for him, and there is no right for the unjust root."
Jami' at-Tirmidhi 1379Hasan or sahih
مَنْ أَحْيَا أَرْضًا مَيِّتَةً فَهِيَ لَهُ
that the Prophet ﷺ said: "Whoever revives a barren land, then it is for him."
وَفَدَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَاسْتَقْطَعَهُ الْمِلْحَ فَقَطَعَ لَهُ فَلَمَّا أَنْ وَلَّى قَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْمَجْلِسِ أَتَدْرِي مَا قَطَعْتَ لَهُ إِنَّمَا قَطَعْتَ لَهُ الْمَاءَ الْعِدَّ قَالَ فَانْتَزَعَهُ مِنْهُ قَالَ وَسَأَلَهُ عَمَّا يُحْمَى مِنَ الأَرَاكِ قَالَ مَا لَمْ تَنَلْهُ خِفَافُ الإِبِلِ
that Abyad bin Hammal visited the Messenger of Allah ﷺ who asked him to set aside a reserve of salt(a mine). So he reserved it for him. As he was turning away, a man in the gathering said: "Do you know what you reserved for him ? You merely reserved stagnant water for him." He (Shumair) said: "So he left him." He (Shumair) said: "So he asked him (the Prophet ﷺ) about making a private pasture of Arak (a type of tree)." He said: "As long as it is not harmed by the hooves of the camels." So I (At-Tirmidhi) recited that before Qutaibah and he said: "Yes". (Another chain) with similar meaning.
Jami' at-Tirmidhi 1381Hasan or sahih
أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَقْطَعَهُ أَرْضًا بِحَضْرَمَوْتَ
from his father that the Prophet ﷺ set aside a land reserve for him in Hadramawt. (One of the narrators added): "And he sent Mu'awiyah with him to reserve it for him."
Jami' at-Tirmidhi 1382Hasan or sahih
مَا مِنْ مُسْلِمٍ يَغْرِسُ غَرْسًا أَوْ يَزْرَعُ زَرْعًا فَيَأْكُلُ مِنْهُ إِنْسَانٌ أَوْ طَيْرٌ أَوْ بَهِيمَةٌ إِلاَّ كَانَتْ لَهُ صَدَقَةٌ
that the Prophet ﷺ said: "No Muslim plants a plant or sows a crop, then a person, or a bird, or an animal eats from it, except that it will be charity for him."
Jami' at-Tirmidhi 1383Hasan or sahih
أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ عَامَلَ أَهْلَ خَيْبَرَ بِشَطْرِ مَا يَخْرُجُ مِنْهَا مِنْ ثَمَرٍ أَوْ زَرْعٍ
"The Prophet ﷺ made a deal with the people of Khaibar for half of what was produced from it, whether fruits or crops."
Jami' at-Tirmidhi 1384Graders disagree
نَهَانَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ أَمْرٍ كَانَ لَنَا نَافِعًا إِذَا كَانَتْ لأَحَدِنَا أَرْضٌ أَنْ يُعْطِيَهَا بِبَعْضِ خَرَاجِهَا أَوْ بِدَرَاهِمَ وَقَالَ إِذَا كَانَتْ لأَحَدِكُمْ أَرْضٌ فَلْيَمْنَحْهَا أَخَاهُ أَوْ لِيَزْرَعْهَا
"The Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade us from a matter that was of benefit for us. When one of us had some land and we would let someone use it for a portion of its produce or some Dirham. He said: 'When one of you has some land then let him grant it to his brother, or let him farm it.'"
Jami' at-Tirmidhi 1385Hasan or sahih
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَمْ يُحَرِّمِ الْمُزَارَعَةَ وَلَكِنْ أَمَرَ أَنْ يَرْفُقَ بَعْضُهُمْ بِبَعْضٍ
"The Messenger of Allah ﷺ did not prohibit share-cropping. But he ordered that they be helpful with each other."