31. Business Transactions

No. 31-1–31-103

1. Muwatta' Malik 1290Hasan atau shahih

   نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ الْعُرْبَانِ

   Yahya related to me from Malik from a reliable source from Amr ibn Shuayb from his father from his father's father that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade transactions in which nonrefundable deposits were paid. Malik said, "That is, in our opinion, but Allah knows best, that for instance, a man buys a slave or slave-girl or rents an animal and then says to the person from whom he bought the slave or leased the animal, 'I will give you a dinar or a dirham or whatever on the condition that if I actually take the goods or ride what I have rented from you, then what I have given you already goes towards payment of the goods or hire of the animal. If I do not purchase the goods or hire the animal, then what I have given you is yours without liability on your part.' " Malik said, "According to the way of doing things with us there is nothing wrong in bartering an arabic speaking merchant slave for abyssinian slaves or any other type that are not his equal in eloquence, trading, shrewdness, and know-how. There is nothing wrong in bartering one slave like this for two or more other slaves with a stated delay in the terms if he is clearly different. If there is no appreciable difference between the slaves, two should not be bartered for one with a stated delay in the terms even if their racial type is different." Malik said, "There is nothing wrong in selling what has been bought in such a transaction before taking possession of all of it as long as you receive the price for it from some one other than the original owner." Malik said, "An addition to the price must not be made for a foetus in the womb of its mother when she is sold because that is gharar (an uncertain transaction). It is not known whether the child will be male or female, good-looking or ugly, normal or handicapped, alive or dead. All these things will affect the price." Malik said that in a transaction where a slave or slave-girl was bought for one hundred dinars with a stated credit period that if the seller regretted the sale there was nothing wrong in him asking the buyer to revoke it for ten dinars which he would pay him immediately or after a period and he would forgo his right to the hundred dinars which he was owed. Malik said, "However, if the buyer regrets and asks the seller to revoke the sale of a slave or slave-girl in consideration of which he will pay an extra ten dinars immediately or on credit terms, extended beyond the original term, that should not be done. It is disapproved of because it is as if, for instance, the seller is buying the one hundred dinars which is not yet due on a year's credit term before the year expires for a slave-girl and ten dinars to be paid immediately or on credit term longer than the year. This falls into the category of selling gold for gold when delayed terms enter into it." Malik said that it was not proper for a man to sell a slave-girl to another man for one hundred dinars on credit and then to buy her back for more than the original price or on a credit term longer than the original term for which he sold her. To understand why that was disapproved of in that case, the example of a man who sold a slave-girl on credit and then bought her back on a credit term longer than the original term was looked at. He might have sold her for thirty dinars with a month to pay and then buy her back for sixty dinars with a year or half a year to pay. The outcome would only be that his goods would have returned to him just like they were and the other party would have given him thirty dinars on a month's credit against sixty dinars on a year or half a year's credit. That was not to be done.

2. Muwatta' Malik 1291Shahih

   «مَن باعَ عَبْدًا، ولَهُ مالٌ، فَمالُهُ لِلْبائِعِ، إلّا أنْ يَشْتَرِطَهُ المُبْتاعُ»

   Telah menceritakan kepadaku Yahya dari Malik dari [Nafi'] dari [Abdullah bin Umar] bahwa [Umar bin Khattab] berkata; "Barangsiapa menjual budak, dan budak tersebut mempunyai harta benda, maka harta bendanya menjadi hak milik si penjual kecuali jika pembeli menjadikannya sebagai syarat

3. Muwatta' Malik 1292Shahih

   أَنَّ أَبَانَ بْنَ عُثْمَانَ وَهِشَامَ بْنَ إِسْمَاعِيلَ كَانَا يَذْكُرَانِ فِي خُطْبَتِهِمَا عُهْدَةَ الرَّقِيقِ فِي الأَيَّامِ الثَّلاَثَةِ مِنْ حِينِ يُشْتَرَى الْعَبْدُ أَوِ الْوَلِيدَةُ وَعُهْدَةَ السَّنَةِ

   Telah menceritakan kepadaku Yahya dari Malik dari [Abdullah bin Abu Bakar bin Muhammad bin 'Amru bin Hazm] bahwa [Abban bin 'Utsman] dan [Hisyam bin Isma'il] menyebutkan dalam khutbah mereka, "Jaminan atas budak adalah tiga hari; dari hari di mana seorang budak lelaki atau budak perempuan dibeli, dan jaminan setahun (jika budak tersebut dalam kategori gila)

4. Muwatta' Malik 1293Penilai berbeda pendapat

   تُقَامُ الْجَارِيَةُ الَّتِي كَانَتْ قِيمَةَ الْجَارِيَتَيْنِ فَيُنْظَرُ كَمْ ثَمَنُهَا ثُمَّ تُقَامُ الْجَارِيَتَانِ بِغَيْرِ الْعَيْبِ الَّذِي وُجِدَ بِإِحْدَاهُمَا تُقَامَانِ صَحِيحَتَيْنِ سَالِمَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ يُقْسَمُ ثَمَنُ الْجَارِيَةِ الَّتِي بِيعَتْ بِالْجَارِيَتَيْنِ عَلَيْهِمَا بِقَدْرِ ثَمَنِهِمَا حَتَّى يَقَعَ عَلَى كُلِّ وَاحِدَةٍ مِنْهُمَا حِصَّتُهَا مِنْ ذَلِكَ عَلَى الْمُرْتَفِعَةِ بِقَدْرِ ارْتِفَاعِهَا وَعَلَى الأُخْرَى بِقَدْرِهَا ثُمَّ يُنْظَرُ إِلَى الَّتِي بِهَا الْعَيْبُ فَيُرَدُّ بِقَدْرِ الَّذِي وَقَعَ عَلَيْهَا مِنْ تِلْكَ الْحِصَّةِ إِنْ كَانَتْ كَثِيرَةً أَوْ قَلِيلَةً وَإِنَّمَا تَكُونُ قِيمَةُ الْجَارِيَتَيْنِ عَلَيْهِ يَوْمَ قَبْضِهِمَا قَالَ مَالِكٌ فِي الرَّجُلِ يَشْتَرِي الْعَبْدَ فَيُؤَاجِرُهُ بِالإِجَارَةِ الْعَظِيمَةِ أَوِ الْغَلَّةِ الْقَلِيلَةِ ثُمَّ يَجِدُ بِهِ عَيْبًا يُرَدُّ مِنْهُ إِنَّهُ يَرُدُّهُ بِذَلِكَ الْعَيْبِ وَتَكُونُ لَهُ إِجَارَتُهُ وَغَلَّتُهُ وَهَذَا الأَمْرُ الَّذِي كَانَتْ عَلَيْهِ الْجَمَاعَةُ بِبَلَدِنَا وَذَلِكَ لَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلاً ابْتَاعَ عَبْدًا فَبَنَى لَهُ دَارًا قِيمَةُ بِنَائِهَا ثَمَنُ الْعَبْدِ أَضْعَافًا ثُمَّ وَجَدَ بِهِ عَيْبًا يُرَدُّ مِنْهُ رَدَّهُ وَلاَ يُحْسَبُ لِلْعَبْدِ عَلَيْهِ إِجَارَةٌ فِيمَا عَمِلَ لَهُ فَكَذَلِكَ تَكُونُ لَهُ إِجَارَتُهُ إِذَا آجَرَهُ مِنْ غَيْرِهِ لأَنَّهُ ضَامِنٌ لَهُ وَهَذَا الأَمْرُ عِنْدَنَا قَالَ مَالِكٌ الأَمْرُ عِنْدَنَا فِيمَنِ ابْتَاعَ رَقِيقًا فِي صَفْقَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ فَوَجَدَ فِي ذَلِكَ الرَّقِيقِ عَبْدًا مَسْرُوقًا أَوْ وَجَدَ بِعَبْدٍ مِنْهُمْ عَيْبًا أَنَّهُ يُنْظَرُ فِيمَا وُجِدَ مَسْرُوقًا أَوْ وَجَدَ بِهِ عَيْبًا فَإِنْ كَانَ هُوَ وَجْهَ ذَلِكَ الرَّقِيقِ أَوْ أَكْثَرَهُ ثَمَنًا أَوْ مِنْ أَجْلِهِ اشْتَرَى وَهُوَ الَّذِي فِيهِ الْفَضْلُ فِيمَا يَرَى النَّاسُ كَانَ ذَلِكَ الْبَيْعُ مَرْدُودًا كُلُّهُ وَإِنْ كَانَ الَّذِي وُجِدَ مَسْرُوقًا أَوْ وُجِدَ بِهِ الْعَيْبُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الرَّقِيقِ فِي الشَّىْءِ الْيَسِيرِ مِنْهُ لَيْسَ هُوَ وَجْهَ ذَلِكَ الرَّقِيقِ وَلاَ مِنْ أَجْلِهِ اشْتُرِيَ وَلاَ فِيهِ الْفَضْلُ فِيمَا يَرَى النَّاسُ رُدَّ ذَلِكَ الَّذِي وُجِدَ بِهِ الْعَيْبُ أَوْ وُجِدَ مَسْرُوقًا بِعَيْنِهِ بِقَدْرِ قِيمَتِهِ مِنَ الثَّمَنِ الَّذِي اشْتَرَى بِهِ أُولَئِكَ الرَّقِيقَ

   Telah menceritakan kepadaku Yahya dari Malik dari [Yahya bin Sa'id] dari [Salim bin Abdullah] bahwa [Abdullah bin Umar] menjual budak lelakinya dengan harga delapan ratus dirham. Dia menjualnya dalam keadaan tidak ada cacat. Orang yang membeli budak darinya berkata; "Budak yang kamu jual kemarin ternyata ada cacatnya dan kamu tidak memberitahukannya kepadaku." Maka mereka berdua membawa perkara ini kepada khalifah Utsman bin Affan. Sang pembeli berkata; "Dia telah menjual budak kepadaku, sementara ada cacat padanya yang tidak ia beritahukan kepadaku." Abdullah bin Umar membantah, "Saya menjualnya dalam keadaan baik dan tidak ada cacat." Utsman bin 'Affan lalu memberi putusan; ia meminta Abdullah bin Umar untuk bersumpah bahwa dia telah menjual seorang budak dalam keadaan tidak cacat. Namun Abdullah bin Umar menolak dan tidak mau bersumpah, sehingga budak itu dikembalikan lagi kepadanya. Dan ternyata budak tersebut kembali sembuh saat berada di sisinya, Abdullah menjual lantas menjualnya dengan harga seribu lima ratus dirham

5. Muwatta' Malik 1294Penilai berbeda pendapat

   أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ مَسْعُودٍ ابْتَاعَ جَارِيَةً مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ زَيْنَبَ الثَّقَفِيَّةِ وَاشْتَرَطَتْ عَلَيْهِ أَنَّكَ إِنْ بِعْتَهَا فَهِيَ لِي بِالثَّمَنِ الَّذِي تَبِيعُهَا بِهِ فَسَأَلَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ عَنْ ذَلِكَ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ لاَ تَقْرَبْهَا وَفِيهَا شَرْطٌ لأَحَدٍ

   Telah menceritakan kepadaku Yahya dari Malik dari [Ibnu Syihab] dari ['Ubaidullah bin Abdullah bin 'Utbah bin Mas'ud] ia mengabarkan kepadanya, bahwa Abdullah bin Mas'ud telah membeli budak perempuan dari isterinya, Zainab Ats Tsaqafiyah. Dan isterinya mengajukan syarat kepadanya, bahwa jika suatu saat dia menjualnya kembali berarti yang berhak membeli hanya (isterinya) dan dengan harga yang sama pula. Ibnu Mas'ud lalu menanyakan hal itu kepada Umar bin Khattab, [Umar] lalu menjawab; "Jangan kamu mendekati budak tersebut selama ia masih terikat dengan syarat seseorang

6. Muwatta' Malik 1295Shahih

   لاَ يَطَأُ الرَّجُلُ وَلِيدَةً إِلاَّ وَلِيدَةً إِنْ شَاءَ بَاعَهَا وَإِنْ شَاءَ وَهَبَهَا وَإِنْ شَاءَ أَمْسَكَهَا وَإِنْ شَاءَ صَنَعَ بِهَا مَا شَاءَ

   Telah menceritakan kepadaku dari Malik dari [Nafi'] dari [Abdullah bin Umar] ia berkata; "Janganlah seorang lelaki menyetubuhi budak perempuan kecuali budak perempuan yang jika kamu mau, maka kamu bisa menjualnya, atau menahannya, atau menghibahkannya, atau budak yang kamu bisa melakukan apa saja kepadanya

7. Muwatta' Malik 1296Penilai berbeda pendapat

   أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عَامِرٍ أَهْدَى لِعُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ جَارِيَةً وَلَهَا زَوْجٌ ابْتَاعَهَا بِالْبَصْرَةِ فَقَالَ عُثْمَانُ لاَ أَقْرَبُهَا حَتَّى يُفَارِقَهَا زَوْجُهَا فَأَرْضَى ابْنُ عَامِرٍ زَوْجَهَا فَفَارَقَهَا

   Telah menceritakan kepadaku Yahya dari Malik dari [Ibnu Syihab] bahwa Abdullah bin 'Amir menghadiahkan seorang budak wanita kepada [Utsman bin Affan]. Budak wanita itu mempunyai seorang suami yang telah membeli dirinya ketika di Bashrah. Utsman lalu berkata; "Saya tidak akan mendekatinya sampai suaminya menceraikannya." Lalu Ibnu 'Amir meminta suaminya agar merelakannya, maka (suaminya) akhirnya menceraikannya

8. Muwatta' Malik 1297Shahih

   أَنَّ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ عَوْفٍ ابْتَاعَ وَلِيدَةً فَوَجَدَهَا ذَاتَ زَوْجٍ فَرَدَّهَا

   Telah menceritakan kepadaku dari Malik dari [Ibnu Syihab] dari [Abu Salamah bin Abdurrahman bin Auf] bahwa [Abdurrahman bin 'Auf] pernah membeli seorang budak wanita, dan ternyata budak itu telah bersuami. Lalu Abdurrahman bin 'Auf mengembalikannya

9. Muwatta' Malik 1298Shahih

   مَنْ بَاعَ نَخْلاً قَدْ أُبِّرَتْ فَثَمَرُهَا لِلْبَائِعِ إِلاَّ أَنْ يَشْتَرِطَ الْمُبْتَاعُ

   Telah menceritakan kepadaku Yahya dari Malik dari [Nafi'] dari [Abdullah bin Umar] bahwa Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam bersabda: "Barangsiapa menjual pohon kurma yang telah masak buahnya, maka buahnya menjadi hak milik penjual, kecuali bila pembeli mensyaratkannya

10. Muwatta' Malik 1299Shahih

    نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ الثِّمَارِ حَتَّى يَبْدُوَ صَلاَحُهَا نَهَى الْبَائِعَ وَالْمُشْتَرِيَ

    Telah menceritakan kepadaku Yahya dari Malik dari [Nafi'] dari [Ibnu Umar] berkata, "Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam melarang menjual buah kecuali telah tampak masak. Beliau juga melarang orang yang menjual dan membelinya

11. Muwatta' Malik 1300Shahih

    نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ الثِّمَارِ حَتَّى تُزْهِيَ فَقِيلَ لَهُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَمَا تُزْهِي فَقَالَ حِينَ تَحْمَرُّ وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَرَأَيْتَ إِذَا مَنَعَ اللَّهُ الثَّمَرَةَ فَبِمَ يَأْخُذُ أَحَدُكُمْ مَالَ أَخِيهِ

    Telah menceritakan kepadaku dari Malik dari [Humaid Ath-Thawil] dari [Anas bin Malik] berkata, "Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam melarang menjual buah-buahan hingga tampak telah masak. Lalu dikatakan kepada beliau, "Wahai Rasulullah, bagaimana ciri-cirinya?" Beliau menjawab; "Sampai berwarna merah." Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam melanjutkan: "Bagaimana pendapatmu jika Allah tidak menjadikan buah tersebut masak, lalu dengan alasan apa salah seorang kalian mengambil harta orang lain

12. Muwatta' Malik 1301Shahih

    نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ الثِّمَارِ حَتَّى تَنْجُوَ مِنَ الْعَاهَةِ

    Telah menceritakan kepadaku dari Malik dari [Abu Ar Rijal Muhammad bin Abdurrahman bin Haristah] dari Ibunya ['Amrah binti Abdurrahman] ia berkata, "Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam melarang menjual buah-buahan sampai dia terbebas dari hama

13. Muwatta' Malik 1302Shahih

    أنَّهُ كانَ «لا يَبِيعُ ثِمارَهُ حَتّى تَطْلُعَ الثُّرَيّا»

    Telah menceritakan kepadaku dari Malik dari [Abu Az Zinad] dari [Kharijah bin Zaid bin Tsabit] dari [Zaid bin Tsabit] bahwasanya dia tidak pernah menjual buah-buahan miliknya hingga terlihat bintang (masak)

14. Muwatta' Malik 1303Shahih

    أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَرْخَصَ لِصَاحِبِ الْعَرِيَّةِ أَنْ يَبِيعَهَا بِخَرْصِهَا

    Telah menceritakan kepadaku Yahya dari Malik dari [Nafi'] dari [Abdullah bin Umar] dari [Zaid bin Tsabit] berkata, "Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam memberi keringanan bagi pemilik pohon kurma yang berbuah untuk menjualnya dengan cara mentaksir

15. Muwatta' Malik 1304Shahih

    أنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «أرْخَصَ فِي بَيْعِ العَرايا بِخَرْصِها، فِيما دُونَ خَمْسَةِ أوْسُقٍ أوْ فِي خَمْسَةِ أوْسُقٍ» يَشُكُّ داوُدُ قالَ: خَمْسَةِ أوْسُقٍ، أوْ دُونَ خَمْسَةِ أوْسُقٍ قالَ مالِكٌ: «وإنَّما تُباعُ العَرايا بِخَرْصِها مِنَ التَّمْرِ، يُتَحَرّى ذَلِكَ، ويُخْرَصُ فِي رُءُوسِ النَّخْلِ، وإنَّما أُرْخِصَ فِيهِ لِأنَّهُ أُنْزِلَ بِمَنزِلَةِ التَّوْلِيَةِ والإقالَةِ، والشِّرْكِ، ولَوْ كانَ بِمَنزِلَةِ غَيْرِهِ مِنَ البُيُوعِ ما أشْرَكَ أحَدٌ أحَدًا فِي طَعامِهِ حَتّى يَسْتَوْفِيَهُ، ولا أقالَهُ مِنهُ، ولا ولّاهُ أحَدًا حَتّى يَقْبِضَهُ المُبْتاعُ»

    Telah menceritakan kepadaku dengan Malik dari [Daud bin Al Hushain] dari [Abu Sufyan] budak Ibnu Abu Ahmad, dari [Abu Hurairah] berkata, "Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam memberi keringanan dalam menjual 'araya, dengan taksiran selama beratnya di bawah lima wasaq atau seberat lima wasaq." Daud masih merasa ragu, apakah Rasulullah mengatakan lima wasaq atau kurang dari lima wasaq

16. Muwatta' Malik 1305Shahih

    ابْتَاعَ رَجُلٌ ثَمَرَ حَائِطٍ فِي زَمَانِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَعَالَجَهُ وَقَامَ فِيهِ حَتَّى تَبَيَّنَ لَهُ النُّقْصَانُ فَسَأَلَ رَبَّ الْحَائِطِ أَنْ يَضَعَ لَهُ أَوْ أَنْ يُقِيلَهُ فَحَلَفَ أَنْ لاَ يَفْعَلَ فَذَهَبَتْ أُمُّ الْمُشْتَرِي إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَذَكَرَتْ ذَلِكَ لَهُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ تَأَلَّى أَنْ لاَ يَفْعَلَ خَيْرًا فَسَمِعَ بِذَلِكَ رَبُّ الْحَائِطِ فَأَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ هُوَ لَهُ

    Telah menceritakan kepadaku Yahya dari Malik dari [Abu Ar Rijal Muhammad bin Abdurrahman] dari Ibunya [Amrah binti Abdurrahman] Bahwasanya ia mendengar Amrah berkata, "Pada masa Rasulullah ada seorang lelaki membeli buah dari sebuah kebun. Laki-laki itu kemudian memeriksa dan menelitinya hingga mengetahui cacat yang terdapat pada buah tersebut. Laki-laki itu kemudian meminta kepada pemilik kebun untuk membatalkannya atau mengurangi harganya. Pemilik kebun itu lalu bersumpah bahwa dia tidak akan melakukannya. Maka Ibu laki-laki itu mendatangi Rasulullah Shalla Allahu 'alaihi wa sallam dan mengadukan hal itu kepada beliau. Rasulullah Shalla Allahu 'alaihi wa sallam kemudian bersabda: "Dia telah bersumpah tidak akan melakukan kebaikan." Pemilik kebun itu mendengar ucapan beliau, lalu ia segera bergegas menemui Rasulullah Shalla Allahu 'alaihi wa sallam dan berkata; "Saya bersedia mengembalikan kepadanya

17. Muwatta' Malik 1306Penilai berbeda pendapat

    عَنِ الْمُشْتَرِي الثُّلُثُ فَصَاعِدًا وَلاَ يَكُونُ مَا دُونَ ذَلِكَ جَائِحَةً

    Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz decided in a case to make a reduction for crop damage. Malik said, "That is what we do in the situation." Malik added, "Crop damage is whatever causes loss of a third or more for the purchaser. Anything less is not counted as crop damage."

18. Muwatta' Malik 1307Shahih

    أَنَّ الْقَاسِمَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ كَانَ يَبِيعُ ثَمَرَ حَائِطِهِ وَيَسْتَثْنِي مِنْهُ

    Telah menceritakan kepadaku Yahya dari Malik dari [Rabi'ah bin Abdurrahman] bahwa [Al Qasim bin Muhammad] menjual buah-buahan yang ada di kebunnya, lalu dia mengecualikan sesuatu darinya

19. Muwatta' Malik 1308Penilai berbeda pendapat

    أَنَّ جَدَّهُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ بَاعَ ثَمَرَ حَائِطٍ لَهُ يُقَالُ لَهُ الأَفْرَاقُ بِأَرْبَعَةِ آلاَفِ دِرْهَمٍ وَاسْتَثْنَى مِنْهُ بِثَمَانِمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ

    Telah menceritakan kepadaku dari Malik dari [Abdullah bin Abu Bakar] bahwa kakeknya [Muhammad bin 'Amru bin Hazm] menjual semua buah yang ada di kebun miliknya, yang biasa disebut Al Afraq, dengan harga empat ribu dirham. Lalu ia mengecualikan kurma darinya senilai delapan ratus dirham

20. Muwatta' Malik 1309Shahih

    أَنَّ أُمَّهُ عَمْرَةَ بِنْتَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ كَانَتْ تَبِيعُ ثِمَارَهَا وَتَسْتَثْنِي مِنْهَا

    Telah menceritakan kepadaku dari Malik dari [Abu Ar Rijal Muhammad bin Abdurrahman bin Haristah] bahwa Ibunya ['Amrah binti Abdurrahman] pernah menjual buah-buahan miliknya dengan mengecualikan sebagian darinya

21. Muwatta' Malik 1310Shahih

    التَّمْرُ بِالتَّمْرِ مِثْلاً بِمِثْلٍ فَقِيلَ لَهُ إِنَّ عَامِلَكَ عَلَى خَيْبَرَ يَأْخُذُ الصَّاعَ بِالصَّاعَيْنِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ادْعُوهُ لِي فَدُعِيَ لَهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَتَأْخُذُ الصَّاعَ بِالصَّاعَيْنِ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ لاَ يَبِيعُونَنِي الْجَنِيبَ بِالْجَمْعِ صَاعًا بِصَاعٍ فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِعِ الْجَمْعَ بِالدَّرَاهِمِ ثُمَّ ابْتَعْ بِالدَّرَاهِمِ جَنِيبًا

    Telah menceritakan kepadaku Yahya dari Malik dari [Zaid bin Aslam] dari ['Atha bin Yasar] ia berkata, "Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam bersabda: "Menjual kurma dengan kurma harus sama timbangannya." Lalu dikatakan kepada beliau, "Pekerja anda di Khaibar menjual satu sha' kurma dengan dua sha'?" Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam lalu laki-laki itu: "Panggillah dia! " Maka dipangillah pekerja Rasulullah tersebut, beliau lalu bertanya: "Apa benar kamu menjual satu sha' kurma dengan dua sha' kurma." Dia menjawab; "Wahai Rasulullah, mereka tidak mau menjual kepadaku satu sha' kurma dengan satu sha'?" Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam lalu bersabda kepadanya; "Kalau begitu, juallah kurma jelek itu beberapa dirham, kemudian belilah dengan dirham itu kurma yang bagus

22. Muwatta' Malik 1311Shahih

    أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ اسْتَعْمَلَ رَجُلاً عَلَى خَيْبَرَ فَجَاءَهُ بِتَمْرٍ جَنِيبٍ فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَكُلُّ تَمْرِ خَيْبَرَ هَكَذَا فَقَالَ لاَ وَاللَّهِ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّا لَنَأْخُذُ الصَّاعَ مِنْ هَذَا بِالصَّاعَيْنِ وَالصَّاعَيْنِ بِالثَّلاَثَةِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لاَ تَفْعَلْ بِعِ الْجَمْعَ بِالدَّرَاهِمِ ثُمَّ ابْتَعْ بِالدَّرَاهِمِ جَنِيبًا

    Telah menceritakan kepadaku dari Malik dari [Abdul Majid bin Suhail bin Abdurrahman bin Auf] dari [Sa'id bin Musayyab] dari [Abu Sa'id Al Khudri] dan dari [Abu Hurairah] berkata, "Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam mengangkat pegawai yang ditugaskan di Khaibar, lalu dia membawa oleh-oleh kurma kepada beliau. Beliau bertanya; "Apakah setiap kurma Khaibar rasanya seperti ini?" dia menjawab; "Wahai Rasulullah, tidak. Demi Allah, kami biasa menjual satu sha' kurma dari jenis ini dengan dua sha' kurma jenis lain, dan dua sha' kurma dari jenis ini dengan tiga sha' kurma dari jenis lain." Maka Rasulullah Shalla Allahu 'alaihi wa sallam pun bersabda: "Janganlah kamu melakukan hal itu! tapi juallah kurma yang jelek dengan dirham, lalu pakailah dirham itu untuk membeli kurma yang bagus

23. Muwatta' Malik 1312Shahih

    أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ سَعْدَ بْنَ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ عَنِ الْبَيْضَاءِ بِالسُّلْتِ فَقَالَ لَهُ سَعْدٌ أَيَّتُهُمَا أَفْضَلُ قَالَ الْبَيْضَاءُ فَنَهَاهُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ وَقَالَ سَعْدٌ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُسْأَلُ عَنِ اشْتِرَاءِ التَّمْرِ بِالرُّطَبِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَيَنْقُصُ الرُّطَبُ إِذَا يَبِسَ فَقَالُوا نَعَمْ فَنَهَى عَنْ ذَلِكَ

    Telah menceritakan kepadaku dari Malik dari [Abdullah bin Yazid] bahwa [Zaid Abu Ayyasy] mengabarkan kepadanya, bahwa ia pernah bertanya kepada [Sa'd bin Abu Waqqash] tentang hukum menjual gandum dengan sult (dua-duanya adalah sejenis gandum). Sa'd bin Abu Waqqash lantas bertanya; "Di antara keduanya, mana yang lebih bagus?" Zaid menjawab; "Gandum." maka dia pun melarangnya. Kemudian Sa'd berkata; "Aku pernah mendengar Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam ditanya tentang jual beli tamr (kurma kering) dengan ruthab (kurma basah)." Maka beliau menanyakan; "Apakah jika kurma basah akan berkurang jika kering?" Mereka menjawab; "Ya." maka beliau pun melarangnya

24. Muwatta' Malik 1313Shahih

    نَهَى عَنِ الْمُزَابَنَةِ وَالْمُزَابَنَةُ بَيْعُ الثَّمَرِ بِالتَّمْرِ كَيْلاً وَبَيْعُ الْكَرْمِ بِالزَّبِيبِ كَيْلاً

    Telah menceritakan kepadaku Yahya dari Malik dari [Nafi'] dari [Abdullah bin Umar] bahwa Rasulullah Shalla Allahu 'alaihi wa sallam melarang jual beli dengan cara muzabanah; yakni menjual tsamar (kurma yang belum jadi) dengan kurma masak dengan menentukan takarannya, atau anggur dengan kismis (anggur kering), dengan menentukan takaraannya

25. Muwatta' Malik 1314Shahih

    نَهَى عَنِ الْمُزَابَنَةِ وَالْمُحَاقَلَةِ وَالْمُزَابَنَةُ اشْتِرَاءُ الثَّمَرِ بِالتَّمْرِ فِي رُءُوسِ النَّخْلِ وَالْمُحَاقَلَةُ كِرَاءُ الأَرْضِ بِالْحِنْطَةِ

    Yahya related to me from Malik from Da'ud ibn al-Husayn from Abu Sufyan, the mawla of Ibn Abi Ahmad, from Abu Said al-Khudri that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade muzabana and muhaqala. Muzabana was selling fresh dates for dried dates while they were still on the trees. Muhaqala was renting land in exchange for wheat.

26. Muwatta' Malik 1315Shahih

    قَالَ مَالِكٌ وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ أَيْضًا أَنْ يَقُولَ الرَّجُلُ لِلرَّجُلِ لَهُ الثَّوْبُ أَضْمَنُ لَكَ مِنْ ثَوْبِكَ هَذَا كَذَا وَكَذَا ظِهَارَةَ قَلَنْسُوَةٍ قَدْرُ كُلِّ ظِهَارَةٍ كَذَا وَكَذَا لِشَىْءٍ يُسَمِّيهِ فَمَا نَقَصَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَعَلَىَّ غُرْمُهُ حَتَّى أُوفِيَكَ وَمَا زَادَ فَلِي أَوْ أَنْ يَقُولَ الرَّجُلُ لِلرَّجُلِ أَضْمَنُ لَكَ مِنْ ثِيَابِكَ هَذِي كَذَا وَكَذَا قَمِيصًا ذَرْعُ كُلِّ قَمِيصٍ كَذَا وَكَذَا فَمَا نَقَصَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَعَلَىَّ غُرْمُهُ وَمَا زَادَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ فَلِي أَوْ أَنْ يَقُولُ الرَّجُلُ لِلرَّجُلِ لَهُ الْجُلُودُ مِنْ جُلُودِ الْبَقَرِ أَوِ الإِبِلِ أُقَطِّعُ جُلُودَكَ هَذِهِ نِعَالاً عَلَى إِمَامٍ يُرِيهِ إِيَّاهُ فَمَا نَقَصَ مِنْ مِائَةِ زَوْجٍ فَعَلَىَّ غُرْمُهُ وَمَا زَادَ فَهُوَ لِي بِمَا ضَمِنْتُ لَكَ وَمِمَّا يُشْبِهُ ذَلِكَ أَنْ يَقُولَ الرَّجُلُ لِلرَّجُلِ عِنْدَهُ حَبُّ الْبَانِ اعْصُرْ حَبَّكَ هَذَا فَمَا نَقَصَ مِنْ كَذَا وَكَذَا رِطْلاً فَعَلَىَّ أَنْ أُعْطِيَكَهُ وَمَا زَادَ فَهُوَ لِي فَهَذَا كُلُّهُ وَمَا أَشْبَهَهُ مِنَ الأَشْيَاءِ أَوْ ضَارَعَهُ مِنَ الْمُزَابَنَةِ الَّتِي لاَ تَصْلُحُ وَلاَ تَجُوزُ وَكَذَلِكَ أَيْضًا إِذَا قَالَ الرَّجُلُ لِلرَّجُلِ لَهُ الْخَبَطُ أَوِ النَّوَى أَوِ الْكُرْسُفُ أَوِ الْكَتَّانُ أَوِ الْقَضْبُ أَوِ الْعُصْفُرُ أَبْتَاعُ مِنْكَ هَذَا الْخَبَطَ بِكَذَا وَكَذَا صَاعًا مِنْ خَبَطٍ يُخْبَطُ مِثْلَ خَبَطِهِ أَوْ هَذَا النَّوَى بِكَذَا وَكَذَا صَاعًا مِنْ نَوًى مِثْلِهِ وَفِي الْعُصْفُرِ وَالْكُرْسُفِ وَالْكَتَّانِ وَالْقَضْبِ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ فَهَذَا كُلُّهُ يَرْجِعُ إِلَى مَا وَصَفْنَا مِنَ الْمُزَابَنَةِ

    Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab from Said ibn al- Musayyab that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade muzabana and muhaqala. Muzabana was selling fresh dates for dried dates. Muhaqala was buying unharvested wheat in exchange for threshed wheat and renting land in exchange for wheat. Ibn Shihab added that he had asked Said ibn al-Musayyab about renting land for gold and silver. He said, "There is no harm in it." Malik said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade muzabana. The explanation of muzabana is that it is buying something whose number, weight and measure is not known with something whose number, weight or measure is known, for instance, if a man has a stack of food whose measure is not known, either of wheat, dates, or whatever food, or the man has goods of wheat, date kernels, herbs, safflower, cotton, flax, silk, and does not know its measure or weight or number and then a buyer approaches him and proposes that he weigh or measure or count the goods, but, before he does, he specifies a certain weight, or measure, or number and guarantees to pay the price for that amount, agreeing that whatever falls short of that amount is a loss against him and whatever is in excess of that amount is a gain for him. That is not a sale. It is taking risks and it is an uncertain transaction. It falls into the category of gambling because he is not buying something from him for something definite which he pays. Everything which resembles this is also forbidden." Malik said that another example of that was, for instance, a man proposing to another man, "You have cloth. I will guarantee you from this cloth of yours so many hooded cloaks, the measureof each cloak to be such-and-such, (naming a measurement). Whatever loss there is, is against me and I will fulfill you the specified amount and whatever excess there is, is mine." Or perhaps the man proposed, "I will guarantee you from this cloth of yours so many shirts, the measurement of each shirt to be such-and-such, and whatever loss there is, is against me and I will fulfill the specified amount and whatever excess there is, is mine." Or perhaps a man proposed to a man who had cattle or camel hides, "I will cut up these hides of yours into sandals on a pattern I will show you. Whatever falls short of a hundred pairs, I will make up its loss and whatever is over is mine because I guaranteed you." Another example was that a man say to a man who had ben-nuts, "I will press these nuts of yours. Whatever falls short of such-and-such a weight by the pound, I will make it up, and whatever is more than that is mine." Malik said that all this and whatever else was like it or resembled it was in the category of muzabana, which was neither good nor permitted. It was also the same case for a man to say to a man, who had fodder leaves, date kernels, cotton, flax, herbs or safflower, "I will buy these leaves from you in exchange for such-and-such a sa, (indicating leaves which are pounded like his leaves).. or these date kernels for such-and-such a sa of kernels like them, and the like of that in the case of safflower, cotton, flax and herbs." Malik said, "All this is what we have described of muzabana."

27. Muwatta' Malik 31-27Shahih

    قالَ مالِكٌ: "مَنِ اشْتَرى ثَمَرًا مِن نَخْلٍ مُسَمّاةٍ أوْ حائِطٍ مُسَمًّى، أوْ لَبَنًا مِن غَنَمٍ مُسَمّاةٍ إنَّهُ لا بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ، إذا كانَ يُؤْخَذُ عاجِلًا يَشْرَعُ المُشْتَرِي فِي أخْذِهِ عِنْدَ دَفْعِهِ الثَّمَنَ، وإنَّما مَثَلُ ذَلِكَ بِمَنزِلَةِ راوِيَةِ زَيْتٍ يَبْتاعُ مِنها رَجُلٌ بِدِينارٍ أوْ دِينارَيْنِ، ويُعْطِيهِ ذَهَبَهُ ويَشْتَرِطُ عَلَيْهِ أنْ يَكِيلَ لَهُ مِنها، فَهَذا لا بَأْسَ بِهِ، فَإنِ انْشَقَّتِ الرّاوِيَةُ فَذَهَبَ زَيْتُها، فَلَيْسَ لِلْمُبْتاعِ إلّا ذَهَبُهُ، ولا يَكُونُ بَيْنَهُما بَيْعٌ، وأمّا كُلُّ شَيْءٍ كانَ حاضِرًا يُشْتَرى عَلى وجْهِهِ مِثْلُ اللَّبَنِ إذا حُلِبَ، والرُّطَبِ يُسْتَجْنى، فَيَأْخُذُ المُبْتاعُ يَوْمًا بِيَوْمٍ، فَلا بَأْسَ بِهِ، فَإنْ فَنِيَ قَبْلَ أنْ يَسْتَوْفِيَ المُشْتَرِي ما اشْتَرى رَدَّ عَلَيْهِ البائِعُ مِن ذَهَبِهِ بِحِسابِ ما بَقِيَ لَهُ، أوْ يَأْخُذُ مِنهُ المُشْتَرِي سِلْعَةً، بِما بَقِيَ لَهُ يَتَراضَيانِ عَلَيْها، ولا يُفارِقُهُ حَتّى يَأْخُذَها، فَإنْ فارَقَهُ، فَإنَّ ذَلِكَ مَكْرُوهٌ لِأنَّهُ يَدْخُلُهُ الدَّيْنُ بِالدَّيْنِ، وقَدْ نُهِيَ عَنِ الكالِئِ بِالكالِئِ، فَإنْ وقَعَ فِي بَيْعِهِما أجَلٌ فَإنَّهُ مَكْرُوهٌ ولا يَحِلُّ فِيهِ تَأْخِيرٌ ولا نَظِرَةٌ، ولا يَصْلُحُ إلّا بِصِفَةٍ مَعْلُومَةٍ إلى أجَلٍ مُسَمًّى، فَيَضْمَنُ ذَلِكَ البائِعُ لِلْمُبْتاعِ، ولا يُسَمّى ذَلِكَ فِي حائِطٍ بِعَيْنِهِ، ولا فِي غَنَمٍ بِأعْيانِها «وسُئِلَ مالِكٌ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَشْتَرِي مِنَ الرَّجُلِ الحائِطَ فِيهِ ألْوانٌ مِنَ النَّخْلِ مِنَ العَجْوَةِ والكَبِيسِ والعَذْقِ، وغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ مِن ألْوانِ التَّمْرِ، فَيَسْتَثْنِي مِنها ثَمَرَ النَّخْلَةِ أوِ النَّخَلاتِ يَخْتارُها مِن نَخْلِهِ؟ فَقالَ مالِكٌ:»ذَلِكَ لا يَصْلُحُ لِأنَّهُ إذا صَنَعَ ذَلِكَ تَرَكَ ثَمَرَ النَّخْلَةِ مِنَ العَجْوَةِ، ومَكِيلَةُ ثَمَرِها خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ صاعًا وأخَذَ مَكانَها ثَمَرَ نَخْلَةٍ مِنَ الكَبِيسِ، ومَكِيلَةُ ثَمَرِها عَشَرَةُ أصْوُعٍ، فَإنْ أخَذَ العَجْوَةَ الَّتِي فِيها خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ صاعًا، وتَرَكَ الَّتِي فِيها عَشْرَةُ أصْوُعٍ مِنَ الكَبِيسِ فَكَأنَّهُ اشْتَرى العَجْوَةَ بِالكَبِيسِ مُتَفاضِلًا، وذَلِكَ مِثْلُ أنْ يَقُولَ الرَّجُلُ لِلرَّجُلِ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ صُبَرٌ مِنَ التَّمْرِ قَدْ صَبَّرَ العَجْوَةَ، فَجَعَلَها خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ صاعًا، وجَعَلَ صُبْرَةَ الكَبِيسِ عَشَرَةَ آصُعٍ، وجَعَلَ صُبْرَةَ العَذْقِ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ صاعًا، فَأعْطى صاحِبَ التَّمْرِ دِينارًا عَلى أنَّهُ يَخْتارُ فَيَأْخُذُ أيَّ تِلْكَ الصُّبَرِ شاءَ، قالَ مالِكٌ: فَهَذا لا يَصْلُحُ «وسُئِلَ مالِكٌ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَشْتَرِي الرُّطَبَ مِن صاحِبِ الحائِطِ فَيُسْلِفُهُ الدِّينارَ، ماذا لَهُ إذا ذَهَبَ رُطَبُ ذَلِكَ الحائِطِ؟ قالَ مالِكٌ: «يُحاسِبُ صاحِبَ الحائِطِ ثُمَّ يَأْخُذُ ما بَقِيَ لَهُ مِن دِينارِهِ، إنْ كانَ أخَذَ بِثُلُثَيْ دِينارٍ رُطَبًا أخَذَ ثُلُثَ الدِّينارِ الَّذِي بَقِيَ لَهُ، وإنْ كانَ أخَذَ ثَلاثَةَ أرْباعِ دِينارِهِ رُطَبًا، أخَذَ الرُّبُعَ الَّذِي بَقِيَ لَهُ، أوْ يَتَراضَيانِ بَيْنَهُما، فَيَأْخُذُ بِما بَقِيَ لَهُ مِن دِينارِهِ عِنْدَ صاحِبِ الحائِطِ ما بَدا لَهُ إنْ أحَبَّ أنْ يَأْخُذَ تَمْرًا أوْ سِلْعَةً سِوى التَّمْرِ أخَذَها بِما فَضَلَ لَهُ، فَإنْ أخَذَ تَمْرًا أوْ سِلْعَةً أُخْرى فَلا يُفارِقْهُ حَتّى يَسْتَوْفِيَ ذَلِكَ مِنهُ» قالَ مالِكٌ: «وإنَّما هَذا بِمَنزِلَةِ أنْ يُكْرِيَ الرَّجُلُ الرَّجُلَ راحِلَةً بِعَيْنِها أوْ يُؤاجِرَ غُلامَهُ الخَيّاطَ أوِ النَّجّارَ أوِ العَمّالَ لِغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الأعْمالِ، أوْ يُكْرِيَ مَسْكَنَهُ، ويَسْتَلِفَ إجارَةَ ذَلِكَ الغُلامِ، أوْ كِراءَ ذَلِكَ المَسْكَنِ، أوْ تِلْكَ الرّاحِلَةِ، ثُمَّ يَحْدُثُ فِي ذَلِكَ حَدَثٌ بِمَوْتٍ أوْ غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ، فَيَرُدُّ رَبُّ الرّاحِلَةِ، أوِ العَبْدِ أوِ المَسْكَنِ إلى الَّذِي سَلَّفَهُ ما بَقِيَ مِن كِراءِ الرّاحِلَةِ، أوْ إجارَةِ العَبْدِ، أوْ كِراءِ المَسْكَنِ، يُحاسِبُ صاحِبَهُ بِما اسْتَوْفى مِن ذَلِكَ، إنْ كانَ اسْتَوْفى نِصْفَ حَقِّهِ رَدَّ عَلَيْهِ النِّصْفَ الباقِيَ الَّذِي لَهُ عِنْدَهُ، وإنْ كانَ أقَلَّ مِن ذَلِكَ أوْ أكْثَرَ فَبِحِسابِ ذَلِكَ يَرُدُّ إلَيْهِ ما بَقِيَ لَهُ» قالَ مالِكٌ:»ولا يَصْلُحُ التَّسْلِيفُ فِي شَيْءٍ مِن هَذا، يُسَلَّفُ فِيهِ بِعَيْنِهِ، إلّا أنْ يَقْبِضَ المُسَلِّفُ ما سَلَّفَ فِيهِ عِنْدَ دَفْعِهِ الذَّهَبَ إلى صاحِبِهِ، يَقْبِضُ العَبْدَ أوِ الرّاحِلَةَ أوِ المَسْكَنَ أوْ يَبْدَأُ فِيما اشْتَرى مِنَ الرُّطَبِ. فَيَأْخُذُ مِنهُ عِنْدَ دَفْعِهِ الذَّهَبَ إلى صاحِبِهِ، لا يَصْلُحُ أنْ يَكُونَ فِي شَيْءٍ مِن ذَلِكَ تَأْخِيرٌ ولا أجَلٌ «قالَ مالِكٌ:»وتَفْسِيرُ ما كُرِهَ مِن ذَلِكَ، أنْ يَقُولَ الرَّجُلُ لِلرَّجُلِ: أُسَلِّفُكَ فِي راحِلَتِكَ فُلانَةَ أرْكَبُها فِي الحَجِّ، وبَيْنَهُ وبَيْنَ الحَجِّ أجَلٌ مِنَ الزَّمانِ، أوْ يَقُولَ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ فِي العَبْدِ أوِ المَسْكَنِ، فَإنَّهُ إذا صَنَعَ ذَلِكَ كانَ إنَّما يُسَلِّفُهُ ذَهَبًا، عَلى أنَّهُ إنْ وجَدَ تِلْكَ الرّاحِلَةَ صَحِيحَةً لِذَلِكَ الأجَلِ الَّذِي سَمّى لَهُ، فَهِيَ لَهُ بِذَلِكَ الكِراءِ، وإنْ حَدَثَ بِها حَدَثٌ مِن مَوْتٍ أوْ غَيْرِهِ رَدَّ عَلَيْهِ ذَهَبَهُ، وكانَتْ عَلَيْهِ عَلى وجْهِ السَّلَفِ عِنْدَهُ " قالَ مالِكٌ: «وإنَّما فَرَقَ بَيْنَ ذَلِكَ القَبْضُ مَن قَبَضَ ما اسْتَأْجَرَ أوِ اسْتَكْرى فَقَدْ خَرَجَ مِنَ الغَرَرِ والسَّلَفِ الَّذِي يُكْرَهُ، وأخَذَ أمْرًا مَعْلُومًا، وإنَّما مَثَلُ ذَلِكَ أنْ يَشْتَرِيَ الرَّجُلُ العَبْدَ أوِ الوَلِيدَةَ فَيَقْبِضَهُما، ويَنْقُدَ أثْمانَهُما، فَإنْ حَدَثَ بِهِما حَدَثٌ مِن عُهْدَةِ السَّنَةِ، أخَذَ ذَهَبَهُ مِن صاحِبِهِ الَّذِي ابْتاعَ مِنهُ، فَهَذا لا بَأْسَ بِهِ وبِهَذا مَضَتِ السُّنَّةُ فِي بَيْعِ الرَّقِيقِ» قالَ مالِكٌ: «ومَنِ اسْتَأْجَرَ عَبْدًا بِعَيْنِهِ، أوْ تَكارى راحِلَةً بِعَيْنِها إلى أجَلٍ. يَقْبِضُ العَبْدَ أوِ الرّاحِلَةَ إلى ذَلِكَ الأجَلِ. فَقَدْ عَمِلَ بِما لا يَصْلُحُ. لا هُوَ قَبَضَ ما اسْتَكْرى أوِ اسْتَأْجَرَ، ولا هُوَ سَلَّفَ فِي دَيْنٍ يَكُونُ ضامِنًا عَلى صاحِبِهِ حَتّى يَسْتَوْفِيَهُ»

    Malik said, "There is no harm in buying dates from specified trees or a specified orchard or buying milk from specified sheep when the buyer starts to take them as soon as he has payed the price. That is like buying oil from a container. A man buys some of it for a dinar or two and gives his gold and stipulates that it be measured out for him. There is no harm in that. If the container breaks and the oil is wasted, the buyer has his gold back and there is no transaction between them." Malik said, "There is no harm in everything which is taken right away as it is, like fresh milk and fresh picked dates which the buyer can take on a day-to-day basis. If the supply runs out before the buyer has what he has paid for in full, the seller gives him back the portion of the gold that is owed to him, or else the buyer takes other goods from him to the value of what he is owed and which they mutually agree about. The buyer should stay with the seller until he has taken it. It is disapproved of for the seller to leave because the transaction would then come into the forbidden category of a debt for a debt. If a stated time period for payment or delivery enters into the transaction, it is also disapproved. Delay and deferment are not permitted in it, and are only acceptable when it is standard practice on definite terms by which the seller guarantees it to the buyer, but this is not to be from one specific orchard or from any specific ewes." Malik was asked about a man who bought an orchard from another man in which there were various types of palm-trees - excellent ajwa palms, good kabis palms, adhq palms and othertypes. The seller kept aside from the sale the produce of a certain palm of his choice. Malik said, "That is not good because if he does that, and keeps aside, for instance, dates of the ajwa variety whose yield would be 15 sa, and he picks the dates of the kabis in their place, and the yield of their dates is 10 sa or he picks the ajwa which yield 15 sa and leaves the kabis which yield 10 sa, it is as if he bought the ajwa for the kabis making allowances for their difference of quality. This is the same as if a man dealing with a man who has heaps of dates before him - a heap of 15 sa of ajwa, a heap of 10 sa of kabis, and a heap of 12 sa of cadhq, gives the owner of the dates a dinar to let him choose and take whichever of the heaps he likes." Malik said, "That is not good." Malik was asked what a man who bought fresh dates from the owner of an orchard and advanced him a dinar was entitled to if the crop was spoilt. Malik said, "The buyer makes a reckoning with the owner of the orchard and takes what is due to him of the dinar. If the buyer has taken two-thirds of a dinar's worth of dates, he gets back the third of a dinar which is owed him. If the buyer has taken three-quarters of a dinar's worth of dates, then he gets back the quarter which is owed to him, or they come to a mutual agreement, and the buyer takes what is owed him from his dinar from the owner of the orchard in something else of his choosing. If, for instance, he prefers to take dry dates or some other goods, he takes them according to what is due. If he takes dry dates or some other goods, he should stay with him until he has been paid in full." Malik said, "This is the same situation as hiring out a specified riding-camel or hiring out a slave tailor, carpenter or some other kind of worker or letting a house and taking payment in advance for the hire of the slave or the rent of the house or camel. Then an accident happens to what has been hired resulting in death or something else. The owner of the camel, slave or house returns what remains of the rent of the camel, the hire of the slave or the rent of the house to the one who advanced him the money, and the owner reckons what will settle that up in full. If, for instance, he has provided half of what the man paid for, he returns the remaining half of what he advanced, or according to whatever amount is due." Malik said, "Paying in advance for something which is on hand is only good when the buyer takes possession of what he has paid for as soon as he hands over the gold, whether it be slave, camel, or house, or in the case of dates, he starts to pick them as soon as he has paid the money." It is not good that there be any deferment or credit in such a transaction. Malik said, "An example illustrating what is disapproved of in this situation is that, for instance, a man may say that he will pay someone in advance for the use of his camel to ride in the hajj, and the hajj is still some time off, or he may say something similar to that about a slave or a house. When he does that, he only pays the money in advance on the understanding that if he finds the camel to be sound at the time the hire is due to begin, he will take it by virtue of what he has already paid. If an accident, or death, or something happens to the camel, then he will get his money back and the money he paid in advance will be considered as a loan." Malik said, "This is distinct from someone who takes immediate possession of what he rents or hires, so that it does not fall into the category of 'uncertainty,' or disapproved payment in advance. That is following a common practice. An example of that is that a man buys a slave, or slave-girl, and takes possession of them and pays their price. If something happens to them within the period of the year indemnification contract, he takes his gold back from the one from whom he bought it. There is no harm in that. This is the precedent of the sunna in the matter of selling slaves." Malik said, "Someone who rents a specified slave, or hires a specified camel, for a future date, at which time he will take possession of the camel or slave, has not acted properly because he did not take possession of what he rented or hired, nor is he advancing a loan which the person is responsible to pay back."

28. Muwatta' Malik 31-28Shahih

    قالَ مالِكٌ: «الأمْرُ المُجْتَمَعُ عَلَيْهِ عِنْدَنا، أنَّ مَنِ ابْتاعَ شَيْئًا مِنَ الفاكِهَةِ مِن رَطْبِها أوْ يابِسِها، فَإنَّهُ لا يَبِيعُهُ حَتّى يَسْتَوْفِيَهُ، ولا يُباعُ شَيْءٌ مِنها بَعْضُهُ بِبَعْضٍ، إلّا يَدًا بِيَدٍ، وما كانَ مِنها مِمّا يَيْبَسُ، فَيَصِيرُ فاكِهَةً يابِسَةً تُدَّخَرُ، وتُؤْكَلُ، فَلا يُباعُ بَعْضُهُ بِبَعْضٍ إلّا يَدًا بِيَدٍ، ومِثْلًا بِمِثْلٍ إذا كانَ مِن صِنْفٍ واحِدٍ، فَإنْ كانَ مِن صِنْفَيْنِ مُخْتَلِفَيْنِ، فَلا بَأْسَ بِأنْ يُباعَ مِنهُ اثْنانِ بِواحِدٍ يَدًا بِيَدٍ، ولا يَصْلُحُ إلى أجَلٍ، وما كانَ مِنها مِمّا لا يَيْبَسُ ولا يُدَّخَرُ، وإنَّما يُؤْكَلُ رَطْبًا كَهَيْئَةِ البِطِّيخِ والقِثّاءِ والخِرْبِزِ، والجَزَرِ والأُتْرُجِّ، والمَوْزِ والرُّمّانِ وما كانَ مِثْلَهُ، وإنْ يَبِسَ لَمْ يَكُنْ فاكِهَةً بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ، ولَيْسَ هُوَ مِمّا يُدَّخَرُ، ويَكُونُ فاكِهَةً، قالَ: فَأراهُ حَقِيقًا أنْ يُؤْخَذَ مِنهُ مِن صِنْفٍ واحِدٍ اثْنانِ بِواحِدٍ يَدًا بِيَدٍ، فَإذا لَمْ يَدْخُلْ فِيهِ شَيْءٌ مِنَ الأجَلِ فَإنَّهُ لا بَأْسَ بِهِ»

    Malik said, "The generally agreed on way of doing things among us is that some one who buys some fruit, fresh or dry, should not resell it until he gets full possession of it. He should not barter things of the same type, except hand to hand. Whatever can be made into dry fruit to be stored and eaten, should not be bartered for its own kind, except hand to hand, like for like, when it is the same kind of fruit. In the case of two different kinds of fruit, there is no harm in bartering two of one kind for one of another, hand to hand on the spot. It is not good to set delayed terms. As for produce which is not dried and stored but is eaten fresh like water melon, cucumber, melon, carrots, citron, medlars, pomegranates, and soon, which when dried no longer counts as fruit, and is not a thing which is stored up as is fruit, I think that it is quite proper to barter such things two for one of the same variety hand to hand. If no term enters into it, there is no harm in it."

29. Muwatta' Malik 1316Penilai berbeda pendapat

    أَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ السَّعْدَيْنِ أَنْ يَبِيعَا آنِيَةً مِنَ الْمَغَانِمِ مِنْ ذَهَبٍ أَوْ فِضَّةٍ فَبَاعَا كُلَّ ثَلاَثَةٍ بِأَرْبَعَةٍ عَيْنًا أَوْ كُلَّ أَرْبَعَةٍ بِثَلاَثَةٍ عَيْنًا فَقَالَ لَهُمَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَرْبَيْتُمَا فَرُدَّا

    Telah menceritakan kepadaku Yahya dari Malik dari [Yahya bin Sa'id] berkata; "Rasulullah Shalla Allahu 'alaihi wa sallam pernah menyuruh dua orang sahabat yang bernama Sa'd (Sa'ad bin Abu Waqash dan Sa'd bin 'Ubadah) untuk menjual bejana emas dan perak yang didapat dari ghanimah perang. Mereka menjual setiap tiga barang dengan empat barang, atau setiap empat barang dengan tiga barang. Kemudian Rasulullah Shalla Allahu 'alaihi wa sallam bersabda kepada mereka berdua; "Kalian telah melakukan riba. Kembalikanlah

30. Muwatta' Malik 1317Shahih

    الدِّينَارُ بِالدِّينَارِ وَالدِّرْهَمُ بِالدِّرْهَمِ لاَ فَضْلَ بَيْنَهُمَا

    Telah menceritakan kepadaku dari Malik dari [Musa bin Abu Tamim] dari [Abu Al Hubab Sa'id bin Yasar] dari [Abu Hurairah] bahwa Rasulullah Shalla Allahu 'alaihi wa sallam bersabda: "Satu dinar dijual dengan satu dinar, dan satu dirham dengan satu dirham. Antara keduanya tidak boleh ada yang lebih

31. Muwatta' Malik 1318Shahih

    لاَ تَبِيعُوا الذَّهَبَ بِالذَّهَبِ إِلاَّ مِثْلاً بِمِثْلٍ وَلاَ تُشِفُّوا بَعْضَهَا عَلَى بَعْضٍ وَلاَ تَبِيعُوا الْوَرِقَ بِالْوَرِقِ إِلاَّ مِثْلاً بِمِثْلٍ وَلاَ تُشِفُّوا بَعْضَهَا عَلَى بَعْضٍ وَلاَ تَبِيعُوا مِنْهَا شَيْئًا غَائِبًا بِنَاجِزٍ

    Telah menceritakan kepadaku dari Malik dari [Nafi'] dari [Abu Sa'id Al Khudri] bahwa Rasulullah Shalla Allahu 'alaihi wa sallam bersabda: "Janganlah kalian menjual emas dengan emas kecuali serupa, kalian jangan melebihkan sebagian atas sebagian yang lain. Dan janganlah kalian menjual perak dengan perak kecuali serupa, kalian jangan melebihkan sebagian atas sebagian yang lain. Dan janganlah kalian menjual sesuatu yang tidak ada dengan barang yang sudah siap

32. Muwatta' Malik 1319Shahih

    كُنْتُ مَعَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ فَجَاءَهُ صَائِغٌ فَقَالَ لَهُ يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ إِنِّي أَصُوغُ الذَّهَبَ ثُمَّ أَبِيعُ الشَّىْءَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ بِأَكْثَرَ مِنْ وَزْنِهِ فَأَسْتَفْضِلُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ قَدْرَ عَمَلِ يَدِي فَنَهَاهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَجَعَلَ الصَّائِغُ يُرَدِّدُ عَلَيْهِ الْمَسْأَلَةَ وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ يَنْهَاهُ حَتَّى انْتَهَى إِلَى بَابِ الْمَسْجِدِ أَوْ إِلَى دَابَّةٍ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَرْكَبَهَا ثُمَّ قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ الدِّينَارُ بِالدِّينَارِ وَالدِّرْهَمُ بِالدِّرْهَمِ لاَ فَضْلَ بَيْنَهُمَا هَذَا عَهْدُ نَبِيِّنَا إِلَيْنَا وَعَهْدُنَا إِلَيْكُمْ

    Telah menceritakan kepadaku dari Malik dari [Humaid bin Qais Al Maki] dari [Mujahid] berkata; "Ketika saya sedang bersama [Abdullah bin Umar], datanglah seorang tukang emas dan berkata kepadanya; 'Wahai Abu Abdurrahman, saya bekerja sebagai perajin emas, lalu saya menjual karyaku ini dengan emas yang lebih berat timbangannya, saya minta dilebihkan sesuai dengan pekerjaanku?" Lalu Abdullah pun melarangnya. Orang itu mengulangi pertanyaannya dan Abdullah juga tetap melarangnya hingga dia sampai di depan pintu masjid atau di dekat kendaraan yang ingin ditungganginya. Akhirnya Abdullah bin Umar berkata; 'Satu dinar dengan satu dinar, dan satu dirham dengan satu dirham, antara keduanya tidak boleh ada yang lebih. Begitulah wasiat Nabi kami kepada kami, dan wasit kami kepada kalian

33. Muwatta' Malik 1320Shahih

    قَالَ قَالَ لِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لاَ تَبِيعُوا الدِّينَارَ بِالدِّينَارَيْنِ وَلاَ الدِّرْهَمَ بِالدِّرْهَمَيْنِ

    Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard from his grandfather, Malik ibn Abi Amir that Uthman ibn Affan said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to me, 'Do not sell a dinar for two dinars nor a dirham for two dirhams.' "

34. Muwatta' Malik 1321Penilai berbeda pendapat

    أَنَّ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنَ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ بَاعَ سِقَايَةً مِنْ ذَهَبٍ أَوْ وَرِقٍ بِأَكْثَرَ مِنْ وَزْنِهَا فَقَالَ أَبُو الدَّرْدَاءِ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَنْهَى عَنْ مِثْلِ هَذَا إِلاَّ مِثْلاً بِمِثْلٍ فَقَالَ لَهُ مُعَاوِيَةُ مَا أَرَى بِمِثْلِ هَذَا بَأْسًا فَقَالَ أَبُو الدَّرْدَاءِ مَنْ يَعْذِرُنِي مِنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ أَنَا أُخْبِرُهُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَيُخْبِرُنِي عَنْ رَأْيِهِ لاَ أُسَاكِنُكَ بِأَرْضٍ أَنْتَ بِهَا ثُمَّ قَدِمَ أَبُو الدَّرْدَاءِ عَلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لَهُ فَكَتَبَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ إِلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ أَنْ لاَ تَبِيعَ ذَلِكَ إِلاَّ مِثْلاً بِمِثْلٍ وَزْنًا بِوَزْنٍ

    Telah menceritakan kepadaku dari Malik dari [Zaid bin Aslam] dari ['Atha bin Yasar] berkata, "Mu'awiyah bin Abu Sufyan telah menjual bejana dari emas atau perak dengan lebih banyak dari beratnya. Maka [Abu Darda'] pun berkata; "Saya telah mendengar Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam melarang jual beli seperti ini kecuali jika sama timbangannya." Lalu Mu'awiyah membantah dengan mengatakan; "Saya menganggap hal ini tidak apa-apa! " Lalu Abu Darda bertanya; "Siapa yang akan membantuku memberi alasan dari yang dilakukan Mu'awiyah? Saya mengabarinya dari Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam, dia malah membantahnya dengan pendapatnya. Saya tidak akan mendiami suatu wilayah yang engkau ada di dalamnya." Kemudian Abu Darda menemui Umar bin Khattab dan melaporkan perihal tersebut, maka [Umar bin Khattab] menulis surat kepada Mu'awiyah; "Janganlah kamu menjualnya kecuali jika serupa dan beratnya sama

35. Muwatta' Malik 1322Shahih

    لاَ تَبِيعُوا الذَّهَبَ بِالذَّهَبِ إِلاَّ مِثْلاً بِمِثْلٍ وَلاَ تُشِفُّوا بَعْضَهَا عَلَى بَعْضٍ وَلاَ تَبِيعُوا الْوَرِقَ بِالْوَرِقِ إِلاَّ مِثْلاً بِمِثْلٍ وَلاَ تُشِفُّوا بَعْضَهَا عَلَى بَعْضٍ وَلاَ تَبِيعُوا الْوَرِقَ بِالذَّهَبِ أَحَدُهُمَا غَائِبٌ وَالآخَرُ نَاجِزٌ وَإِنِ اسْتَنْظَرَكَ إِلَى أَنْ يَلِجَ بَيْتَهُ فَلاَ تُنْظِرْهُ إِنِّي أَخَافُ عَلَيْكُمُ الرَّمَاءَ

    Telah menceritakan kepadaku dari Malik dari [Nafi'] dari [Abdullah bin Umar] bahwa [Umar bin Khattab] berkata; "Janganlah kalian menjual emas dengan emas kecuali sebanding, dan janganlah kalian melebihkan sebagian atas sebagian yang lain. Janganlah kalian menjual perak dengan perak kecuali sebanding, dan janganlah kalian melebihkan sebagian atas sebagian yang lain. Janganlah kalian menjual perak dengan emas, yang satu kredit dan yang lain cash. Jika ada seseorang yang meminta penangguhan kepadamu hingga ia masuk ke dalam rumahnya maka janganlah engkau beri penangguhan, karena aku khawatir kalian akan mendapat tambahan, sebab tambahan adalah riba

36. Muwatta' Malik 1323Shahih

    لاَ تَبِيعُوا الذَّهَبَ بِالذَّهَبِ إِلاَّ مِثْلاً بِمِثْلٍ وَلاَ تُشِفُّوا بَعْضَهَا عَلَى بَعْضٍ وَلاَ تَبِيعُوا الْوَرِقَ بِالْوَرِقِ إِلاَّ مِثْلاً بِمِثْلٍ وَلاَ تُشِفُّوا بَعْضَهَا عَلَى بَعْضٍ وَلاَ تَبِيعُوا شَيْئًا مِنْهَا غَائِبًا بِنَاجِزٍ وَإِنِ اسْتَنْظَرَكَ إِلَى أَنْ يَلِجَ بَيْتَهُ فَلاَ تُنْظِرْهُ إِنِّي أَخَافُ عَلَيْكُمُ الرَّمَاءَ

    Telah menceritakan kepadaku dari Malik dari [Abdullah bin Dinar] dari [Abdullah bin 'Umar] bahwa [Umar bin Khattab] berkata; "Janganlah kalian menjual emas dengan emas kecuali sebanding, dan jangan kalian lebihkan sebagian dengan sebagian yang lain. Janganlah kalian menjual perak dengan perak kecuali sebanding, dan jangan kalian lebihkan sebagian dengan sebagian yang lain. Janganlah kalian menjual sesuatu; yang satu ada sementara yang lain tidak ada (di tempat). Jika ada seseorang yang meminta penangguhan kepadamu hingga ia masuk ke dalam rumahnya maka janganlah engkau beri penangguhan, karena aku khawatir kalian akan mendapat tambahan, sebab tambahan adalah riba

37. Muwatta' Malik 1324Penilai berbeda pendapat

    أَنَّهُ قَالَ قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ الدِّينَارُ بِالدِّينَارِ وَالدِّرْهَمُ بِالدِّرْهَمِ وَالصَّاعُ بِالصَّاعِ وَلاَ يُبَاعُ كَالِئٌ بِنَاجِزٍ

    Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that al-Oasim ibn Muhammad said, ''Umar ibn al-Khattab said, 'A dinar for a dinar, and a dirham for adirham, and a sa for a sa. Something to be collected later is not to be sold for something at hand. ' "

38. Muwatta' Malik 1325Shahih

    يَقُولُ لاَ رِبًا إِلاَّ فِي ذَهَبٍ أَوْ فِضَّةٍ أَوْ مَا يُكَالُ أَوْ يُوزَنُ بِمَا يُؤْكَلُ أَوْ يُشْرَبُ

    Telah menceritakan kepadaku dari Malik dari [Abu Zinad] Bahwasanya ia mendengar [Sa'id bin Musayyab] berkata; "Tidak ada riba kecuali pada emas dan perak, atau sesuatu yang ditakar dan ditimbang dari jenis makanan atau minuman

39. Muwatta' Malik 1326Shahih

    قَطْعُ الذَّهَبِ وَالْوَرِقِ مِنَ الْفَسَادِ فِي الأَرْضِ

    Telah mengabarkan kepadaku dari Malik dari [Yahya bin Sa'id] dari [Sa'id bin Musayyab] berkata; "Memotong (mengurangi bagian) emas dan perak adalah salah satu bagian dari kerusakan di muka bumi

40. Muwatta' Malik 1327Shahih

    التَمَسَ صَرْفًا بِمِائَةِ دِينارٍ، قالَ فَدَعانِي طَلْحَةُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ فَتَراوَضْنا حَتّى اصْطَرَفَ مِنِّي وأخَذَ الذَّهَبَ يُقَلِّبُها فِي يَدِهِ، ثُمَّ قالَ: حَتّى يَأْتِيَنِي خازِنِي مِنَ الغابَةِ وعُمَرُ بْنُ الخَطّابِ يَسْمَعُ، -[٦٣٧]- فَقالَ عُمَرُ: واللَّهِ لا تُفارِقْهُ حَتّى تَأْخُذَ مِنهُ، ثُمَّ قالَ: قالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «الذَّهَبُ بِالوَرِقِ رِبًا، إلّا هاءَ وهاءَ، والبُرُّ بِالبُرِّ رِبًا، إلّا هاءَ وهاءَ، والتَّمْرُ بِالتَّمْرِ رِبًا، إلّا هاءَ وهاءَ، والشَّعِيرُ بِالشَّعِيرِ رِبًا، إلّا هاءَ وهاءَ»

    Telah menceritakan kepadaku Yahya dari Malik dari [Ibnu Syihab] dari [Malik bin Aus bin Al Hadatsan An Nashri] bahwa dia pernah menukar uang sebesar seratus dinar. Malik bin Aus berkata; "Thalhah bin Ubaidullah memanggilku hingga kami pun saling tawar. Lalu ia menukar dariku dan mengambil emas sembari membolak-balikkannya di atas tangan, kemudian ia berkata; 'Tunggulah hingga bendaharaku datang dari hutan." Saat itu [Umar Umar bin Khattab] mendengarnya, lantas ia berkata; "Jangan kamu tinggalkan ia sehingga kamu benar-benar telah mengambil barang darinya." Umar kemudian berkata lagi, "Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam bersabda: 'Emas dengan emas adalah riba kecuali tunai, perak dengan perak adalah riba kecuali tunai, gandum dengan gandum adalah riba kecuali tunai, kurma dengan kurma adalah riba kecuali tunai dan gandum dengan gandum adalah riba kecuali tunai

41. Muwatta' Malik 1328Shahih

    قَالَ مَالِكٌ الأَمْرُ عِنْدَنَا فِي بَيْعِ الذَّهَبِ بِالذَّهَبِ وَالْوَرِقِ بِالْوَرِقِ مُرَاطَلَةً أَنَّهُ لاَ بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ أَحَدَ عَشَرَ دِينَارًا بِعَشَرَةِ دَنَانِيرَ يَدًا بِيَدٍ إِذَا كَانَ وَزْنُ الذَّهَبَيْنِ سَوَاءً عَيْنًا بِعَيْنٍ وَإِنْ تَفَاضَلَ الْعَدَدُ وَالدَّرَاهِمُ أَيْضًا فِي ذَلِكَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الدَّنَانِيرِ قَالَ مَالِكٌ مَنْ رَاطَلَ ذَهَبًا بِذَهَبٍ أَوْ وَرِقًا بِوَرِقٍ فَكَانَ بَيْنَ الذَّهَبَيْنِ فَضْلُ مِثْقَالٍ فَأَعْطَى صَاحِبَهُ قِيمَتَهُ مِنَ الْوَرِقِ أَوْ مِنْ غَيْرِهَا فَلاَ يَأْخُذُهُ فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ قَبِيحٌ وَذَرِيعَةٌ إِلَى الرِّبَا لأَنَّهُ إِذَا جَازَ لَهُ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ الْمِثْقَالَ بِقِيمَتِهِ حَتَّى كَأَنَّهُ اشْتَرَاهُ عَلَى حِدَتِهِ جَازَ لَهُ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ الْمِثْقَالَ بِقِيمَتِهِ مِرَارًا لأَنْ يُجِيزَ ذَلِكَ الْبَيْعَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ صَاحِبِهِ قَالَ مَالِكٌ وَلَوْ أَنَّهُ بَاعَهُ ذَلِكَ الْمِثْقَالَ مُفْرَدًا لَيْسَ مَعَهُ غَيْرُهُ لَمْ يَأْخُذْهُ بِعُشْرِ الثَّمَنِ الَّذِي أَخَذَهُ بِهِ لأَنْ يُجَوِّزَ لَهُ الْبَيْعَ فَذَلِكَ الذَّرِيعَةُ إِلَى إِحْلاَلِ الْحَرَامِ وَالأَمْرُ الْمَنْهِيُّ عَنْهُ قَالَ مَالِكٌ فِي الرَّجُلِ يُرَاطِلُ الرَّجُلَ وَيُعْطِيهِ الذَّهَبَ الْعُتُقَ الْجِيَادَ وَيَجْعَلُ مَعَهَا تِبْرًا ذَهَبًا غَيْرَ جَيِّدَةٍ وَيَأْخُذُ مِنْ صَاحِبِهِ ذَهَبًا كُوفِيَّةً مُقَطَّعَةً وَتِلْكَ الْكُوفِيَّةُ مَكْرُوهَةٌ عِنْدَ النَّاسِ فَيَتَبَايَعَانِ ذَلِكَ مِثْلاً بِمِثْلٍ إِنَّ ذَلِكَ لاَ يَصْلُحُ قَالَ مَالِكٌ وَتَفْسِيرُ مَا كُرِهَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ صَاحِبَ الذَّهَبِ الْجِيَادِ أَخَذَ فَضْلَ عُيُونِ ذَهَبِهِ فِي التِّبْرِ الَّذِي طَرَحَ مَعَ ذَهَبِهِ وَلَوْلاَ فَضْلُ ذَهَبِهِ عَلَى ذَهَبِ صَاحِبِهِ لَمْ يُرَاطِلْهُ صَاحِبُهُ بِتِبْرِهِ ذَلِكَ إِلَى ذَهَبِهِ الْكُوفِيَّةِ فَامْتَنَعَ وَإِنَّمَا مَثَلُ ذَلِكَ كَمَثَلِ رَجُلٍ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَبْتَاعَ ثَلاَثَةَ أَصْوُعٍ مِنْ تَمْرٍ عَجْوَةٍ بِصَاعَيْنِ وَمُدٍّ مِنْ تَمْرٍ كَبِيسٍ فَقِيلَ لَهُ هَذَا لاَ يَصْلُحُ فَجَعَلَ صَاعَيْنِ مِنْ كَبِيسٍ وَصَاعًا مِنْ حَشَفٍ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يُجِيزَ بِذَلِكَ بَيْعَهُ فَذَلِكَ لاَ يَصْلُحُ لأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ صَاحِبُ الْعَجْوَةِ لِيُعْطِيَهُ صَاعًا مِنَ الْعَجْوَةِ بِصَاعٍ مِنْ حَشَفٍ وَلَكِنَّهُ إِنَّمَا أَعْطَاهُ ذَلِكَ لِفَضْلِ الْكَبِيسِ أَوْ أَنْ يَقُولَ الرَّجُلُ لِلرَّجُلِ بِعْنِي ثَلاَثَةَ أَصْوُعٍ مِنَ الْبَيْضَاءِ بِصَاعَيْنِ وَنِصْفٍ مِنْ حِنْطَةٍ شَامِيَّةٍ فَيَقُولُ هَذَا لاَ يَصْلُحُ إِلاَّ مِثْلاً بِمِثْلٍ فَيَجْعَلُ صَاعَيْنِ مِنْ حِنْطَةٍ شَامِيَّةٍ وَصَاعًا مِنْ شَعِيرٍ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يُجِيزَ بِذَلِكَ الْبَيْعَ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُمَا فَهَذَا لاَ يَصْلُحُ لأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِيُعْطِيَهُ بِصَاعٍ مِنْ شَعِيرٍ صَاعًا مِنْ حِنْطَةٍ بَيْضَاءَ لَوْ كَانَ ذَلِكَ الصَّاعُ مُفْرَدًا وَإِنَّمَا أَعْطَاهُ إِيَّاهُ لِفَضْلِ الشَّامِيَّةِ عَلَى الْبَيْضَاءِ فَهَذَا لاَ يَصْلُحُ وَهُوَ مِثْلُ مَا وَصَفْنَا مِنَ التِّبْرِ قَالَ مَالِكٌ فَكُلُّ شَىْءٍ مِنَ الذَّهَبِ وَالْوَرِقِ وَالطَّعَامِ كُلِّهِ الَّذِي لاَ يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يُبَاعَ إِلاَّ مِثْلاً بِمِثْلٍ فَلاَ يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يُجْعَلَ مَعَ الصِّنْفِ الْجَيِّدِ مِنَ الْمَرْغُوبِ فِيهِ الشَّىْءُ الرَّدِيءُ الْمَسْخُوطُ لِيُجَازَ الْبَيْعُ وَلِيُسْتَحَلَّ بِذَلِكَ مَا نُهِيَ عَنْهُ مِنَ الأَمْرِ الَّذِي لاَ يَصْلُحُ إِذَا جُعِلَ ذَلِكَ مَعَ الصِّنْفِ الْمَرْغُوبِ فِيهِ وَإِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ صَاحِبُ ذَلِكَ أَنْ يُدْرِكَ بِذَلِكَ فَضْلَ جَوْدَةِ مَا يَبِيعُ فَيُعْطِيَ الشَّىْءَ الَّذِي لَوْ أَعْطَاهُ وَحْدَهُ لَمْ يَقْبَلْهُ صَاحِبُهُ وَلَمْ يَهْمُمْ بِذَلِكَ وَإِنَّمَا يَقْبَلُهُ مِنْ أَجْلِ الَّذِي يَأْخُذُ مَعَهُ لِفَضْلِ سِلْعَةِ صَاحِبِهِ عَلَى سِلْعَتِهِ فَلاَ يَنْبَغِي لِشَىْءٍ مِنَ الذَّهَبِ وَالْوَرِقِ وَالطَّعَامِ أَنْ يَدْخُلَهُ شَىْءٌ مِنْ هَذِهِ الصِّفَةِ فَإِنْ أَرَادَ صَاحِبُ الطَّعَامِ الرَّدِيءِ أَنْ يَبِيعَهُ بِغَيْرِهِ فَلْيَبِعْهُ عَلَى حِدَتِهِ وَلاَ يَجْعَلْ مَعَ ذَلِكَ شَيْئًا فَلاَ بَأْسَ بِهِ إِذَا كَانَ كَذَلِكَ

    Telah menceritakan kepadaku Yahya dari Malik dari [Yazid bin Abdullah bin Qusaith Al Laitsi] Bahwasanya ia melihat [Sa'id bin Musayyab] menjual emas dengan emas secara ritl (timbangan). Sa'id bin Musayyab meletakkan emasnya pada piringan neraca, sementara sahabatnya yang bertransaksi dengannya meletakkan emasnya pada piringan neraca yang lain. Jika kedua piringan neraca seimbang, maka terjadilah jual beli

42. Muwatta' Malik 1329Shahih

    مَنِ ابْتَاعَ طَعَامًا فَلاَ يَبِعْهُ حَتَّى يَسْتَوْفِيَهُ

    Telah menceritakan kepadaku Yahya dari Malik dari [Nafi'] dari [Abdullah bin Umar] bahwa Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam bersabda: "Barangsiapa membeli makanan, maka janganlah ia menjualnya kembali hingga ia benar-benar memegang barang (yang akan dijual) nya

43. Muwatta' Malik 1330Shahih

    مَنِ ابْتَاعَ طَعَامًا فَلاَ يَبِعْهُ حَتَّى يَقْبِضَهُ

    Telah menceritakan kepadaku dari Malik dari [Abdullah bin Dinar] dari [Abdullah bin 'Umar] bahwa Rasulullah Shalla Allahu 'alaihi wa sallam bersabda: "Barangsiapa membeli makanan, maka janganlah ia menjualnya kembali hingga ia menerimanya

44. Muwatta' Malik 1331Shahih

    كُنَّا فِي زَمَانِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَبْتَاعُ الطَّعَامَ فَيَبْعَثُ عَلَيْنَا مَنْ يَأْمُرُنَا بِانْتِقَالِهِ مِنَ الْمَكَانِ الَّذِي ابْتَعْنَاهُ فِيهِ إِلَى مَكَانٍ سِوَاهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ نَبِيعَهُ

    Telah menceritakan kepadaku dari Malik dari [Nafi'] dari [Abdullah bin Umar] berkata; "Pada masa Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam kami pernah membeli makanan, kemudian Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam mengutus seseorang kepada kami untuk memerintahkan agar kami memindahkan makanan dari tempat kami membelinya ke tempat lain sebelum kami menjualnya

45. Muwatta' Malik 1332Penilai berbeda pendapat

    أَنَّ حَكِيمَ بْنَ حِزَامٍ ابْتَاعَ طَعَامًا أَمَرَ بِهِ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ لِلنَّاسِ فَبَاعَ حَكِيمٌ الطَّعَامَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَسْتَوْفِيَهُ فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ فَرَدَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَقَالَ لاَ تَبِعْ طَعَامًا ابْتَعْتَهُ حَتَّى تَسْتَوْفِيَهُ

    Telah menceritakan kepadaku dari Malik dari [Nafi'] bahwa Hakim bin Hizam membeli makanan untuk diberikan kepada manusia karena diperintahkan Umar bin Khattab. Lalu Hakim menjualnya kembali sebelum dia menerimanya. Kejadian itu lalu sampai kepada Umar bin Khattab, maka Umar pun mengembalikan makanan tersebut kepadanya. Kemudian [Umar] berkata; "Janganlah kamu menjual makanan yang telah kamu beli, sehingga kamu menerimanya

46. Muwatta' Malik 1333Penilai berbeda pendapat

    أَنَّ صُكُوكًا خَرَجَتْ لِلنَّاسِ فِي زَمَانِ مَرْوَانَ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ مِنْ طَعَامِ الْجَارِ فَتَبَايَعَ النَّاسُ تِلْكَ الصُّكُوكَ بَيْنَهُمْ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَسْتَوْفُوهَا فَدَخَلَ زَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ وَرَجُلٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى مَرْوَانَ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ فَقَالاَ أَتُحِلُّ بَيْعَ الرِّبَا يَا مَرْوَانُ فَقَالَ أَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ وَمَا ذَاكَ فَقَالاَ هَذِهِ الصُّكُوكُ تَبَايَعَهَا النَّاسُ ثُمَّ بَاعُوهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَسْتَوْفُوهَا فَبَعَثَ مَرْوَانُ الْحَرَسَ يَتْبَعُونَهَا يَنْزِعُونَهَا مِنْ أَيْدِي النَّاسِ وَيَرُدُّونَهَا إِلَى أَهْلِهَا

    Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that receipts were given to people in the time of Marwan ibn al-Hakam for the produce of the market at al-Jar. People bought and sold the receipts among themselves before they took delivery of the goods. Zayd Thabit and one of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ went to Marwan ibn al-Hakam and said, "Marwan! Do you make usury halal?" He said, "I seek refuge with Allah! What is that?" He said, "These receipts which people buy and sell before they take delivery of the goods." Marwan therefore sent a guard to follow them and to take them from people's hands and return them to their owners.

47. Muwatta' Malik 1334Penilai berbeda pendapat

    أَنْ يَبْتَاعَ طَعَامًا مِنْ رَجُلٍ إِلَى أَجَلٍ فَذَهَبَ بِهِ الرَّجُلُ الَّذِي يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَبِيعَهُ الطَّعَامَ إِلَى السُّوقِ فَجَعَلَ يُرِيهِ الصُّبَرَ وَيَقُولُ لَهُ مِنْ أَيِّهَا تُحِبُّ أَنْ أَبْتَاعَ لَكَ فَقَالَ الْمُبْتَاعُ أَتَبِيعُنِي مَا لَيْسَ عِنْدَكَ فَأَتَيَا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ فَذَكَرَا ذَلِكَ لَهُ فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ لِلْمُبْتَاعِ لاَ تَبْتَعْ مِنْهُ مَا لَيْسَ عِنْدَهُ وَقَالَ لِلْبَائِعِ لاَ تَبِعْ مَا لَيْسَ عِنْدَكَ

    Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that a man wanted to buy food from a man in advance. The man who wanted to sell the food to him went with him to the market, and he began to show him heaps, saying, "Which one would you like me to buy for you." The buyer said to him, "Are you selling me what you do not have?" So they came to Abdullah ibn Umarand mentioned that to him. Abdallah ibn Umar said to the buyer, "Do not buy from him what he does not have." He said to the seller, "Do not sell what you do not have."

48. Muwatta' Malik 1335Shahih

    سَمِعَ جَمِيلَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْمُؤَذِّنَ يَقُولُ لِسَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ إِنِّي رَجُلٌ أَبْتَاعُ مِنَ الأَرْزَاقِ الَّتِي تُعْطَى النَّاسُ بِالْجَارِ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ ثُمَّ أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَبِيعَ الطَّعَامَ الْمَضْمُونَ عَلَىَّ إِلَى أَجَلٍ فَقَالَ لَهُ سَعِيدٌ أَتُرِيدُ أَنْ تُوَفِّيَهُمْ مِنْ تِلْكَ الأَرْزَاقِ الَّتِي ابْتَعْتَ فَقَالَ نَعَمْ فَنَهَاهُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ

    Telah menceritakan kepadaku dari Malik dari [Yahya bin Sa'id] bahwa dia telah mendengar Jamil bin Abdurrahman Al muadzin berkata kepada [Sa'id bin Musayyab]; "Saya adalah orang yang membeli rezeki-rezeki yang diberikan kepada orang-orang di Al Jar berkat kehendak Allah. Saya hendak menjual makanan yang dititipkan kepadaku dengan penangguhan." Sa'id pun bertanya kepadanya; "Apakah kamu akan memberi (harga) penuh dari barang yang telah engkau beli?" dia menjawab; "Ya." Maka Sa'id melarangnya

49. Muwatta' Malik 1336Shahih

    سَمِعَ سَعِيدَ بْنَ الْمُسَيَّبِ وَسُلَيْمَانَ بْنَ يَسَارٍ يَنْهَيَانِ أَنْ يَبِيعَ الرَّجُلُ حِنْطَةً بِذَهَبٍ إِلَى أَجَلٍ ثُمَّ يَشْتَرِيَ بِالذَّهَبِ تَمْرًا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقْبِضَ الذَّهَبَ

    Telah menceritakan kepadaku Yahya dari Malik dari [Abu Az Zinad] bahwa dia mendengar [Sa'id bin Musayyab] dan [Sulaiman bin Yasar] bahwa mereka berdua melarang seseorang menjual gandum dengan emas dengan penangguhan, lalu membeli kurma dengan emas sebelum menerima emas tersebut

50. Muwatta' Malik 1337Shahih

    عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَبِيعُ الطَّعَامَ مِنَ الرَّجُلِ بِذَهَبٍ إِلَى أَجَلٍ ثُمَّ يَشْتَرِي بِالذَّهَبِ تَمْرًا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقْبِضَ الذَّهَبَ فَكَرِهَ ذَلِكَ وَنَهَى عَنْهُ وَحَدَّثَنِي عَنْ مَالِكٍ عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ بِمِثْلِ ذَلِكَ قَالَ مَالِكٌ وَإِنَّمَا نَهَى سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيَّبِ وَسُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ يَسَارٍ وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ وَابْنُ شِهَابٍ عَنْ أَنْ لاَ يَبِيعَ الرَّجُلُ حِنْطَةً بِذَهَبٍ ثُمَّ يَشْتَرِيَ الرَّجُلُ بِالذَّهَبِ تَمْرًا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقْبِضَ الذَّهَبَ مِنْ بَيْعِهِ الَّذِي اشْتَرَى مِنْهُ الْحِنْطَةَ فَأَمَّا أَنْ يَشْتَرِيَ بِالذَّهَبِ الَّتِي بَاعَ بِهَا الْحِنْطَةَ إِلَى أَجَلٍ تَمْرًا مِنْ غَيْرِ بَائِعِهِ الَّذِي بَاعَ مِنْهُ الْحِنْطَةَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقْبِضَ الذَّهَبَ وَيُحِيلَ الَّذِي اشْتَرَى مِنْهُ التَّمْرَ عَلَى غَرِيمِهِ الَّذِي بَاعَ مِنْهُ الْحِنْطَةَ بِالذَّهَبِ الَّتِي لَهُ عَلَيْهِ فِي ثَمَنِ التَّمْرِ فَلاَ بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ قَالَ مَالِكٌ وَقَدْ سَأَلْتُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ غَيْرَ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ فَلَمْ يَرَوْا بِهِ بَأْسًا

    Telah menceritakan kepadaku dari Malik dari [Katsir bin Farqad] Bahwasanya ia bertanya kepada [Abu Bakar bin Muhammad bin 'Amru bin Hazm] tentang seorang lelaki yang menjual makanan dengan emas kepada lelaki lain dengan penangguhan, lalu dia membeli kurma dengan emas sebelum emas tersebut diterima. Lalu Abu Bakar bin Muhammad membenci hal tersebut dan melarangnya." Telah menceritakan kepadaku dari Malik dari [Ibnu Syihab] seperti hadits tersebut

51. Muwatta' Malik 1339Shahih

    بِأَنْ يُسَلِّفَ الرَّجُلُ الرَّجُلَ فِي الطَّعَامِ الْمَوْصُوفِ بِسِعْرٍ مَعْلُومٍ إِلَى أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى مَا لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي زَرْعٍ لَمْ يَبْدُ صَلاَحُهُ أَوْ تَمْرٍ لَمْ يَبْدُ صَلاَحُهُ قَالَ مَالِكٌ الأَمْرُ عِنْدَنَا فِيمَنْ سَلَّفَ فِي طَعَامٍ بِسِعْرٍ مَعْلُومٍ إِلَى أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى فَحَلَّ الأَجَلُ فَلَمْ يَجِدِ الْمُبْتَاعُ عِنْدَ الْبَائِعِ وَفَاءً مِمَّا ابْتَاعَ مِنْهُ فَأَقَالَهُ فَإِنَّهُ لاَ يَنْبَغِي لَهُ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنْهُ إِلاَّ وَرِقَهُ أَوْ ذَهَبَهُ أَوِ الثَّمَنَ الَّذِي دَفَعَ إِلَيْهِ بِعَيْنِهِ وَإِنَّهُ لاَ يَشْتَرِي مِنْهُ بِذَلِكَ الثَّمَنِ شَيْئًا حَتَّى يَقْبِضَهُ مِنْهُ وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ إِذَا أَخَذَ غَيْرَ الثَّمَنِ الَّذِي دَفَعَ إِلَيْهِ أَوْ صَرَفَهُ فِي سِلْعَةٍ غَيْرِ الطَّعَامِ الَّذِي ابْتَاعَ مِنْهُ فَهُوَ بَيْعُ الطَّعَامِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُسْتَوْفَى قَالَ مَالِكٌ وَقَدْ نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ بَيْعِ الطَّعَامِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُسْتَوْفَى قَالَ مَالِكٌ فَإِنْ نَدِمَ الْمُشْتَرِي فَقَالَ لِلْبَائِعِ أَقِلْنِي وَأُنْظِرُكَ بِالثَّمَنِ الَّذِي دَفَعْتُ إِلَيْكَ فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ لاَ يَصْلُحُ وَأَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ يَنْهَوْنَ عَنْهُ وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ لَمَّا حَلَّ الطَّعَامُ لِلْمُشْتَرِي عَلَى الْبَائِعِ أَخَّرَ عَنْهُ حَقَّهُ عَلَى أَنْ يُقِيلَهُ فَكَانَ ذَلِكَ بَيْعَ الطَّعَامِ إِلَى أَجَلٍ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُسْتَوْفَى قَالَ مَالِكٌ وَتَفْسِيرُ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ الْمُشْتَرِيَ حِينَ حَلَّ الأَجَلُ وَكَرِهَ الطَّعَامَ أَخَذَ بِهِ دِينَارًا إِلَى أَجَلٍ وَلَيْسَ ذَلِكَ بِالإِقَالَةِ وَإِنَّمَا الإِقَالَةُ مَا لَمْ يَزْدَدْ فِيهِ الْبَائِعُ وَلاَ الْمُشْتَرِي فَإِذَا وَقَعَتْ فِيهِ الزِّيَادَةُ بِنَسِيئَةٍ إِلَى أَجَلٍ أَوْ بِشَىْءٍ يَزْدَادُهُ أَحَدُهُمَا عَلَى صَاحِبِهِ أَوْ بِشَىْءٍ يَنْتَفِعُ بِهِ أَحَدُهُمَا فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ لَيْسَ بِالإِقَالَةِ وَإِنَّمَا تَصِيرُ الإِقَالَةُ إِذَا فَعَلاَ ذَلِكَ بَيْعًا وَإِنَّمَا أُرْخِصَ فِي الإِقَالَةِ وَالشِّرْكِ وَالتَّوْلِيَةِ مَا لَمْ يَدْخُلْ شَيْئًا مِنْ ذَلِكَ زِيَادَةٌ أَوْ نُقْصَانٌ أَوْ نَظِرَةٌ فَإِنْ دَخَلَ ذَلِكَ زِيَادَةٌ أَوْ نُقْصَانٌ أَوْ نَظِرَةٌ صَارَ بَيْعًا يُحِلُّهُ مَا يُحِلُّ الْبَيْعَ وَيُحَرِّمُهُ مَا يُحَرِّمُ الْبَيْعَ قَالَ مَالِكٌ مَنْ سَلَّفَ فِي حِنْطَةٍ شَامِيَّةٍ فَلاَ بَأْسَ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مَحْمُولَةً بَعْدَ مَحِلِّ الأَجَلِ قَالَ مَالِكٌ وَكَذَلِكَ مَنْ سَلَّفَ فِي صِنْفٍ مِنَ الأَصْنَافِ فَلاَ بَأْسَ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ خَيْرًا مِمَّا سَلَّفَ فِيهِ أَوْ أَدْنَى بَعْدَ مَحِلِّ الأَجَلِ وَتَفْسِيرُ ذَلِكَ أَنْ يُسَلِّفَ الرَّجُلُ فِي حِنْطَةٍ مَحْمُولَةٍ فَلاَ بَأْسَ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ شَعِيرًا أَوْ شَامِيَّةً وَإِنْ سَلَّفَ فِي تَمْرٍ عَجْوَةٍ فَلاَ بَأْسَ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ صَيْحَانِيًّا أَوْ جَمْعًا وَإِنْ سَلَّفَ فِي زَبِيبٍ أَحْمَرَ فَلاَ بَأْسَ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ أَسْوَدَ إِذَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ كُلُّهُ بَعْدَ مَحِلِّ الأَجَلِ إِذَا كَانَتْ مَكِيلَةُ ذَلِكَ سَوَاءً بِمِثْلِ كَيْلِ مَا سَلَّفَ فِيهِ

    Telah menceritakan kepadaku Yahya dari Malik dari [Nafi'] dari [Abdullah bin Umar] berkata; "Seseorang boleh menghutangkan makanan tertentu kepada orang lain, dengan harga yang telah diketahui, dan dengan tempo pembayaran yang telah ditentukan, selama hal itu bukan berupa tanaman yang belum jelas kematangannya atau kurma yang belum tampak matang

52. Muwatta' Malik 1340Penilai berbeda pendapat

    فَقَالَ لِغُلاَمِهِ خُذْ مِنْ حِنْطَةِ أَهْلِكَ فَابْتَعْ بِهَا شَعِيرًا وَلاَ تَأْخُذْ إِلاَّ مِثْلَهُ

    Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that Sulayman ibn Yasar said, "The fodder of the donkeys of Saad ibn Abi Waqqas ran out and so he told his slave to take some of the family's wheat and buy barley with it, and to only take a like quantity."

53. Muwatta' Malik 1341Shahih

    أَنَّ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ الأَسْوَدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ يَغُوثَ فَنِيَ عَلَفُ دَابَّتِهِ فَقَالَ لِغُلاَمِهِ خُذْ مِنْ حِنْطَةِ أَهْلِكَ طَعَامًا فَابْتَعْ بِهَا شَعِيرًا وَلاَ تَأْخُذْ إِلاَّ مِثْلَهُ

    Telah menceritakan kepadaku dari Malik dari [Nafi'] dari [Sulaiman bin Yasar] ia mengabarkan kepada, bahwa [Abdurrahman bin Al Aswad bin Abdu Yaghuts] suatu ketika makanan ternak miliknya habis. Lalu dia menyuruh budaknya; "Ambillah gandum keluargamu. Gunakan itu untuk membeli jemawut, dan jangan kamu ambil kecuali jika sama beratnya." Telah menceritakan kepadaku dari Malik telah sampai kepadanya, dari Al Qasim bin Muhammad bin Mu'aiqib Ad Dausi seperti hadits tersebut. Malik berkata; "Itulah pendapat yang kami pakai

54. Muwatta' Malik 1342Penilai berbeda pendapat

    أَنْ لاَ تُبَاعَ الْحِنْطَةُ بِالْحِنْطَةِ وَلاَ التَّمْرُ بِالتَّمْرِ وَلاَ الْحِنْطَةُ بِالتَّمْرِ وَلاَ التَّمْرُ بِالزَّبِيبِ وَلاَ الْحِنْطَةُ بِالزَّبِيبِ وَلاَ شَىْءٌ مِنَ الطَّعَامِ كُلِّهِ إِلاَّ يَدًا بِيَدٍ فَإِنْ دَخَلَ شَيْئًا مِنْ ذَلِكَ الأَجَلُ لَمْ يَصْلُحْ وَكَانَ حَرَامًا وَلاَ شَىْءَ مِنَ الأُدْمِ كُلِّهَا إِلاَّ يَدًا بِيَدٍ قَالَ مَالِكٌ وَلاَ يُبَاعُ شَىْءٌ مِنَ الطَّعَامِ وَالأُدْمِ إِذَا كَانَ مِنْ صِنْفٍ وَاحِدٍ اثْنَانِ بِوَاحِدٍ فَلاَ يُبَاعُ مُدُّ حِنْطَةٍ بِمُدَّىْ حِنْطَةٍ وَلاَ مُدُّ تَمْرٍ بِمُدَّىْ تَمْرٍ وَلاَ مُدُّ زَبِيبٍ بِمُدَّىْ زَبِيبٍ وَلاَ مَا أَشْبَهَ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْحُبُوبِ وَالأُدْمِ كُلِّهَا إِذَا كَانَ مِنْ صِنْفٍ وَاحِدٍ وَإِنْ كَانَ يَدًا بِيَدٍ إِنَّمَا ذَلِكَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْوَرِقِ بِالْوَرِقِ وَالذَّهَبِ بِالذَّهَبِ لاَ يَحِلُّ فِي شَىْءٍ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْفَضْلُ وَلاَ يَحِلُّ إِلاَّ مِثْلاً بِمِثْلٍ يَدًا بِيَدٍ قَالَ مَالِكٌ وَإِذَا اخْتَلَفَ مَا يُكَالُ أَوْ يُوزَنُ مِمَّا يُؤْكَلُ أَوْ يُشْرَبُ فَبَانَ اخْتِلاَفُهُ فَلاَ بَأْسَ أَنْ يُؤْخَذَ مِنْهُ اثْنَانِ بِوَاحِدٍ يَدًا بِيَدٍ وَلاَ بَأْسَ أَنْ يُؤْخَذَ صَاعٌ مِنْ تَمْرٍ بِصَاعَيْنِ مِنْ حِنْطَةٍ وَصَاعٌ مِنْ تَمْرٍ بِصَاعَيْنِ مِنْ زَبِيبٍ وَصَاعٌ مِنْ حِنْطَةٍ بِصَاعَيْنِ مِنْ سَمْنٍ فَإِذَا كَانَ الصِّنْفَانِ مِنْ هَذَا مُخْتَلِفَيْنِ فَلاَ بَأْسَ بِاثْنَيْنِ مِنْهُ بِوَاحِدٍ أَوْ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ يَدًا بِيَدٍ فَإِنْ دَخَلَ ذَلِكَ الأَجَلُ فَلاَ يَحِلُّ قَالَ مَالِكٌ وَلاَ تَحِلُّ صُبْرَةُ الْحِنْطَةِ بِصُبْرَةِ الْحِنْطَةِ وَلاَ بَأْسَ بِصُبْرَةِ الْحِنْطَةِ بِصُبْرَةِ التَّمْرِ يَدًا بِيَدٍ وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ لاَ بَأْسَ أَنْ يُشْتَرَى الْحِنْطَةُ بِالتَّمْرِ جِزَافًا قَالَ مَالِكٌ وَكُلُّ مَا اخْتَلَفَ مِنَ الطَّعَامِ وَالأُدْمِ فَبَانَ اخْتِلاَفُهُ فَلاَ بَأْسَ أَنْ يُشْتَرَى بَعْضُهُ بِبَعْضٍ جِزَافًا يَدًا بِيَدٍ فَإِنْ دَخَلَهُ الأَجَلُ فَلاَ خَيْرَ فِيهِ وَإِنَّمَا اشْتِرَاءُ ذَلِكَ جِزَافًا كَاشْتِرَاءِ بَعْضِ ذَلِكَ بِالذَّهَبِ وَالْوَرِقِ جِزَافًا قَالَ مَالِكٌ وَذَلِكَ أَنَّكَ تَشْتَرِي الْحِنْطَةَ بِالْوَرِقِ جِزَافًا وَالتَّمْرَ بِالذَّهَبِ جِزَافًا فَهَذَا حَلاَلٌ لاَ بَأْسَ بِهِ قَالَ مَالِكٌ وَمَنْ صَبَّرَ صُبْرَةَ طَعَامٍ وَقَدْ عَلِمَ كَيْلَهَا ثُمَّ بَاعَهَا جِزَافًا وَكَتَمَ الْمُشْتَرِي كَيْلَهَا فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ لاَ يَصْلُحُ فَإِنْ أَحَبَّ الْمُشْتَرِي أَنْ يَرُدَّ ذَلِكَ الطَّعَامَ عَلَى الْبَائِعِ رَدَّهُ بِمَا كَتَمَهُ كَيْلَهُ وَغَرَّهُ وَكَذَلِكَ كُلُّ مَا عَلِمَ الْبَائِعُ كَيْلَهُ وَعَدَدَهُ مِنَ الطَّعَامِ وَغَيْرِهِ ثُمَّ بَاعَهُ جِزَافًا وَلَمْ يَعْلَمِ الْمُشْتَرِي ذَلِكَ فَإِنَّ الْمُشْتَرِيَ إِنْ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يَرُدَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَى الْبَائِعِ رَدَّهُ وَلَمْ يَزَلْ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ يَنْهَوْنَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ قَالَ مَالِكٌ وَلاَ خَيْرَ فِي الْخُبْزِ قُرْصٍ بِقُرْصَيْنِ وَلاَ عَظِيمٍ بِصَغِيرٍ إِذَا كَانَ بَعْضُ ذَلِكَ أَكْبَرَ مِنْ بَعْضٍ فَأَمَّا إِذَا كَانَ يَتَحَرَّى أَنْ يَكُونَ مِثْلاً بِمِثْلٍ فَلاَ بَأْسَ بِهِ وَإِنْ لَمْ يُوزَنْ قَالَ مَالِكٌ لاَ يَصْلُحُ مُدُّ زُبْدٍ وَمُدُّ لَبَنٍ بِمُدَّىْ زُبْدٍ وَهُوَ مِثْلُ الَّذِي وَصَفْنَا مِنَ التَّمْرِ الَّذِي يُبَاعُ صَاعَيْنِ مِنْ كَبِيسٍ وَصَاعًا مِنْ حَشَفٍ بِثَلاَثَةِ أَصْوُعٍ مِنْ عَجْوَةٍ حِينَ قَالَ لِصَاحِبِهِ إِنَّ صَاعَيْنِ مِنْ كَبِيسٍ بِثَلاَثَةِ أَصْوُعٍ مِنَ الْعَجْوَةِ لاَ يَصْلُحُ فَفَعَلَ ذَلِكَ لِيُجِيزَ بَيْعَهُ وَإِنَّمَا جَعَلَ صَاحِبُ اللَّبَنِ اللَّبَنَ مَعَ زُبْدِهِ لِيَأْخُذَ فَضْلَ زُبْدِهِ عَلَى زُبْدِ صَاحِبِهِ حِينَ أَدْخَلَ مَعَهُ اللَّبَنَ قَالَ مَالِكٌ وَالدَّقِيقُ بِالْحِنْطَةِ مِثْلاً بِمِثْلٍ لاَ بَأْسَ بِهِ وَذَلِكَ لأَنَّهُ أَخْلَصَ الدَّقِيقَ فَبَاعَهُ بِالْحِنْطَةِ مِثْلاً بِمِثْلٍ وَلَوْ جَعَلَ نِصْفَ الْمُدِّ مِنْ دَقِيقٍ وَنِصْفَهُ مِنْ حِنْطَةٍ فَبَاعَ ذَلِكَ بِمُدٍّ مِنْ حِنْطَةٍ كَانَ ذَلِكَ مِثْلَ الَّذِي وَصَفْنَا لاَ يَصْلُحُ لأَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ فَضْلَ حِنْطَتِهِ الْجَيِّدَةِ حَتَّى جَعَلَ مَعَهَا الدَّقِيقَ فَهَذَا لاَ يَصْلُحُ

    Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard the same as that from al-Qasim ibn Muhammad from Ibn Muayqib ad-Dawsi. Malik said, "This is the way of doing things among us. " Malik said, "The generally agreed on way of doing things among us is that wheat is not sold for wheat, dates for dates, wheat for dates, dates for raisins, wheat for raisins, nor any kind of food sold for food at all, except from hand to hand. If there is any sort of delayed terms in the transaction, it is not good. It is haram. Condiments are not bartered except from hand to hand." Malik said, "Food and condiments are not bartered when they are the same type, two of one kind for one of the other. A mudd of wheat is not sold for two mudds of wheat, nor a mudd of dates for two mudds of dates, nor a mudd of raisins for two mudds of raisins, nor is anything of that sort done with grains and condiments when they are of one kind, even if it is hand to hand. "This is the same position as silver for silver and gold for gold. No increase is halal in the transaction, and only like for like, from hand to hand is halal." Malik said, "If there is a clear difference in foodstuffs which are measured and weighed, there is no harm in taking two of one kind for one of another, hand to hand. There is no harm in taking a sa of dates for two sa of wheat, and a sa of dates for two sa of raisins, and a sa of wheat for two sa of ghee. If the two sorts in the transaction are different, there is no harm in two for one or more than that from hand to hand. If delayed terms enter into the sale, it is not halal." Malik said, "It is not halal to trade a heap of wheat for a heap of wheat. There is no harm in a heap of wheat for a heap of dates, from hand to hand. That is because there is no harm in buying wheat with dates without precise measurement." Malik said, "With kinds of foods and condiments that differ from each other, and the difference is clear, there is no harm in bartering one kind for another, without precise measurement from hand to hand. If delayed terms enter into the sale, there is no good in it. Bartering such things without precise measurement is like buying it with gold and silver without measuring precisely." Malik said, "That is because you buy wheat with silver without measuring precisely, and dates with gold without measuring precisely, and it is halal. There is no harm in it." Malik said, "It is not good for someone to make a heap of food, knowing its measure and then to sell it as if it had not been measured precisely, concealing its measure from the buyer. If the buyer wants to return that food to the seller, he can, because he concealed its measure and so it is an uncertain transaction. This is done with any kind of food or other goods whose measure and number the seller knows, and which he then sells without measurement and the buyer does not know that. If the buyer wants to return that to the seller, he can return t. The people of knowledge still forbid such a transaction." Malik said, "There is no good in selling one round loaf of bread for two round loaves, nor large for small when some of them are bigger than others. When care is taken that they are like for like, there is no harm in the sale, even if they are not weighed." Malik said, "It is not good to sell a mudd of butter and a mudd of milk for two mudds of butter. This is like what we described of selling dates when two sa of kabis and a sa of poor quality dates were sold for three sa of ajwa dates after the buyer had said to the seller, 'Two sa of kabis dates for three sa of ajwa dates is not good,' and then he did that to make the transaction possible. The owner of the milk puts the milk with his butter so that he can use the superiority of his butter over the butter of the other party to put his milk in with it." Malik said, "Flour for wheat is like for like, and there is no harm in that. That is if he does not mix up anything with the flour and sell it for wheat, like for like. Had he put half a mudd of flour and half of wheat, and then sold that for a mudd of wheat, it would be like what we described, and it would not be good because he would want to use the superiority of his good wheat to put flour along with it. Such a transaction is not good."

55. Muwatta' Malik 1343Shahih

    فَقَالَ إِنِّي رَجُلٌ أَبْتَاعُ الطَّعَامَ يَكُونُ مِنَ الصُّكُوكِ بِالْجَارِ فَرُبَّمَا ابْتَعْتُ مِنْهُ بِدِينَارٍ وَنِصْفِ دِرْهَمٍ فَأُعْطَى بِالنِّصْفِ طَعَامًا فَقَالَ سَعِيدٌ لاَ وَلَكِنْ أَعْطِ أَنْتَ دِرْهَمًا وَخُذْ بَقِيَّتَهُ طَعَامًا

    Telah menceritakan kepadaku Yahya dari Malik dari [Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Abu Maryam] Bahwasanya ia pernah bertanya kepada [Sa'id bin Musayyab]; "Saya membeli makanan saat surat berharga beredar di Al Jar. Kemudian ketika saya telah membeli makanan itu seharga satu dinar setengah dirham, saya diberi separuh dari makanan yang ada." Sa'id menjawab; 'Tidak, berikanlah satu dirham, dan ambillah sisanya berupa makanan

56. Muwatta' Malik 1344Penilai berbeda pendapat

    أَنَّ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ سِيرِينَ كَانَ يَقُولُ لاَ تَبِيعُوا الْحَبَّ فِي سُنْبُلِهِ حَتَّى يَبْيَضَّ قَالَ مَالِكٌ مَنِ اشْتَرَى طَعَامًا بِسِعْرٍ مَعْلُومٍ إِلَى أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى فَلَمَّا حَلَّ الأَجَلُ قَالَ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ الطَّعَامُ لِصَاحِبِهِ لَيْسَ عِنْدِي طَعَامٌ فَبِعْنِي الطَّعَامَ الَّذِي لَكَ عَلَىَّ إِلَى أَجَلٍ فَيَقُولُ صَاحِبُ الطَّعَامِ هَذَا لاَ يَصْلُحُ لأَنَّهُ قَدْ نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ بَيْعِ الطَّعَامِ حَتَّى يُسْتَوْفَى فَيَقُولُ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ الطَّعَامُ لِغَرِيمِهِ فَبِعْنِي طَعَامًا إِلَى أَجَلٍ حَتَّى أَقْضِيَكَهُ فَهَذَا لاَ يَصْلُحُ لأَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا يُعْطِيهِ طَعَامًا ثُمَّ يَرُدُّهُ إِلَيْهِ فَيَصِيرُ الذَّهَبُ الَّذِي أَعْطَاهُ ثَمَنَ الَّذِي كَانَ لَهُ عَلَيْهِ وَيَصِيرُ الطَّعَامُ الَّذِي أَعْطَاهُ مُحَلَّلاً فِيمَا بَيْنَهُمَا وَيَكُونُ ذَلِكَ إِذَا فَعَلاَهُ بَيْعَ الطَّعَامِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُسْتَوْفَى قَالَ مَالِكٌ فِي رَجُلٍ لَهُ عَلَى رَجُلٍ طَعَامٌ ابْتَاعَهُ مِنْهُ وَلِغَرِيمِهِ عَلَى رَجُلٍ طَعَامٌ مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ الطَّعَامِ فَقَالَ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ الطَّعَامُ لِغَرِيمِهِ أُحِيلُكَ عَلَى غَرِيمٍ لِي عَلَيْهِ مِثْلُ الطَّعَامِ الَّذِي لَكَ عَلَىَّ بِطَعَامِكَ الَّذِي لَكَ عَلَىَّ قَالَ مَالِكٌ إِنْ كَانَ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ الطَّعَامُ إِنَّمَا هُوَ طَعَامٌ ابْتَاعَهُ فَأَرَادَ أَنْ يُحِيلَ غَرِيمَهُ بِطَعَامٍ ابْتَاعَهُ فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ لاَ يَصْلُحُ وَذَلِكَ بَيْعُ الطَّعَامِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُسْتَوْفَى فَإِنْ كَانَ الطَّعَامُ سَلَفًا حَالاًّ فَلاَ بَأْسَ أَنْ يُحِيلَ بِهِ غَرِيمَهُ لأَنَّ ذَلِكَ لَيْسَ بِبَيْعٍ وَلاَ يَحِلُّ بَيْعُ الطَّعَامِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُسْتَوْفَى لِنَهْىِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ ذَلِكَ غَيْرَ أَنَّ أَهْلَ الْعِلْمِ قَدِ اجْتَمَعُوا عَلَى أَنَّهُ لاَ بَأْسَ بِالشِّرْكِ وَالتَّوْلِيَةِ وَالإِقَالَةِ فِي الطَّعَامِ وَغَيْرِهِ قَالَ مَالِكٌ وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ أَهْلَ الْعِلْمِ أَنْزَلُوهُ عَلَى وَجْهِ الْمَعْرُوفِ وَلَمْ يُنْزِلُوهُ عَلَى وَجْهِ الْبَيْعِ وَذَلِكَ مِثْلُ الرَّجُلِ يُسَلِّفُ الدَّرَاهِمَ النُّقَّصَ فَيُقْضَى دَرَاهِمَ وَازِنَةً فِيهَا فَضْلٌ فَيَحِلُّ لَهُ ذَلِكَ وَيَجُوزُ وَلَوِ اشْتَرَى مِنْهُ دَرَاهِمَ نُقَّصًا بِوَازِنَةٍ لَمْ يَحِلَّ ذَلِكَ وَلَوِ اشْتَرَطَ عَلَيْهِ حِينَ أَسْلَفَهُ وَازِنَةً وَإِنَّمَا أَعْطَاهُ نُقَّصًا لَمْ يَحِلَّ لَهُ ذَلِكَ

    Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that Muhammad Sirin used to say, "Do not sell grain on the ears until it is white." Malik said, "If someone buys food for a known price to be delivered at a stated date, and when the date comes, the one who owes the food says, 'I do not have any food, sell me the food which I owe you with delayed terms.' The owner of the food says, 'This is not good, because the Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade selling food until the deal was completed.' The one who owes the food says to his creditor, 'Sell me any kind of food on delayed terms until I discharge the debt to you.' This is not good because he gives him food and then he returns it to him. The gold which he gave him becomes the price of that which is his right against him and the food which he gave him becomes what clears what is between them. If they do that, it becomes the sale of food before the deal is complete." Malik spoke about a man who was owed food which he had purchased from a man and this man was owed the like of that food by another man. The one who owed the food said to his creditor, "I will refer you to my debtor who owes me the same amount of food as I owe you, so that you may obtain the food which I owe you." Malik said, "If the man who had to deliver the food, had gone out, and bought the food to pay off his creditor, that is not good. That is selling food before taking possession of it. If the food is an advance which falls due at that particular time, there is no harm in paying off his creditor with it because that is nota sale. It is not halal to sell food before receiving it in full since the Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade that. However, the people of knowledge agree that there is no harm in partnership, transfer of responsibility and revocation in sales of food and other goods." Malik said, "That is because the people of knowledge consider it as a favour rendered. They do not consider it as a sale. It is like a man lending light dirhams. He is then paid back in dirhams of full weight, and so gets back more than he lent. That is halal for him and permitted. Had a man bought defective dirhams from him as being the full weight, that would not be halal. Had it been stipulated to him that he lend full weight in dirhams, and then he gave faulty ones, that would not be halal for him."

57. Muwatta' Malik 31-57Shahih

    قَالَ مَالِكٌ وَمِمَّا يُشْبِهُ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ الْمُزَابَنَةِ وَأَرْخَصَ فِي بَيْعِ الْعَرَايَا بِخَرْصِهَا مِنَ التَّمْرِ وَإِنَّمَا فُرِقَ بَيْنَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ بَيْعَ الْمُزَابَنَةِ بَيْعٌ عَلَى وَجْهِ الْمُكَايَسَةِ وَالتِّجَارَةِ وَأَنَّ بَيْعَ الْعَرَايَا عَلَى وَجْهِ الْمَعْرُوفِ لاَ مُكَايَسَةَ فِيهِ قَالَ مَالِكٌ وَلاَ يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يَشْتَرِيَ رَجُلٌ طَعَامًا بِرُبُعٍ أَوْ ثُلُثٍ أَوْ كِسْرٍ مِنْ دِرْهَمٍ عَلَى أَنْ يُعْطَى بِذَلِكَ طَعَامًا إِلَى أَجَلٍ وَلاَ بَأْسَ أَنْ يَبْتَاعَ الرَّجُلُ طَعَامًا بِكِسْرٍ مِنْ دِرْهَمٍ إِلَى أَجَلٍ ثُمَّ يُعْطَى دِرْهَمًا وَيَأْخُذُ بِمَا بَقِيَ لَهُ مِنْ دِرْهَمِهِ سِلْعَةً مِنَ السِّلَعِ لأَنَّهُ أَعْطَى الْكِسْرَ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ فِضَّةً وَأَخَذَ بِبَقِيَّةِ دِرْهَمِهِ سِلْعَةً فَهَذَا لاَ بَأْسَ بِهِ قَالَ مَالِكٌ وَلاَ بَأْسَ أَنْ يَضَعَ الرَّجُلُ عِنْدَ الرَّجُلِ دِرْهَمًا ثُمَّ يَأْخُذُ مِنْهُ بِرُبُعٍ أَوْ بِثُلُثٍ أَوْ بِكِسْرٍ مَعْلُومٍ سِلْعَةً مَعْلُومَةً فَإِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي ذَلِكَ سِعْرٌ مَعْلُومٌ وَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ آخُذُ مِنْكَ بِسِعْرِ كُلِّ يَوْمٍ فَهَذَا لاَ يَحِلُّ لأَنَّهُ غَرَرٌ يَقِلُّ مَرَّةً وَيَكْثُرُ مَرَّةً وَلَمْ يَفْتَرِقَا عَلَى بَيْعٍ مَعْلُومٍ قَالَ مَالِكٌ وَمَنْ بَاعَ طَعَامًا جِزَافًا وَلَمْ يَسْتَثْنِ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا ثُمَّ بَدَا لَهُ أَنْ يَشْتَرِيَ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا فَإِنَّهُ لاَ يَصْلُحُ لَهُ أَنْ يَشْتَرِيَ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا إِلاَّ مَا كَانَ يَجُوزُ لَهُ أَنْ يَسْتَثْنِيَ مِنْهُ وَذَلِكَ الثُّلُثُ فَمَا دُونَهُ فَإِنْ زَادَ عَلَى الثُّلُثِ صَارَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى الْمُزَابَنَةِ وَإِلَى مَا يُكْرَهُ فَلاَ يَنْبَغِي لَهُ أَنْ يَشْتَرِيَ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا إِلاَّ مَا كَانَ يَجُوزُ لَهُ أَنْ يَسْتَثْنِيَ مِنْهُ وَلاَ يَجُوزُ لَهُ أَنْ يَسْتَثْنِيَ مِنْهُ إِلاَّ الثُّلُثَ فَمَا دُونَهُ وَهَذَا الأَمْرُ الَّذِي لاَ اخْتِلاَفَ فِيهِ عِنْدَنَا

    Malik said, "Another example of that is that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade the sale called muzabana and granted an indulgence in the ariya for computing the equivalent in dates. It was distinguished between them that the muzabana-sale was based on shrewdness and trade, and the ariya sale was based on a favour rendered, and there was no shrewdness in it." Malik said, "A man must not buy food for a fourth, a third, or a fraction of a dirham on the basis that he be given that food on credit. There is no harm in a man buying food for a fraction of a dirham on credit and then he gives a dirham and takes goods with what remains of his dirham because he gave the fraction he owed as silver, and took goods to make up the rest of his dirham. There is no harm in that transaction." Malik said, "There is no harm in a man placing a dirham with another man and then taking from him known goods for a fourth, third, or a known fraction. If there was not a known price on the goods and the man said, 'I will take them from you for the price of each day,' this is not halal because there is uncertainty. It might be less one time, and more another time, and they would not part with a known sale." Malik said, "If someone sells some food without measuring precisely and does not exclude any of it from the sale and then it occurs to him to buy some of it, it is not good for him to buy any of it except what it would be permitted for him to exclude from it. That is a third or less. If it is more than a third, it becomes muzabana and is disapproved. He must only purchase from what he would be permitted to exclude, and he is only permitted to exclude a third or less than that. This is the way of doing things in which there is no dispute with us."

58. Muwatta' Malik 1345Penilai berbeda pendapat

    قَالَ لاَ حُكْرَةَ فِي سُوقِنَا لاَ يَعْمِدُ رِجَالٌ بِأَيْدِيهِمْ فُضُولٌ مِنْ أَذْهَابٍ إِلَى رِزْقٍ مِنْ رِزْقِ اللَّهِ نَزَلَ بِسَاحَتِنَا فَيَحْتَكِرُونَهُ عَلَيْنَا وَلَكِنْ أَيُّمَا جَالِبٍ جَلَبَ عَلَى عَمُودِ كَبِدِهِ فِي الشِّتَاءِ وَالصَّيْفِ فَذَلِكَ ضَيْفُ عُمَرَ فَلْيَبِعْ كَيْفَ شَاءَ اللَّهُ وَلْيُمْسِكْ كَيْفَ شَاءَ اللَّهُ

    Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that Umar ibn al-Khattab said, "There is no hoarding in our market, and men who have excess gold in their hands should not buy up one of Allah's provisions which he has sent to our courtyard and then hoard it up against us. Someone who brings imported goods through great fatigue to himself in the summer and winter, that person is the guest of Umar. Let him sell what Allah wills and keep what Allah wills."

59. Muwatta' Malik 1346Shahih

    أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ مَرَّ بِحَاطِبِ بْنِ أَبِي بَلْتَعَةَ وَهُوَ يَبِيعُ زَبِيبًا لَهُ بِالسُّوقِ فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ إِمَّا أَنْ تَزِيدَ فِي السِّعْرِ وَإِمَّا أَنْ تُرْفَعَ مِنْ سُوقِنَا

    Telah menceritakan kepadaku dari Malik dari [Yunus bin Yusuf] dari [Sa'id bin Musayyab] bahwa [Umar bin Khattab] pernah melewati Hathib bin Abu Balta'ah yang sedang menjual kismis di pasar. Umar bin Khattab lalu berkata kepadanya; "Ada dua pilihan buat kamu, menaikkan harga atau angkat kaki dari pasar kami

60. Muwatta' Malik 1347Penilai berbeda pendapat

    أَنَّ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ كَانَ يَنْهَى عَنِ الْحُكْرَةِ

    Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that Uthman ibn Affan forbade hoarding.

61. Muwatta' Malik 1348Penilai berbeda pendapat

    أَنَّ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ بَاعَ جَمَلاً لَهُ يُدْعَى عُصَيْفِيرًا بِعِشْرِينَ بَعِيرًا إِلَى أَجَلٍ

    Telah menceritakan kepadaku Yahya dari Malik dari [Shalih bin Kaisan] dari [Hasan bin Muhammad bin 'Ali bin Abu Thalib] bahwa ['Ali bin Abu Thalib] menjual untanya yang diberi nama 'Ushaifir dengan dua puluh unta secara tempo

62. Muwatta' Malik 1349Shahih

    أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ اشْتَرَى رَاحِلَةً بِأَرْبَعَةِ أَبْعِرَةٍ مَضْمُونَةٍ عَلَيْهِ يُوفِيهَا صَاحِبَهَا بِالرَّبَذَةِ

    Telah menceritakan kepadaku dari Malik dari [Nafi'] bahwa [Abdullah bin Umar] pernah membeli seekor unta yang layak dijadikan tunggangan dengan empat ekor anak unta, dan dia baru akan membayarkannya kepada pemiliknya setelah sampai di Rabadzah

63. Muwatta' Malik 1350Shahih

    سَأَلَ ابْنَ شِهَابٍ عَنْ بَيْعٍ الْحَيَوَانِ اثْنَيْنِ بِوَاحِدٍ إِلَى أَجَلٍ فَقَالَ لاَ بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ

    Telah menceritakan kepadaku dari Malik ia bertanya kepada [Ibnu Syihab] tentang hukum menjual dua ekor hewan dengan satu ekor secara tempo. Ibnu Syihab menjawab; "Tidak apa-apa

64. Muwatta' Malik 1351Shahih

    أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ حَبَلِ الْحَبَلَةِ وَكَانَ بَيْعًا يَتَبَايَعُهُ أَهْلُ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ كَانَ الرَّجُلُ يَبْتَاعُ الْجَزُورَ إِلَى أَنْ تُنْتَجَ النَّاقَةُ ثُمَّ تُنْتَجَ الَّتِي فِي بَطْنِهَا

    Telah menceritakan kepadaku Yahya dari Malik dari [Nafi'] dari [Abdullah bin Umar] berkata, "Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam melarang menjual anak yang masih janin. Itu adalah model perdagangan orang-orang Jahiliyah, seseorang yang membeli unta hingga unta itu melahirkan anak, lalu anaknya itu melahirkan anak lagi

65. Muwatta' Malik 1352Shahih

    لاَ رِبًا فِي الْحَيَوَانِ وَإِنَّمَا نُهِيَ مِنَ الْحَيَوَانِ عَنْ ثَلاَثَةٍ عَنِ الْمَضَامِينِ وَالْمَلاَقِيحِ وَحَبَلِ الْحَبَلَةِ وَالْمَضَامِينُ بَيْعُ مَا فِي بُطُونِ إِنَاثِ الإِبِلِ وَالْمَلاَقِيحُ بَيْعُ مَا فِي ظُهُورِ الْجِمَالِ قَالَ مَالِكٌ لاَ يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يَشْتَرِيَ أَحَدٌ شَيْئًا مِنَ الْحَيَوَانِ بِعَيْنِهِ إِذَا كَانَ غَائِبًا عَنْهُ وَإِنْ كَانَ قَدْ رَآهُ وَرَضِيَهُ عَلَى أَنْ يَنْقُدَ ثَمَنَهُ لاَ قَرِيبًا وَلاَ بَعِيدًا قَالَ مَالِكٌ وَإِنَّمَا كُرِهَ ذَلِكَ لأَنَّ الْبَائِعَ يَنْتَفِعُ بِالثَّمَنِ وَلاَ يُدْرَى هَلْ تُوجَدُ تِلْكَ السِّلْعَةُ عَلَى مَا رَآهَا الْمُبْتَاعُ أَمْ لاَ فَلِذَلِكَ كُرِهَ ذَلِكَ وَلاَ بَأْسَ بِهِ إِذَا كَانَ مَضْمُونًا مَوْصُوفًا

    Telah menceritakan kepadaku dari Malik dari [Ibnu Syihab] dari [Sa'id bin Musayyab] berkata; "Tidak ada riba dalam jual beli hewan. Hanya saja ada tiga hal yang dilarang dalam jual beli hewan; madlamiin, malaqiih dan habalul habalah (menjual janin yang masih di dalam perut induknya). Madlamiin ialah menjual janin yang masih berada dalam perut unta betina. Sedangkan malaqiih ialah menjual barang yang berada di atas punuk unta

66. Muwatta' Malik 1354Shahih

    مِنْ مَيْسِرِ أَهْلِ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ بَيْعُ الْحَيَوَانِ بِاللَّحْمِ بِالشَّاةِ وَالشَّاتَيْنِ

    Telah menceritakan kepadaku dengan Malik dari [Dawud Ibnul Hushain] Bahwasanya ia mendengar [Said Ibnul Musayyab] berkata, "Termasuk perjudian orang-orang Jahiliyah ialah menjual hewan dengan daging, dan menjual seekor kambing dengan dua ekor kambing

67. Muwatta' Malik 31-68Shahih

    نُهِيَ عَنْ بَيْعِ الْحَيَوَانِ بِاللَّحْمِ قَالَ أَبُو الزِّنَادِ فَقُلْتُ لِسَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ أَرَأَيْتَ رَجُلاً اشْتَرَى شَارِفًا بِعَشَرَةِ شِيَاهٍ فَقَالَ سَعِيدٌ إِنْ كَانَ اشْتَرَاهَا لِيَنْحَرَهَا فَلاَ خَيْرَ فِي ذَلِكَ قَالَ أَبُو الزِّنَادِ وَكُلُّ مَنْ أَدْرَكْتُ مِنَ النَّاسِ يَنْهَوْنَ عَنْ بَيْعِ الْحَيَوَانِ بِاللَّحْمِ قَالَ أَبُو الزِّنَادِ وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ يُكْتَبُ فِي عُهُودِ الْعُمَّالِ فِي زَمَانِ أَبَانَ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ وَهِشَامِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ يَنْهَوْنَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ

    Yahya related to me from Malik from Abu'z-Zinad that Said ibn al- Musayyab said, "Bartering live animals for dead meat is forbidden." Abu'z-Zinad said, "I said to Said ibn Musayyab, 'What do you think of a man buying an old camel for 10 sheep?' " Said said, "If he buys it to slaughter it, there is no good in it." Abu'z-Zinad added, "All the people (i.e. companions) that I have seen forbade bartering live animals for meat." Abu'z-Zinad said, "This used to be written in the appointment letters of governors in the time of Aban ibn Uthman and Hisham ibn Ismail."

68. Muwatta' Malik 31-69Shahih

    قالَ مالِكٌ: «الأمْرُ المُجْتَمَعُ عَلَيْهِ عِنْدَنا فِي لَحْمِ الإبِلِ والبَقَرِ والغَنَمِ، وما أشْبَهَ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الوُحُوشِ، أنَّهُ لا يُشْتَرى بَعْضُهُ بِبَعْضٍ، إلّا مِثْلًا بِمِثْلٍ، وزْنًا بِوَزْنٍ، يَدًا بِيَدٍ، ولا بَأْسَ بِهِ وإنْ لَمْ يُوزَنْ، إذا تَحَرّى أنْ يَكُونَ مِثْلًا بِمِثْلٍ يَدًا بِيَدٍ» قالَ مالِكٌ: «ولا بَأْسَ بِلَحْمِ الحِيتانِ، بِلَحْمِ الإبِلِ والبَقَرِ والغَنَمِ، وما أشْبَهَ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الوُحُوشِ كُلِّها، اثْنَيْنِ بِواحِدٍ وأكْثَرَ مِن ذَلِكَ يَدًا بِيَدٍ، فَإنْ دَخَلَ ذَلِكَ الأجَلُ فَلا خَيْرَ فِيهِ» قالَ مالِكٌ: «وأرى لُحُومَ الطَّيْرِ كُلَّها مُخالِفَةً لِلُحُومِ الأنْعامِ، والحِيتانِ، فَلا أرى بَأْسًا بِأنْ يُشْتَرى بَعْضُ ذَلِكَ بِبَعْضٍ مُتَفاضِلًا يَدًا بِيَدٍ، ولا يُباعُ شَيْءٌ مِن ذَلِكَ إلى أجَلٍ»

    Malik said, "It is the generally agreed on way of doing things among us that the meat of camels, cattle, sheep and so on is not to be bartered one for one, except like for like, weight for weight, from hand to hand. There is no harm in that. If it is not weighed, then it is estimated to be like for like from hand to hand." Malik said, "There is no harm in bartering the meat of fish for the meat of camels, cattle, and sheep and so on two or more for one, from hand to hand. If delayed terms enter the transaction however, there is no good in it." Malik said, "I think that poultry is different from the meat of cattle and fish. I see no harm in selling some of it for something different, more of one than another, from hand to hand. None of that is to be sold on delayed terms."

69. Muwatta' Malik 1355Shahih

    «نَهى عَنْ بَيْعِ الحَيَوانِ بِاللَّحْمِ»

    Yahya related to me from Malik from Zayd ibn Aslam from Said ibn al-Musayyab that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade bartering live animals for meat.

70. Muwatta' Malik 1356Shahih

    نَهَى عَنْ ثَمَنِ الْكَلْبِ وَمَهْرِ الْبَغِيِّ وَحُلْوَانِ الْكَاهِنِ

    Telah menceritakan kepadaku Yahya dari Malik dari [Ibnu Syihab] dari [Abu Bakar bin Abdurrahman bin Al Harits bin Hisyam] dari [Abu Mas'ud Al Anshari] berkata, "Rasulullah Shalla Allahu 'alaihi wa sallam melarang memakan harta hasil penjualan anjing, upah pelacur dan upah dukun. Yang dimaksud dengan upah pelacur ialah harta yang diterima oleh seorang wanita dari hasil zina. Upah dukun adalah uang sogokan yang diberikan kepadanya atas jasa pelayanannya

71. Muwatta' Malik 1357Shahih

    أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعٍ وَسَلَفٍ قَالَ مَالِكٌ وَتَفْسِيرُ ذَلِكَ أَنْ يَقُولَ الرَّجُلُ لِلرَّجُلِ آخُذُ سِلْعَتَكَ بِكَذَا وَكَذَا عَلَى أَنْ تُسْلِفَنِي كَذَا وَكَذَا فَإِنْ عَقَدَا بَيْعَهُمَا عَلَى هَذَا فَهُوَ غَيْرُ جَائِزٍ فَإِنْ تَرَكَ الَّذِي اشْتَرَطَ السَّلَفَ مَا اشْتَرَطَ مِنْهُ كَانَ ذَلِكَ الْبَيْعُ جَائِزًا قَالَ مَالِكٌ وَلاَ بَأْسَ أَنْ يُشْتَرَى الثَّوْبُ مِنَ الْكَتَّانِ أَوِ الشَّطَوِيِّ أَوِ الْقَصَبِيِّ بِالأَثْوَابِ مِنَ الإِتْرِيبِيِّ أَوِ الْقَسِّيِّ أَوِ الزِّيقَةِ أَوِ الثَّوْبِ الْهَرَوِيِّ أَوِ الْمَرْوِيِّ بِالْمَلاَحِفِ الْيَمَانِيَّةِ وَالشَّقَائِقِ وَمَا أَشْبَهَ ذَلِكَ الْوَاحِدُ بِالاِثْنَيْنِ أَوِ الثَّلاَثَةِ يَدًا بِيَدٍ أَوْ إِلَى أَجَلٍ وَإِنْ كَانَ مِنْ صِنْفٍ وَاحِدٍ فَإِنْ دَخَلَ ذَلِكَ نَسِيئَةٌ فَلاَ خَيْرَ فِيهِ قَالَ مَالِكٌ وَلاَ يَصْلُحُ حَتَّى يَخْتَلِفَ فَيَبِينَ اخْتِلاَفُهُ فَإِذَا أَشْبَهَ بَعْضُ ذَلِكَ بَعْضًا وَإِنِ اخْتَلَفَتْ أَسْمَاؤُهُ فَلاَ يَأْخُذْ مِنْهُ اثْنَيْنِ بِوَاحِدٍ إِلَى أَجَلٍ وَذَلِكَ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ الثَّوْبَيْنِ مِنَ الْهَرَوِيِّ بِالثَّوْبِ مِنَ الْمَرْوِيِّ أَوِ الْقُوهِيِّ إِلَى أَجَلٍ أَوْ يَأْخُذَ الثَّوْبَيْنِ مِنَ الْفُرْقُبِيِّ بِالثَّوْبِ مِنَ الشَّطَوِيِّ فَإِذَا كَانَتْ هَذِهِ الأَجْنَاسُ عَلَى هَذِهِ الصِّفَةِ فَلاَ يُشْتَرَى مِنْهَا اثْنَانِ بِوَاحِدٍ إِلَى أَجَلٍ قَالَ مَالِكٌ وَلاَ بَأْسَ أَنْ تَبِيعَ مَا اشْتَرَيْتَ مِنْهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ تَسْتَوْفِيَهُ مِنْ غَيْرِ صَاحِبِهِ الَّذِي اشْتَرَيْتَهُ مِنْهُ إِذَا انْتَقَدْتَ ثَمَنَهُ

    Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade 'selling and lending.' Malik said, "The explanation of what that meant is that one man says to another, 'I will take your goods for such-and-such if you lend me such-and-such.' If they agree to a transaction in this manner, it is not permitted. If the one who stipulates the loan abandons his stipulation, then the sale is permitted." Malik said, "There is no harm in exchanging linen from Shata, for garments from Itribi, or Qass, or Ziqa. Or the cloth of Herat or Merv for Yemeni cloaks and shawls and such like as one for two or three, from hand to hand or with delayed terms. If the goods are of the same kind, and deferment enters into the transaction, there is no good in it." Malik said, "It is not good unless they are different, and the difference between them is clear. When they resemble each other, even if the names are different, do not take two for one with delayed terms, for instance two garments of Herat for one from Merv or Quhy with delayed terms, ortwo garments of Furqub for one from Shata. All these sorts are of the same description, so do not buy two for one, on delayed terms." Malik said, "There is no harm in selling what you buy of things of this nature, before you complete the deal, to some one other than the person from whom you purchased them if the price was paid in cash."

72. Muwatta' Malik 1358Shahih

    سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عَبَّاسٍ وَرَجُلٌ يَسْأَلُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ سَلَّفَ فِي سَبَائِبَ فَأَرَادَ بَيْعَهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقْبِضَهَا فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ تِلْكَ الْوَرِقُ بِالْوَرِقِ وَكَرِهَ ذَلِكَ

    Telah menceritakan kepadaku Yahya dari Malik dari [Yahya bin Sa'id] dari [Al Qasim bin Muhammad] ia berkata; "Aku mendengar [Abdullah bin Abbas] bersama orang yang bertanya kepadanya mengenai seseorang yang melakukan jual beli kain dengan membayar dimuka. Kemudian dia ingin menjualnya lagi sebelum menerimanya. Ibnu Abbas berkata; "Itu seperti perdagangan perak dengan perak, " dan Ibnu Abbas membenci praktik semacam itu. Malik berkata; "Hal itu termasuk pendapat kami -wallahu a'lam-, maksudnya ialah dia ingin menjualnya kembali kepada sang penjual dengan harga yang lebih tinggi dari harga saat dia membelinya. Sekiranya ia menjual kepada orang lain -bukan orang yang ia pernah membeli barang tersebut darinya-, maka tidak apa-apa

73. Muwatta' Malik 31-73Shahih

    قالَ مالِكٌ: «الأمْرُ عِنْدَنا فِيما كانَ مِمّا يُوزَنُ مِن غَيْرِ الذَّهَبِ والفِضَّةِ: مِنَ النُّحاسِ والشَّبَهِ والرَّصاصِ والآنُكِ، والحَدِيدِ، والقَضْبِ والتِّينِ، والكُرْسُفِ وما أشْبَهَ ذَلِكَ، مِمّا يُوزَنُ، فَلا بَأْسَ بِأنْ يُؤْخَذَ مِن صِنْفٍ واحِدٍ اثْنانِ بِواحِدٍ يَدًا بِيَدٍ، ولا بَأْسَ أنْ يُؤْخَذَ رِطْلُ حَدِيدٍ بِرِطْلَيْ حَدِيدٍ ورِطْلُ صُفْرٍ بِرِطْلَيْ صُفْرٍ» قالَ مالِكٌ: «ولا خَيْرَ فِيهِ اثْنانِ بِواحِدٍ مِن صِنْفٍ واحِدٍ إلى أجَلٍ، فَإذا اخْتَلَفَ الصِّنْفانِ مِن ذَلِكَ، فَبانَ اخْتِلافُهُما، فَلا بَأْسَ بِأنْ يُؤْخَذَ مِنهُ اثْنانِ بِواحِدٍ إلى أجَلٍ، فَإنْ كانَ الصِّنْفُ مِنهُ يُشْبِهُ الصِّنْفَ الآخَرَ، وإنِ اخْتَلَفا فِي الِاسْمِ مِثْلُ الرَّصاصِ والآنُكِ والشَّبَهِ والصُّفْرِ فَإنِّي أكْرَهُ أنْ يُؤْخَذَ مِنهُ اثْنانِ بِواحِدٍ إلى أجَلٍ» قالَ مالِكٌ: «وما اشْتَرَيْتَ مِن هَذِهِ الأصْنافِ كُلِّها، فَلا بَأْسَ أنْ تَبِيعَهُ قَبْلَ أنْ تَقْبِضَهُ مِن غَيْرِ صاحِبِهِ الَّذِي اشْتَرَيْتَهُ مِنهُ، إذا قَبَضْتَ ثَمَنَهُ، إذا كُنْتَ اشْتَرَيْتَهُ كَيْلًا أوْ وزْنًا، فَإنِ اشْتَرَيْتَهُ جِزافًا فَبِعْهُ مِن غَيْرِ الَّذِي اشْتَرَيْتَهُ مِنهُ، بِنَقْدٍ أوْ إلى أجَلٍ، وذَلِكَ أنَّ ضَمانَهُ مِنكَ إذا اشْتَرَيْتَهُ جِزافًا، ولا يَكُونُ ضَمانُهُ مِنكَ إذا اشْتَرَيْتَهُ وزْنًا حَتّى تَزِنَهُ وتَسْتَوْفِيَهُ، وهَذا أحَبُّ ما سَمِعْتُ إلَيَّ فِي هَذِهِ الأشْياءِ كُلِّها، وهُوَ الَّذِي لَمْ يَزَلْ عَلَيْهِ أمْرُ النّاسِ عِنْدَنا» -[٦٦٢]- قالَ مالِكٌ: «الأمْرُ عِنْدَنا فِيما يُكالُ أوْ يُوزَنُ مِمّا لا يُؤْكَلُ ولا يُشْرَبُ مِثْلُ: العُصْفُرِ والنَّوى، والخَبَطِ والكَتَمِ وما يُشْبِهُ ذَلِكَ، أنَّهُ لا بَأْسَ بِأنْ يُؤْخَذَ مِن كُلِّ صِنْفٍ مِنهُ اثْنانِ بِواحِدٍ يَدًا بِيَدٍ، ولا يُؤْخَذُ مِن صِنْفٍ واحِدٍ مِنهُ اثْنانِ بِواحِدٍ إلى أجَلٍ، فَإنِ اخْتَلَفَ الصِّنْفانِ فَبانَ اخْتِلافُهُما، فَلا بَأْسَ بِأنْ يُؤْخَذَ مِنهُما اثْنانِ بِواحِدٍ إلى أجَلٍ، وما اشْتُرِيَ مِن هَذِهِ الأصْنافِ كُلِّها، فَلا بَأْسَ بِأنْ يُباعَ قَبْلَ أنْ يُسْتَوْفى إذا قَبَضَ ثَمَنَهُ مِن غَيْرِ صاحِبِهِ الَّذِي اشْتَراهُ مِنهُ» قالَ مالِكٌ: "وكُلُّ شَيْءٍ يَنْتَفِعُ بِهِ النّاسُ مِنَ الأصْنافِ كُلِّها، وإنْ كانَتِ الحَصْباءَ والقَصَّةَ، فَكُلُّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما بِمِثْلَيْهِ إلى أجَلٍ فَهُوَ رِبًا، وواحِدٌ مِنهُما بِمِثْلِهِ وزِيادَةُ شَيْءٍ مِنَ الأشْياءِ إلى أجَلٍ فَهُوَ رِبًا

    Malik said, "The generally agreed on way of doing things among us about whatever is weighed but is not gold or silver, i.e. copper, brass, lead, black lead, iron, herbs, figs, cotton, and any such things that are weighed, is that there is no harm in bartering all those sorts of things two for one, hand to hand. There is no harm in taking a ritl of iron for two ritls of iron, and a ritl of brass for two ritls of brass." Malik said, "There is no good in two for one of one sort with delayed terms. There is no harm in taking two of one sort for one of another on delayed terms, if the two sorts are clearly different. If both sorts resemble each other but their names are different, like lead and black lead, brass and yellow brass, I disapprove of taking two of one sort for one of the other on delayed terms." Malik said, "When buying something of this nature, there is no harm in selling It beforetaking possession of it to some one other than the person from whom it was purchased, if the price is taken immediately and if it was bought originally by measure or weight. If it was bought without measuring, it should be sold to someone other than the person from whom it was bought, for cash or with delayed terms. That is because goods have to be guaranteed when they are bought without measuring, and they cannot be guaranteed when bought by weight until they are weighed and the deal is completed. This is the best of what I have heard about all these things. It is what people continue to do among us." Malik said, "The way of doing things among us with what is measured or weighed of things which are not eaten or drunk, like safflower, date-stones, fodder leaves, indigo dye and the like of that is that there is no harm in bartering all those sort of things two for one, hand to hand. Do not take two for one from the same variety with delayed terms. If the types are clearly different, there is no harm in taking two of one for one of the other with delayed terms. There is no harm in selling whatever is purchased of all these sorts, before taking delivery of them if the price is taken from someone other than the person from whom they were purchased." Malik said, "Anything of any variety that profits people, like gravel and gypsum, one quantity of them for two of its like with delayed terms is usury. One quantity of both of them for its equal plus any increase with delayed terms, is usury."

74. Muwatta' Malik 1359Shahih

    أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعَتَيْنِ فِي بَيْعَةٍ

    Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade two sales in one sale.

75. Muwatta' Malik 1360Penilai berbeda pendapat

    قَالَ لِرَجُلٍ ابْتَعْ لِي هَذَا الْبَعِيرَ بِنَقْدٍ حَتَّى أَبْتَاعَهُ مِنْكَ إِلَى أَجَلٍ فَسُئِلَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ فَكَرِهَهُ وَنَهَى عَنْهُ

    Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that a man said to another, "Buy this camel for me immediately so that I can buy him from you on credit." Abdullah ibn Umar was asked about that and he disapproved of it and forbade it.

76. Muwatta' Malik 1361Penilai berbeda pendapat

    عَنْ رَجُلٍ اشْتَرَى سِلْعَةً بِعَشَرَةِ دَنَانِيرَ نَقْدًا أَوْ بِخَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ دِينَارًا إِلَى أَجَلٍ فَكَرِهَ ذَلِكَ وَنَهَى عَنْهُ قَالَ مَالِكٌ فِي رَجُلٍ ابْتَاعَ سِلْعَةً مِنْ رَجُلٍ بِعَشَرَةِ دَنَانِيرَ نَقْدًا أَوْ بِخَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ دِينَارًا إِلَى أَجَلٍ قَدْ وَجَبَتْ لِلْمُشْتَرِي بِأَحَدِ الثَّمَنَيْنِ إِنَّهُ لاَ يَنْبَغِي ذَلِكَ لأَنَّهُ إِنْ أَخَّرَ الْعَشَرَةَ كَانَتْ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ إِلَى أَجَلٍ وَإِنْ نَقَدَ الْعَشَرَةَ كَانَ إِنَّمَا اشْتَرَى بِهَا الْخَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ الَّتِي إِلَى أَجَلٍ قَالَ مَالِكٌ فِي رَجُلٍ اشْتَرَى مِنْ رَجُلٍ سِلْعَةً بِدِينَارٍ نَقْدًا أَوْ بِشَاةٍ مَوْصُوفَةٍ إِلَى أَجَلٍ قَدْ وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ بِأَحَدِ الثَّمَنَيْنِ إِنَّ ذَلِكَ مَكْرُوهٌ لاَ يَنْبَغِي لأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَدْ نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعَتَيْنِ فِي بَيْعَةٍ وَهَذَا مِنْ بَيْعَتَيْنِ فِي بَيْعَةٍ قَالَ مَالِكٌ فِي رَجُلٍ قَالَ لِرَجُلٍ أَشْتَرِي مِنْكَ هَذِهِ الْعَجْوَةَ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ صَاعًا أَوِ الصَّيْحَانِيَّ عَشَرَةَ أَصْوُعٍ أَوِ الْحِنْطَةَ الْمَحْمُولَةَ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ صَاعًا أَوِ الشَّامِيَّةَ عَشَرَةَ أَصْوُعٍ بِدِينَارٍ قَدْ وَجَبَتْ لِي إِحْدَاهُمَا إِنَّ ذَلِكَ مَكْرُوهٌ لاَ يَحِلُّ وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ قَدْ أَوْجَبَ لَهُ عَشَرَةَ أَصْوُعٍ صَيْحَانِيًّا فَهُوَ يَدَعُهَا وَيَأْخُذُ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ صَاعًا مِنَ الْعَجْوَةِ أَوْ تَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ صَاعًا مِنَ الْحِنْطَةِ الْمَحْمُولَةِ فَيَدَعُهَا وَيَأْخُذُ عَشَرَةَ أَصْوُعٍ مِنَ الشَّامِيَّةِ فَهَذَا أَيْضًا مَكْرُوهٌ لاَ يَحِلُّ وَهُوَ أَيْضًا يُشْبِهُ مَا نُهِيَ عَنْهُ مِنْ بَيْعَتَيْنِ فِي بَيْعَةٍ وَهُوَ أَيْضًا مِمَّا نُهِيَ عَنْهُ أَنْ يُبَاعَ مِنْ صِنْفٍ وَاحِدٍ مِنَ الطَّعَامِ اثْنَانِ بِوَاحِدٍ

    Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that al-Qasim ibn Muhammad was asked about a man who bought goods for 10 dinars cash or fifteen dinars on credit. He disapproved of that and forbade it. Malik said that if a man bought goods from a man for either 10 dinars or 15 dinars on credit, that one of the two prices was obliged on the buyer. It was not to be done because if he postponed paying the ten, it would be 15 on credit, and if he paid the ten, he would buy with it what was worth fifteen dinars on credit. Malik said that it was disapproved of for a man to buy goods from someone for either a dinar cash or for a described sheep on credit and that one of the two prices was obliged on him. It was not to be done because the Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade two sales in one sale. This was part of two sales in the one sale. Malik spoke about a man saying to another, "'I will either buy these fifteen sa of ajwa dates from you, or these ten sa of sayhani dates or I will buy these fifteen sa of inferior wheat or these ten sa of Syrian wheat for a dinar, and one of them is obliged to me.' Malik said that it was disapproved of and was not halal. That was because he obliged him ten sa of sayhani, and left them and took fifteen sa of ajwa, or he was obliged fifteen sa of inferior wheat and left them and took ten sa of Syrian wheat. This was also disapproved of, and was not halal. It resembled what was prohibited in the way of two sales in one sale. It was also included under the prohibition against buying two for one of the same sort of food."

77. Muwatta' Malik 1362Shahih

    نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ الْغَرَرِ

    Yahya related to me from Malik from Abu Hazim ibn Dinar from Said ibn al-Musayyab that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade the sale with uncertainty in it. Malik said, "An example of one type of uncertain transaction and risk is that a man intends the price of a stray animal or escaped slave to be fifty dinars. A man says, 'I will take him from you for twenty dinars.' If the buyer finds him, thirty dinars goes from the seller, and if he does not find him, the seller takes twenty dinars from the buyer." Malik said, "There is another fault in that. If that stray is found, it is not known whether it will have increased or decreased in value or what defects may have befallen it. This transaction is greatly uncertain and risky." Malik said, "According to our way of doing things, one kind of uncertain transaction and risk is selling what is in the wombs of females - women and animals - because it is not known whether or not it will come out, and if it does come out, it is not known whether it will be beautiful or ugly, normal or disabled, male or female. All that is disparate. If it has that, its price is such-and-such, and if it has this, its price is such-and-such." Malik said, "Females must not be sold with what is in their wombs excluded. That is that, for instance, a man says to another, 'The price of my sheep which has much milk is three dinars. She is yours for two dinars while I will have her future offspring.' This is disapproved because it is an uncertain transaction and a risk." Malik said, "It is not halal to sell olives for olive oil or sesame for sesame oil, or butter for ghee because muzabana comes into that, because the person who buys the raw product for something specified which comes from it, does not know whether more or less will come out of that, so it is an uncertain transaction and a risk." Malik said, "A similar case is the selling of ben-nuts for ben-nut oil. This is an uncertain transaction because what comes from the ben-nut is ben-oil. There is no harm in selling ben-nuts for perfumed ben because perfumed ben has been perfumed, mixed and changed from the state of raw ben-nut oil." Malik, speaking about a man who sold goods to a man on the provision that there was to be no loss for the buyer, (i.e. if the buyer could not re-sell the goods they could go back to the seller), said, "This transaction is not permitted and it is part of risk. The explanation of why it is so, is that it is as if the seller hired the buyer for the profit if the goods make a profit. If he sells the stock at a loss, he has nothing, and his efforts are not compensated. This is not good. In such a transaction, the buyer should have a wage according to the work that he has contributed. Whatever there is of loss or profit in those goods is for and against the seller. This is only when the goods are gone and sold. If they do not go, the transaction between them is null and void." Malik said, "As for a man who buys goods from a man and he concludes the sale and then the buyer regrets and asks to have the price reduced and the seller refuses and says, 'Sell it and I will compensate you for any loss.' There is no harm in this because there is no risk. It is something he proposes to him, and their transaction was not based on that. That is what is done among us."

78. Muwatta' Malik 1363Shahih

    «نَهى عَنِ المُلامَسَةِ والمُنابَذَةِ»

    Yahya related to me from Malik from Muhammad ibn Yahya ibn Habban and from Abu'z-Zinad from al-Araj from Abu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade mulamasa and munabadha. Malik said, "Mulamasa is when a man can feel a garment but is not allowed to unfold it or examine what is in it, or he buys by night and does not know what is in it. Munabadha is that a man throws his garment to another, and the other throws his garment without either of them making any inspection. Each of them says, 'this is for this. 'This is what is forbidden of mulamasa and munabadha." Malik said that selling bundles with a list of their contents was different from the sale of the cloak concealed in a bag or the cloth folded up and such things. What made it different was that it was a common practice and it was what people were familiar with, and what people had done in the past, and it was still among the permitted transactions and trading of people in which they saw no harm because in the sale of bundles with a list of contents without undoing them, an uncertain transaction was not intended and it did not resemble mulamasa.

79. Muwatta' Malik 31-79Shahih

    حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيى، قالَ مالِكٌ: الأمْرُ المُجْتَمَعُ عَلَيْهِ عِنْدَنا فِي البَزِّ يَشْتَرِيهِ الرَّجُلُ بِبَلَدٍ، ثُمَّ يَقْدَمُ بِهِ بَلَدًا آخَرَ، فَيَبِيعُهُ مُرابَحَةً إنَّهُ لا يَحْسِبُ فِيهِ أجْرَ السَّماسِرَةِ، ولا أجْرَ الطَّيِّ، ولا الشَّدِّ، ولا النَّفَقَةَ، ولا كِراءَ بَيْتٍ، فَأمّا كِراءُ البَزِّ فِي حُمْلانِهِ، فَإنَّهُ يُحْسَبُ فِي أصْلِ الثَّمَنِ، ولا يُحْسَبُ فِيهِ رِبْحٌ، إلّا أنْ يُعْلِمَ البائِعُ مَن يُساوِمُهُ بِذَلِكَ كُلِّهِ، فَإنْ رَبَّحُوهُ عَلى ذَلِكَ كُلِّهِ بَعْدَ العِلْمِ بِهِ فَلا بَأْسَ بِهِ «قالَ مالِكٌ: «فَأمّا القِصارَةُ، والخِياطَةُ، والصِّباغُ، وما أشْبَهَ ذَلِكَ، فَهُوَ بِمَنزِلَةِ البَزِّ يُحْسَبُ فِيهِ الرِّبْحُ كَما يُحْسَبُ فِي البَزِّ، فَإنْ باعَ البَزَّ، ولَمْ يُبَيِّنْ شَيْئًا مِمّا سَمَّيْتُ إنَّهُ لا يُحْسَبُ لَهُ فِيهِ رِبْحٌ، فَإنْ فاتَ البَزُّ، فَإنَّ الكِراءَ يُحْسَبُ، ولا يُحْسَبُ عَلَيْهِ رِبْحٌ، فَإنْ لَمْ يَفُتِ البَزُّ فالبَيْعُ مَفْسُوخٌ بَيْنَهُما، إلّا أنْ يَتَراضَيا عَلى شَيْءٍ مِمّا يَجُوزُ بَيْنَهُما» قالَ مالِكٌ: «فِي الرَّجُلِ يَشْتَرِي المَتاعَ بِالذَّهَبِ أوْ بِالوَرِقِ، والصَّرْفُ يَوْمَ اشْتَراهُ عَشَرَةُ دَراهِمَ بِدِينارٍ، فَيَقْدَمُ بِهِ بَلَدًا فَيَبِيعُهُ مُرابَحَةً، أوْ يَبِيعُهُ حَيْثُ اشْتَراهُ مُرابَحَةً عَلى صَرْفِ ذَلِكَ اليَوْمِ الَّذِي باعَهُ فِيهِ، فَإنَّهُ إنْ كانَ ابْتاعَهُ بِدَراهِمَ، وباعَهُ بِدَنانِيرَ، أوِ ابْتاعَهُ بِدَنانِيرَ، وباعَهُ بِدَراهِمَ، وكانَ المَتاعُ لَمْ يَفُتْ، فالمُبْتاعُ بِالخِيارِ إنْ شاءَ أخَذَهُ، وإنْ شاءَ تَرَكَهُ، فَإنْ فاتَ -[٦٦٩]- المَتاعُ كانَ لِلْمُشْتَرِي بِالثَّمَنِ الَّذِي ابْتاعَهُ بِهِ البائِعُ، ويُحْسَبُ لِلْبائِعِ الرِّبْحُ عَلى ما اشْتَراهُ بِهِ عَلى ما رَبَّحَهُ المُبْتاعُ» قالَ مالِكٌ:»وإذا باعَ رَجُلٌ سِلْعَةً قامَتْ عَلَيْهِ بِمِائَةِ دِينارٍ، لِلْعَشَرَةِ أحَدَ عَشَرَ، ثُمَّ جاءَهُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ أنَّها قامَتْ عَلَيْهِ بِتِسْعِينَ دِينارًا، وقَدْ فاتَتِ السِّلْعَةُ خُيِّرَ البائِعُ، فَإنْ أحَبَّ فَلَهُ قِيمَةُ سِلْعَتِهِ يَوْمَ قُبِضَتْ مِنهُ، إلّا أنْ تَكُونَ القِيمَةُ أكْثَرَ مِنَ الثَّمَنِ الَّذِي وجَبَ لَهُ بِهِ البَيْعُ أوَّلَ يَوْمٍ، فَلا يَكُونُ لَهُ أكْثَرُ مِن ذَلِكَ، وذَلِكَ مِائَةُ دِينارٍ وعَشْرَةُ دَنانِيرَ، وإنْ أحَبَّ ضُرِبَ لَهُ الرِّبْحُ عَلى التِّسْعِينَ، إلّا أنْ يَكُونَ الَّذِي بَلَغَتْ سِلْعَتُهُ مِنَ الثَّمَنِ أقَلَّ مِنَ القِيمَةِ فَيُخَيَّرُ فِي الَّذِي بَلَغَتْ سِلْعَتُهُ وفِي رَأْسِ مالِهِ ورِبْحِهِ وذَلِكَ تِسْعَةٌ وتِسْعُونَ دِينارًا قالَ مالِكٌ: «وإنْ باعَ رَجُلٌ سِلْعَةً مُرابَحَةً، فَقالَ: قامَتْ عَلَيَّ بِمِائَةِ دِينارٍ. ثُمَّ جاءَهُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ أنَّها قامَتْ بِمِائَةٍ وعِشْرِينَ دِينارًا. خُيِّرَ المُبْتاعُ. فَإنْ شاءَ أعْطى البائِعَ قِيمَةَ السِّلْعَةِ يَوْمَ قَبَضَها، وإنْ شاءَ أعْطى الثَّمَنَ الَّذِي ابْتاعَ بِهِ عَلى حِسابِ ما رَبَّحَهُ. بالِغًا ما بَلَغَ. إلّا أنْ يَكُونَ ذَلِكَ أقَلَّ مِنَ الثَّمَنِ الَّذِي ابْتاعَ بِهِ السِّلْعَةَ. فَلَيْسَ لَهُ أنْ يُنَقِّصَ رَبَّ السِّلْعَةِ مِنَ الثَّمَنِ الَّذِي ابْتاعَها بِهِ، لِأنَّهُ قَدْ كانَ رَضِيَ بِذَلِكَ، وإنَّما جاءَ رَبُّ السِّلْعَةِ يَطْلُبُ الفَضْلَ فَلَيْسَ لِلْمُبْتاعِ فِي هَذا حُجَّةٌ عَلى البائِعِ. بِأنْ يَضَعَ مِنَ الثَّمَنِ الَّذِي ابْتاعَ بِهِ عَلى البَرْنامَجِ»

    Yahya related to me, that Malik said, "The generally agreed on way of doing things among us about a man buying cloth in one city, and then taking it to another city to sell as a murabaha, is that he is not reckoned to have the wage of an agent, or any allowance for ironing, folding, straightening, expenses, or the rent of a house. As for the cost of transporting the drapery, it is included in the basic price, and no share of the profit is allocated to it unless the agent tells all of that to the investor. If they agree to share the profits accordingly after knowledge of it, there is no harm in that." Malik said, "As for bleaching, tailoring, dyeing, and such things, they are treated in the same way as drapery. The profit is reckoned in them as it is reckoned in drapery goods. So if he sells the drapery goods without clarifying the things we named as not getting profit, and if the drapery has already gone, the transport is to be reckoned, but no profit is given. If the drapery goods have not gone the transaction between them is null and void unless they make a new mutual agreement on what is to be permitted between them." Malik spoke about an agent who bought goods for gold or silver, and the exchange rate on the day of purchase was ten dirhams to the dinar. He took them to a city to sell murabaha, or sold them where he purchased them according to the exchange rate of the day on which he sold them. If he bought them for dirhams and he sold them for dinars, or he bought them for dinars and he sold them for dirhams, and the goods had not gone then he had a choice. If he wished, he accepted to sell the goods and if he wished, he left them. If the goods had been sold, he had the price for which the salesman bought them, and the salesman was reckoned to have the profit on what they were bought for, over what the investor gained as profit. Malik said, "If a man sells goods worth one hundred dinars for one hundred and ten, and he hears after that they are worth ninety dinars, and the goods have gone, the seller has a choice. If he likes, he has the price of the goods on the day they were taken from him unless the price is more than the price for which he was obliged to sell them in the first place, and he does not have more than that - and it is one hundred and ten dinars. If he likes, it is counted as profit against ninety unless the price his goods reached was less than the value. He is given the choice between what his goods fetch and the capital plus the profit, which is ninety-nine dinars." Malik said, "If someone sells goods in murabaha and he says, 'It was valued at one hundred dinars to me.' Then he hears later on, that it was worth one hundred and twenty dinars, the customer is given the choice. If he wishes, he gives the salesman the value of the goods on the day he took them, and if he wishes, he gives the price for which he bought them according to the reckoning of what profit he gives him, as far as it goes, unless that is less than the price for which he bought them, for he should not give the owner of the goods a loss from the price for which he bought them because he was satisfied with that. The owner of the goods came to seek extra, so the buyer has no argument against the salesman in that to make a reduction from the first price for which he bought it according to the list of contents."

80. Muwatta' Malik 31-80Shahih

    قالَ مالِكٌ: «الأمْرُ عِنْدَنا فِي القَوْمِ يَشْتَرُونَ السِّلْعَةَ البَزَّ، أوِ الرَّقِيقَ. فَيَسْمَعُ بِهِ الرَّجُلُ فَيَقُولُ لِرَجُلٍ مِنهُمُ البَزُّ الَّذِي اشْتَرَيْتَ مِن فُلانٍ، قَدْ بَلَغَتْنِي صِفَتُهُ وأمْرُهُ، فَهَلْ لَكَ أنْ أُرْبِحَكَ فِي نَصِيبِكَ كَذا وكَذا، فَيَقُولُ: نَعَمْ فَيُرْبِحُهُ، ويَكُونُ شَرِيكًا لِلْقَوْمِ مَكانَهُ، فَإذا نَظَرَ إلَيْهِ رَآهُ قَبِيحًا واسْتَغْلاهُ»، قالَ مالِكٌ: «ذَلِكَ لازِمٌ لَهُ، ولا خِيارَ لَهُ فِيهِ، إذا كانَ ابْتاعَهُ عَلى بَرْنامَجٍ وصِفَةٍ مَعْلُومَةٍ» قالَ مالِكٌ: «فِي الرَّجُلِ يَقْدَمُ لَهُ أصْنافٌ مِنَ البَزِّ، ويَحْضُرُهُ السُّوّامُ، ويَقْرَأُ عَلَيْهِمْ بَرْنامَجَهُ، ويَقُولُ: فِي كُلِّ عِدْلٍ كَذا وكَذا مِلْحَفَةً بَصْرِيَّةً، وكَذا وكَذا رَيْطَةً سابِرِيَّةً ذَرْعُها كَذا وكَذا، ويُسَمِّي لَهُمْ أصْنافًا مِنَ البَزِّ بِأجْناسِهِ، ويَقُولُ: اشْتَرُوا مِنِّي عَلى هَذِهِ الصِّفَةِ، فَيَشْتَرُونَ الأعْدالَ عَلى ما وصَفَ لَهُمْ ثُمَّ يَفْتَحُونَها فَيَسْتَغْلُونَها ويَنْدَمُونَ»، قالَ مالِكٌ: «ذَلِكَ لازِمٌ لَهُمْ إذا كانَ مُوافِقًا لِلْبَرْنامَجِ الَّذِي باعَهُمْ عَلَيْهِ» قالَ مالِكٌ: «وهَذا الأمْرُ الَّذِي لَمْ يَزَلْ عَلَيْهِ النّاسُ عِنْدَنا يُجِيزُونَهُ بَيْنَهُمْ، إذا كانَ المَتاعُ مُوافِقًا لِلْبَرْنامَجِ ولَمْ يَكُنْ مُخالِفًا لَهُ»

    Malik spoke about what was done among them in the case of a group of people who bought goods, drapery or slaves, and a man heard about it and said to one of the group, "I have heard the description and situation of the drapery goods you bought from so-and-so. Shall I give you such-and-such profit to take over your portion?" This person agreed, and the man gave him the profit and became a partner in his place. When he looked at the purchase, he saw that it was ugly and found it too expensive. Malik said, "It is obliged on him and there is no choice in it for him if he bought it according to a list of contents and the description was well-known." Malik spoke about a man who had drapery goods sent to him, and salesmen came to him and he read to them his list of contents and said, "In each bag is such-and-such a wrap from Basra and such-and-such a light wrap from Sabir. Their size is such-and-such," and he named to them types of drapery goods by their sort, and he said, "Buy them from me according to this description." They bought the bags according to what he described to them, and then they bought them and found them too expensive and regretted it. Malik said, "The sale is binding on them, if the goods agree with the list of contents on which he sold them." Malik said, "This is the way of doing things which people still use today. They permit the sale among them when the goods agree with the list of contents and are not different from it. "

81. Muwatta' Malik 1364Shahih

    «المُتَبايِعانِ كُلُّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما بِالخِيارِ عَلى صاحِبِهِ، ما لَمْ يَتَفَرَّقا إلّا بَيْعَ الخِيارِ»

    Telah menceritakan kepadaku Yahya dari Malik dari [Nafi'] dari [Abdullah bin Umar] bahwa Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam bersabda: "Dua orang yang saling bertransaksi jual beli mempunyai hak memilih selama belum berpisah, kecuali transaksi dengan pilihan." Malik berkata; "Menurut kami hal ini tidak ada batasan tertentu maupun pengecualian

82. Muwatta' Malik 31-82Shahih

    أنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قالَ: «أيُّما بَيِّعَيْنِ تَبايَعا، فالقَوْلُ ما قالَ البائِعُ أوْ يَتَرادّانِ» قالَ مالِكٌ: «فِيمَن باعَ مِن رَجُلٍ سِلْعَةً، فَقالَ البائِعُ: عِنْدَ مُواجَبَةِ البَيْعِ: أبِيعُكَ عَلى أنْ أسْتَشِيرَ فُلانًا. فَإنْ رَضِيَ فَقَدْ جازَ البَيْعُ. وإنْ كَرِهَ فَلا بَيْعَ بَيْنَنا. فَيَتَبايَعانِ عَلى ذَلِكَ. ثُمَّ يَنْدَمُ المُشْتَرِي قَبْلَ أنْ يَسْتَشِيرَ البائِعُ فُلانًا: إنَّ ذَلِكَ البَيْعَ لازِمٌ لَهُما، عَلى ما وصَفا. ولا خِيارَ لِلْمُبْتاعِ. وهُوَ لازِمٌ لَهُ. إنْ أحَبَّ الَّذِي اشْتَرَطَ لَهُ البائِعُ أنْ يُجِيزَهُ» قالَ مالِكٌ: «الأمْرُ عِنْدَنا فِي الرَّجُلِ يَشْتَرِي السِّلْعَةَ مِنَ الرَّجُلِ. فَيَخْتَلِفانِ فِي الثَّمَنِ. فَيَقُولُ البائِعُ بِعْتُكَها بِعَشَرَةِ دَنانِيرَ، ويَقُولُ المُبْتاعُ ابْتَعْتُها مِنكَ بِخَمْسَةِ دَنانِيرَ. إنَّهُ يُقالُ لِلْبائِعِ: إنْ شِئْتَ فَأعْطِها لِلْمُشْتَرِي بِما قالَ. وإنْ شِئْتَ فاحْلِفْ بِاللَّهِ ما بِعْتَ سِلْعَتَكَ إلّا بِما قُلْتَ. فَإنْ -[٦٧٢]- حَلَفَ قِيلَ لِلْمُشْتَرِي: إمّا أنْ تَأْخُذَ السِّلْعَةَ بِما قالَ البائِعُ. وإمّا أنْ تَحْلِفَ بِاللَّهِ ما اشْتَرَيْتَها إلّا بِما قُلْتَ. فَإنْ حَلَفَ بَرِئَ مِنها، وذَلِكَ أنَّ كُلَّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما مُدَّعٍ عَلى صاحِبِهِ»

    Malik related to me that he had heard that Abdullah ibn Masud used to relate that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "When two parties dispute about a business transaction, the seller's word is taken, or they make an agreement among themselves. Malik spoke about someone who sold goods to a man, and said at the contracting of the sale, 'I will sell to you provided I consult so-and-so. If he is satisfied, the sale is permitted. If he dislikes it, there is no sale between us.' They made the transaction on that basis. Then the buyer regretted before the seller consulted the person. Malik said, "That sale is binding on them according to what they described. The buyer has no right of withdrawal, and it is binding on him, if the person whom the seller stipulated to him, permits it." Malik said, "The way of doing things among us about a man who buys goods from another and they differ about the price, and the seller says, 'I sold them to you for ten dinars,' and the buyer says, 'I bought them from you for five dinars,' is that it is said to the seller, 'If you like, give them to the buyer for what he said. If you like, swear by Allah that you only sold your goods for what you said.' If he swears it is said to the buyer, 'Either you take the goods for what the seller said, or you swear by Allah that you bought them only for what you said.' If he swears, he is free to return the goods. That is when each of them testifies against the other."

83. Muwatta' Malik 1366Shahih

    أَنَّهُ قَالَ بِعْتُ بَزًّا لِي مِنْ أَهْلِ دَارِ نَخْلَةَ إِلَى أَجَلٍ ثُمَّ أَرَدْتُ الْخُرُوجَ إِلَى الْكُوفَةِ فَعَرَضُوا عَلَىَّ أَنْ أَضَعَ عَنْهُمْ بَعْضَ الثَّمَنِ وَيَنْقُدُونِي فَسَأَلْتُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ زَيْدَ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ فَقَالَ لاَ آمُرُكَ أَنْ تَأْكُلَ هَذَا وَلاَ تُوكِلَهُ

    Telah menceritakan kepadaku Yahya dari Malik dari [Abu Az Zinad] dari [Busr bin Sa'id] dari ['Ubaid Abu Shalih] mantan budak As Saffah, ia berkata; "Aku menjual kain daganganku dengan tempo kepada penduduk dar nakhlah. Kemudian aku ingin pergi ke Kufah, namun mereka memintaku untuk mengurangi harga hingga mereka dapat membayarnya secara tunai. Maka hal itu aku tanyakan kepada [Zaid bin Tsabit]. Dia menjawab; 'Saya tidak menyuruhmu untuk memakan harta itu dan tidak memberi makan dengan harta itu

84. Muwatta' Malik 1367Hasan atau shahih

    أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ لَهُ الدَّيْنُ عَلَى الرَّجُلِ إِلَى أَجَلٍ فَيَضَعُ عَنْهُ صَاحِبُ الْحَقِّ وَيُعَجِّلُهُ الآخَرُ فَكَرِهَ ذَلِكَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ وَنَهَى عَنْهُ

    Telah menceritakan kepadaku dari Malik dari ['Utsman bin Hafsh bin Khaldah] dari [Ibnu Syihab] dari [Salim bin Abdullah] dari [Abdullah bin Umar] bahwa ia pernah ditanya tentang seorang laki-laki yang berhutang kepada laki-laki lain dengan pembayaran tempo. Kemudian pemilik hak menguranginya dan pihak lain minta untuk disegerakan. Maa Abdullah bin Umar membenci hal itu dan melarangnya

85. Muwatta' Malik 1368Shahih

    كَانَ الرِّبَا فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ أَنْ يَكُونَ لِلرَّجُلِ عَلَى الرَّجُلِ الْحَقُّ إِلَى أَجَلٍ فَإِذَا حَلَّ الأَجَلُ قَالَ أَتَقْضِي أَمْ تُرْبِي فَإِنْ قَضَى أَخَذَ وَإِلاَّ زَادَهُ فِي حَقِّهِ وَأَخَّرَ عَنْهُ فِي الأَجَلِ

    Telah menceritakan kepadaku Malik dari [Zaid bin Aslam] ia berkata; "Riba jahiliyah ialah seseorang memberikan pinjaman kepada orang lain dalam jangka waktu tertentu. Lalu jika telah jatuh tempo, dia berkata; 'Apakah kamu mau membayar sekarang atau memberikan bunga? ' Jika dia membayarnya saat itu, maka dia akan mengambilnya. Namun jika tidak, hutangnya akan bertambah dan dia akan mengakhirkan pembayarannya pada lain waktu

86. Muwatta' Malik 1369Shahih

    مَطْلُ الْغَنِيِّ ظُلْمٌ وَإِذَا أُتْبِعَ أَحَدُكُمْ عَلَى مَلِيءٍ فَلْيَتْبَعْ

    Telah menceritakan kepadaku Yahya dari Malik dari [Abu Az Zinad] dari [Al A'raj] dari [Abu Hurairah] bahwa Rasulullah Shalla Allahu 'alaihi wa sallam bersabda: "Orang mampu yang menunda-nuda pembayaran hutang adalah kezhaliman, dan jika salah seorang di antara kalian dipindahkan hutangnya kepada orang kaya (ditanggung pelunasannya), hendaklah ia terima

87. Muwatta' Malik 1370Shahih

    قَالَ مَالِكٌ فِي الَّذِي يَشْتَرِي السِّلْعَةَ مِنَ الرَّجُلِ عَلَى أَنْ يُوَفِّيَهُ تِلْكَ السِّلْعَةَ إِلَى أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى إِمَّا لِسُوقٍ يَرْجُو نَفَاقَهَا فِيهِ وَإِمَّا لِحَاجَةٍ فِي ذَلِكَ الزَّمَانِ الَّذِي اشْتَرَطَ عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ يُخْلِفُهُ الْبَائِعُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ الأَجَلِ فَيُرِيدُ الْمُشْتَرِي رَدَّ تِلْكَ السِّلْعَةِ عَلَى الْبَائِعِ إِنَّ ذَلِكَ لَيْسَ لِلْمُشْتَرِي وَإِنَّ الْبَيْعَ لاَزِمٌ لَهُ وَإِنَّ الْبَائِعَ لَوْ جَاءَ بِتِلْكَ السِّلْعَةِ قَبْلَ مَحِلِّ الأَجَلِ لَمْ يُكْرَهِ الْمُشْتَرِي عَلَى أَخْذِهَا قَالَ مَالِكٌ فِي الَّذِي يَشْتَرِي الطَّعَامَ فَيَكْتَالُهُ ثُمَّ يَأْتِيهِ مَنْ يَشْتَرِيهِ مِنْهُ فَيُخْبِرُ الَّذِي يَأْتِيهِ أَنَّهُ قَدِ اكْتَالَهُ لِنَفْسِهِ وَاسْتَوْفَاهُ فَيُرِيدُ الْمُبْتَاعُ أَنْ يُصَدِّقَهُ وَيَأْخُذَهُ بِكَيْلِهِ إِنَّ مَا بِيعَ عَلَى هَذِهِ الصِّفَةِ بِنَقْدٍ فَلاَ بَأْسَ بِهِ وَمَا بِيعَ عَلَى هَذِهِ الصِّفَةِ إِلَى أَجَلٍ فَإِنَّهُ مَكْرُوهٌ حَتَّى يَكْتَالَهُ الْمُشْتَرِي الآخَرُ لِنَفْسِهِ وَإِنَّمَا كُرِهَ الَّذِي إِلَى أَجَلٍ لأَنَّهُ ذَرِيعَةٌ إِلَى الرِّبَا وَتَخَوُّفٌ أَنْ يُدَارَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى هَذَا الْوَجْهِ بِغَيْرِ كَيْلٍ وَلاَ وَزْنٍ فَإِنْ كَانَ إِلَى أَجَلٍ فَهُوَ مَكْرُوهٌ وَلاَ اخْتِلاَفَ فِيهِ عِنْدَنَا قَالَ مَالِكٌ لاَ يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يُشْتَرَى دَيْنٌ عَلَى رَجُلٍ غَائِبٍ وَلاَ حَاضِرٍ إِلاَّ بِإِقْرَارٍ مِنَ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ الدَّيْنُ وَلاَ عَلَى مَيِّتٍ وَإِنْ عَلِمَ الَّذِي تَرَكَ الْمَيِّتُ وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ اشْتِرَاءَ ذَلِكَ غَرَرٌ لاَ يُدْرَى أَيَتِمُّ أَمْ لاَ يَتِمُّ قَالَ وَتَفْسِيرُ مَا كُرِهَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ إِذَا اشْتَرَى دَيْنًا عَلَى غَائِبٍ أَوْ مَيِّتٍ أَنَّهُ لاَ يُدْرَى مَا يَلْحَقُ الْمَيِّتَ مِنَ الدَّيْنِ الَّذِي لَمْ يُعْلَمْ بِهِ فَإِنْ لَحِقَ الْمَيِّتَ دَيْنٌ ذَهَبَ الثَّمَنُ الَّذِي أَعْطَى الْمُبْتَاعُ بَاطِلاً قَالَ مَالِكٌ وَفِي ذَلِكَ أَيْضًا عَيْبٌ آخَرُ أَنَّهُ اشْتَرَى شَيْئًا لَيْسَ بِمَضْمُونٍ لَهُ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَتِمَّ ذَهَبَ ثَمَنُهُ بَاطِلاً فَهَذَا غَرَرٌ لاَ يَصْلُحُ قَالَ مَالِكٌ وَإِنَّمَا فُرِقَ بَيْنَ أَنْ لاَ يَبِيعَ الرَّجُلُ إِلاَّ مَا عِنْدَهُ وَأَنْ يُسَلِّفَ الرَّجُلُ فِي شَىْءٍ لَيْسَ عِنْدَهُ أَصْلُهُ أَنَّ صَاحِبَ الْعِينَةِ إِنَّمَا يَحْمِلُ ذَهَبَهُ الَّتِي يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَبْتَاعَ بِهَا فَيَقُولُ هَذِهِ عَشَرَةُ دَنَانِيرَ فَمَا تُرِيدُ أَنْ أَشْتَرِيَ لَكَ بِهَا فَكَأَنَّهُ يَبِيعُ عَشَرَةَ دَنَانِيرَ نَقْدًا بِخَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ دِينَارًا إِلَى أَجَلٍ فَلِهَذَا كُرِهَ هَذَا وَإِنَّمَا تِلْكَ الدُّخْلَةُ وَالدُّلْسَةُ

    Telah menceritakan kepadaku Malik dari [Musa bin Maisarah] ia mendengar seorang laki-laki bertanya kepada [Sa'id bin Musayyab]; "Saya adalah orang yang biasa berjualan dengan cara kredit." Sa'id menjawab; "Janganlah kamu menjual barang kecuali apa yang kamu bawa ke rumahmu

88. Muwatta' Malik 31-88Shahih

    قالَ مالِكٌ: فِي الرَّجُلِ يَبِيعُ البَزَّ المُصَنَّفَ، ويَسْتَثْنِي ثِيابًا بِرُقُومِها، إنَّهُ إنِ اشْتَرَطَ أنْ يَخْتارَ مِن ذَلِكَ الرَّقْمَ، فَلا بَأْسَ بِهِ، وإنْ لَمْ يَشْتَرِطْ أنْ يَخْتارَ مِنهُ حِينَ اسْتَثْنى، فَإنِّي أراهُ شَرِيكًا فِي عَدَدِ البَزِّ الَّذِي اشْتُرِيَ مِنهُ، وذَلِكَ أنَّ الثَّوْبَيْنِ يَكُونُ رَقْمُهُما سَواءً وبَيْنَهُما تَفاوُتٌ فِي الثَّمَنِ «قالَ مالِكٌ: «الأمْرُ عِنْدَنا أنَّهُ لا بَأْسَ بِالشِّرْكِ والتَّوْلِيَةِ والإقالَةِ مِنهُ فِي الطَّعامِ وغَيْرِهِ، قَبَضَ ذَلِكَ أوْ لَمْ يَقْبِضْ، إذا كانَ ذَلِكَ بِالنَّقْدِ، ولَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهِ رِبْحٌ، ولا وضِيعَةٌ، ولا تَأْخِيرٌ لِلثَّمَنِ، فَإنْ دَخَلَ ذَلِكَ رِبْحٌ أوْ وضِيعَةٌ أوْ تَأْخِيرٌ مِن واحِدٍ مِنهُما، صارَ بَيْعًا يُحِلُّهُ ما يُحِلُّ البَيْعَ، ويُحَرِّمُهُ ما يُحَرِّمُ البَيْعَ، ولَيْسَ بِشِرْكٍ ولا تَوْلِيَةٍ ولا إقالَةٍ» قالَ مالِكٌ: مَنِ اشْتَرى سِلْعَةً بَزًّا أوْ رَقِيقًا، فَبَتَّ بِهِ، ثُمَّ سَألَهُ رَجُلٌ أنْ يُشَرِّكَهُ فَفَعَلَ، ونَقَدا الثَّمَنَ صاحِبَ السِّلْعَةِ جَمِيعًا، ثُمَّ أدْرَكَ السِّلْعَةَ شَيْءٌ يَنْتَزِعُها مِن أيْدِيهِما، فَإنَّ المُشَرَّكَ -[٦٧٧]- يَأْخُذُ مِنِ الَّذِي أشْرَكَهُ الثَّمَنَ، ويَطْلُبُ الَّذِي أشْرَكَ بَيِّعَهُ الَّذِي باعَهُ السِّلْعَةَ بِالثَّمَنِ كُلِّهِ، إلّا أنْ يَشْتَرِطَ المُشَرِّكُ عَلى الَّذِي أشْرَكَ بِحَضْرَةِ البَيْعِ، وعِنْدَ مُبايَعَةِ البائِعِ الأوَّلِ، وقَبْلَ أنْ يَتَفاوَتَ ذَلِكَ أنَّ عُهْدَتَكَ عَلى الَّذِي ابْتَعْتُ مِنهُ، وإنْ تَفاوَتَ ذَلِكَ، وفاتَ البائِعَ الأوَّلَ فَشَرْطُ الآخَرِ باطِلٌ وعَلَيْهِ العُهْدَةُ» قالَ مالِكٌ: «فِي الرَّجُلِ يَقُولُ لِلرَّجُلِ: اشْتَرِ هَذِهِ السِّلْعَةَ بَيْنِي وبَيْنَكَ، وانْقُدْ عَنِّي وأنا أبِيعُها لَكَ: إنَّ ذَلِكَ لا يَصْلُحُ. حِينَ قالَ: انْقُدْ عَنِّي وأنا أبِيعُها لَكَ. وإنَّما ذَلِكَ سَلَفٌ يُسْلِفُهُ إيّاهُ، عَلى أنْ يَبِيعَها لَهُ. ولَوْ أنَّ تِلْكَ السِّلْعَةَ هَلَكَتْ. أوْ فاتَتْ. أخَذَ ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلُ الَّذِي نَقَدَ الثَّمَنَ. مِن شَرِيكِهِ ما نَقَدَ عَنْهُ فَهَذا مِنَ السَّلَفِ الَّذِي يَجُرُّ مَنفَعَةً» قالَ مالِكٌ: «ولَوْ أنَّ رَجُلًا ابْتاعَ سِلْعَةً، فَوَجَبَتْ لَهُ، ثُمَّ قالَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ: أشْرِكْنِي بِنِصْفِ هَذِهِ السِّلْعَةِ، وأنا أبِيعُها لَكَ جَمِيعًا، كانَ ذَلِكَ حَلالًا لا بَأْسَ بِهِ، وتَفْسِيرُ ذَلِكَ أنَّ هَذا بَيْعٌ جَدِيدٌ. باعَهُ نِصْفَ السِّلْعَةِ، عَلى أنْ يَبِيعَ لَهُ النِّصْفَ الآخَرَ»

    Malik said there was no harm if a man who sold some drapery and excluded some garments by their markings, stipulated that he chose the marked ones from that. If he did not stipulate that he would choose from them when he made the exclusion, I think that he is partner in the number of drapery goods which were purchased from him. That is because two garments can be alike in marking and be greatly different in price. Malik said, "The way of doing things among us is that there is no harm in partnership, transferring responsibility to an agent, and revocation when dealing with food and other things, whether or not possession was taken, when the transaction is with cash, and there is no profit, loss, or deferment of price in it. If profit or loss or deferment of price from one of the two enters any of these transactions, it becomes sale which is made halal by what makes sale halal, and made haram by what makes sale haram, and it is not partnership, transferring responsibility to an agent, or revocation." Malik spoke about some one who bought drapery goods or slaves, and the sale was concluded, then a man asked him to be his partner and he agreed and the new partner paid the whole price to the seller and then something happened to the goods which removed them from their possession. Malik said, "The new partner takes the price from the original partner and the original partner demands from the seller the whole price unless the original partner stipulated on the new partner during the sale and before the transaction with the seller was completed that the seller was responsible to him. If the transaction has ended and the seller has gone, the pre-condition of the original partner is void, and he has the responsibility." Malik spoke about a man who asked another man to buy certain goods to share between them, and he wanted the other man to pay for him and he would sell the goods for the other man. Malik said, "That is not good. When he says, 'Pay for me and I will sell it for you,' it becomes a loan which he makes to him in order that he sell it for him and if those goods are destroyed, or pass, the man who paid the price will demand from his partner what he put in for him. This is part of the advance which brings in profit." Malik said, "If a man buys goods, and they are settled for him, and then a man says to him, 'Share half of these goods with me, and I will sell them all for you,' that is halal, there is no harm in it. The explanation of that is that this is a new sale and he sells him half of the goods provided that he sells the whole lot."

89. Muwatta' Malik 1371Shahih

    أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ بَاعَ مَتَاعًا فَأَفْلَسَ الَّذِي ابْتَاعَهُ مِنْهُ وَلَمْ يَقْبِضِ الَّذِي بَاعَهُ مِنْ ثَمَنِهِ شَيْئًا فَوَجَدَهُ بِعَيْنِهِ فَهُوَ أَحَقُّ بِهِ وَإِنْ مَاتَ الَّذِي ابْتَاعَهُ فَصَاحِبُ الْمَتَاعِ فِيهِ أُسْوَةُ الْغُرَمَاءِ

    Telah menceritakan kepadaku Yahya dari Malik dari [Ibnu Syihab] dari [Abu Bakar bin Abdurrahman bin Al Harits bin Hisyam] bahwa Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam bersabda: "Barangsiapa menjual barang dagangan, lalu orang yang membeli dagangannya mengalami kebangkrutan padahal dia belum menerima uang pembayaran dari barangnya tersebut, Jika ia mendapati barang dagangannya tersebut maka ia lebih berhak atas barang itu. Jika pembeli meninggal dunia, maka sang pemilik barang adalah panutan orang-orang yang memiliki hutang

90. Muwatta' Malik 1372Shahih

    «أيُّما رَجُلٍ أفْلَسَ، فَأدْرَكَ الرَّجُلُ مالَهُ بِعَيْنِهِ، فَهُوَ أحَقُّ بِهِ مِن غَيْرِهِ»

    Telah menceritakan kepadaku Malik dari [Yahya bin Sa'id] dari [Abu Bakar bin Muhammad bin 'Amru bin Hazm] dari ['Umar bin Abdul Aziz] dari [Abu Bakar bin Abdurrahman bin Al Harits bin Hisyam] dari [Abu Hurairah] bahwa Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam bersabda: "Siapa saja mengalami kebangkrutan, lalu seseorang (pemberi pinjaman) menemukan harta milik orang yang bangkrut tersebut, maka dia lebih berhak atas harta itu daripada orang lain

91. Muwatta' Malik 1373Shahih

    عَنْ أَبِي رَافِعٍ مَوْلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ اسْتَسْلَفَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَكْرًا فَجَاءَتْهُ إِبِلٌ مِنَ الصَّدَقَةِ قَالَ أَبُو رَافِعٍ فَأَمَرَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ أَقْضِيَ الرَّجُلَ بَكْرَهُ فَقُلْتُ لَمْ أَجِدْ فِي الإِبِلِ إِلاَّ جَمَلاً خِيَارًا رَبَاعِيًا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَعْطِهِ إِيَّاهُ فَإِنَّ خِيَارَ النَّاسِ أَحْسَنُهُمْ قَضَاءً

    Telah menceritakan kepadaku Yahya dari Malik dari [Zaid bin Aslam] dari ['Atha bin Yasar] dari [Abu Rafi'] mantan budak Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam, ia berkata; "Rasulullah pernah meminjam seekor anak lembu dari seseorang. Setelah itu beliau menerima sedekah berupa sekumpulan unta." Abu Rafi' berkata; "Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam kemudian menyuruhku membayarkan hutangnya berupa seekor anak lembu kepada orang yang telah meminjaminya." Akupun berkata; "Aku tidak mendapatkan kecuali unta yang bagus dan telah berumur tujuh tahunan." Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam lantas bersabda: "Berikanlah kepadanya, sebaik-baik orang ialah yang membayar hutang dengan yang lebih baik

92. Muwatta' Malik 1374Shahih

    اسْتَسْلَفَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ مِنْ رَجُلٍ دَرَاهِمَ ثُمَّ قَضَاهُ دَرَاهِمَ خَيْرًا مِنْهَا فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ هَذِهِ خَيْرٌ مِنْ دَرَاهِمِي الَّتِي أَسْلَفْتُكَ فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ قَدْ عَلِمْتُ وَلَكِنْ نَفْسِي بِذَلِكَ طَيِّبَةٌ

    Telah menceritakan kepadaku Malik dari [Humaid bin Qais Al Maki] dari [Mujahid] ia berkata; "Abdullah bin Umar pernah meminjam beberapa dirham dari seorang lelaki, lalu ia membayarnya dengan dirham yang lebih baik. Laki-laki itu lalu berkata, "Wahai Abu Abdurrahman, ini lebih baik dari dirham yang aku pinjamkan kepadamu?" Maka [Abdullah bin Umar] menjawab; "Saya tahu, namun dengan demikian jiwaku menjadi lebih nyaman

93. Muwatta' Malik 1375Penilai berbeda pendapat

    قَالَ فِي رَجُلٍ أَسْلَفَ رَجُلاً طَعَامًا عَلَى أَنْ يُعْطِيَهُ إِيَّاهُ فِي بَلَدٍ آخَرَ فَكَرِهَ ذَلِكَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ وَقَالَ فَأَيْنَ الْحَمْلُ يَعْنِي حُمْلاَنَهُ

    Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that Umar ibn al-Khattab said that he disapproved of one man lending another food on the provision that he gave it back to him in another city. He said, "Where is the transport?"

94. Muwatta' Malik 1376Penilai berbeda pendapat

    فَقَالَ يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ إِنِّي أَسْلَفْتُ رَجُلاً سَلَفًا وَاشْتَرَطْتُ عَلَيْهِ أَفْضَلَ مِمَّا أَسْلَفْتُهُ فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ فَذَلِكَ الرِّبَا قَالَ فَكَيْفَ تَأْمُرُنِي يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ السَّلَفُ عَلَى ثَلاَثَةِ وُجُوهٍ سَلَفٌ تُسْلِفُهُ تُرِيدُ بِهِ وَجْهَ اللَّهِ فَلَكَ وَجْهُ اللَّهِ وَسَلَفٌ تُسْلِفُهُ تُرِيدُ بِهِ وَجْهَ صَاحِبِكَ فَلَكَ وَجْهُ صَاحِبِكَ وَسَلَفٌ تُسْلِفُهُ لِتَأْخُذَ خَبِيثًا بِطَيِّبٍ فَذَلِكَ الرِّبَا قَالَ فَكَيْفَ تَأْمُرُنِي يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ قَالَ أَرَى أَنْ تَشُقَّ الصَّحِيفَةَ فَإِنْ أَعْطَاكَ مِثْلَ الَّذِي أَسْلَفْتَهُ قَبِلْتَهُ وَإِنْ أَعْطَاكَ دُونَ الَّذِي أَسْلَفْتَهُ فَأَخَذْتَهُ أُجِرْتَ وَإِنْ أَعْطَاكَ أَفْضَلَ مِمَّا أَسْلَفْتَهُ طَيِّبَةً بِهِ نَفْسُهُ فَذَلِكَ شُكْرٌ شَكَرَهُ لَكَ وَلَكَ أَجْرُ مَا أَنْظَرْتَهُ

    A free loan which you lend by which you desire the pleasure of Allah, and so you have the pleasure of Allah. A free loan which you lend by which you desire the pleasure of your companion, so you have the pleasure of your companion, and a free loan which you lend by which you take what is impure by what is pure, and that is usury." He said, "What do you order me to do, Abu Abd ar-Rahman?" He said, "I think that you should tear up the agreement. If he gives you the like of what you lent him, accept it. If he gives you less than what you lent him, take it and you will be rewarded. If he gives you better than what you lent him, of his own good will, that is his gratitude to you and you have the wage of the period you gave him the loan."

95. Muwatta' Malik 1377Shahih

    يَقُولُ مَنْ أَسْلَفَ سَلَفًا فَلاَ يَشْتَرِطْ إِلاَّ قَضَاءَهُ

    Telah menceritakan kepadaku Malik dari [Nafi'] Bahwasanya ia pernah mendengar [Abdullah bin Umar] berkata; "Barangsiapa meminjamkan pinjaman, hendaknya tidak memberi syarat kecuali pembayarannya

96. Muwatta' Malik 1378Penilai berbeda pendapat

    أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ مَسْعُودٍ كَانَ يَقُولُ مَنْ أَسْلَفَ سَلَفًا فَلاَ يَشْتَرِطْ أَفْضَلَ مِنْهُ وَإِنْ كَانَتْ قَبْضَةً مِنْ عَلَفٍ فَهُوَ رِبًا قَالَ مَالِكٌ الأَمْرُ الْمُجْتَمَعُ عَلَيْهِ عِنْدَنَا أَنَّ مَنِ اسْتَسْلَفَ شَيْئًا مِنَ الْحَيَوَانِ بِصِفَةٍ وَتَحْلِيَةٍ مَعْلُومَةٍ فَإِنَّهُ لاَ بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ وَعَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَرُدَّ مِثْلَهُ إِلاَّ مَا كَانَ مِنَ الْوَلاَئِدِ فَإِنَّهُ يُخَافُ فِي ذَلِكَ الذَّرِيعَةُ إِلَى إِحْلاَلِ مَا لاَ يَحِلُّ فَلاَ يَصْلُحُ وَتَفْسِيرُ مَا كُرِهَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ أَنْ يَسْتَسْلِفَ الرَّجُلُ الْجَارِيَةَ فَيُصِيبُهَا مَا بَدَا لَهُ ثُمَّ يَرُدُّهَا إِلَى صَاحِبِهَا بِعَيْنِهَا فَذَلِكَ لاَ يَصْلُحُ وَلاَ يَحِلُّ وَلَمْ يَزَلْ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ يَنْهَوْنَ عَنْهُ وَلاَ يُرَخِّصُونَ فِيهِ لأَحَدٍ

    Malik related to me that he had heard that Abdullah ibn Masud used to say, "If someone makes a loan, they should not stipulate better than it. Even if it is a handful of grass, it is usury." Malik said, "The generally agreed on way of doing things among us is that there is no harm in borrowing any animals with a set description and itemisation, and one must return the like of them. This is not done in the case of female slaves. It is feared about that that it will lead to making halal what is not halal, so it is not good. The explanation of what is disapproved of in that, is that a man borrow a slave-girl and have intercourse with her as seems proper to him. Then he returns her to her owner. That is not good and it is not halal. The people of knowledge still forbid it and do not give an indulgence to any one in it."

97. Muwatta' Malik 1379Shahih

    لاَ يَبِعْ بَعْضُكُمْ عَلَى بَيْعِ بَعْضٍ

    Telah menceritakan kepadaku Yahya dari Malik dari [Nafi'] dari [Abdullah bin Umar] bahwa Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam bersabda: "Janganlah sebagian kalian menjual barang yang sedang ditawar orang lain

98. Muwatta' Malik 1380Shahih

    «لا تَلَقَّوُا الرُّكْبانَ لِلْبَيْعِ، ولا يَبِعْ بَعْضُكُمْ عَلى بَيْعِ بَعْضٍ، ولا تَناجَشُوا، ولا يَبِعْ حاضِرٌ لِبادٍ، ولا تُصَرُّوا الإبِلَ والغَنَمَ، فَمَنِ ابْتاعَها بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَهُوَ بِخَيْرِ النَّظَرَيْنِ، بَعْدَ أنْ يَحْلُبَها، -[٦٨٤]- إنْ رَضِيَها أمْسَكَها، وإنْ سَخِطَها رَدَّها وصاعًا مِن تَمْرٍ»

    Telah menceritakan kepadaku Malik dari [Abu Az Zinad] dari [Al A'raj] dari [Abu Hurairah] bahwa Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam bersabda: "Janganlah kalian mencegat pedagang sebelum sampai di pasar. Janganlah kalian menjual barang yang sedang ditawar orang lain. Janganlah kalian bersaing dalam menawar. Janganlah orang kota tidak menjual barang kepada orang dusun. Janganlah kalian menahan air susu unta dan kambing dalam kantungnya (hingga tampak besar saat dijual).. Barangsiapa terlanjur membelinya dan memerahnya maka dia mempunyai dua pilihan; jika dia ridla ia boleh menahannya, jika tidak ia boleh mengembalikannya dengan menyertakan satu sha' kurma

99. Muwatta' Malik 1381Shahih

    «نَهى عَنِ النَّجْشِ» قالَ مالِكٌ: «والنَّجْشُ أنْ تُعْطِيَهُ بِسِلْعَتِهِ أكْثَرَ مِن ثَمَنِها، ولَيْسَ فِي نَفْسِكَ اشْتِراؤُها فَيَقْتَدِي بِكَ غَيْرُكَ»

    Malik said, from Nafi from Abdullah ibn Umar that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade najsh. Malik said, "Najsh is to offer a man more than the worth of his goods when you do not mean to buy them and someone else follows you in bidding."

100. Muwatta' Malik 1382Shahih

     أَنَّ رَجُلاً ذَكَرَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّهُ يُخْدَعُ فِي الْبُيُوعِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِذَا بَايَعْتَ فَقُلْ لاَ خِلاَبَةَ قَالَ فَكَانَ الرَّجُلُ إِذَا بَايَعَ يَقُولُ لاَ خِلاَبَةَ

     Telah menceritakan kepadaku Yahya dari Malik dari [Abdullah bin Dinar] dari [Abdullah bin 'Umar] berkata, "Seorang lelaki mengadu kepada Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam bahwa ia telah ditipu dalam transaksi jual belinya. Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam lalu bersabda: "Jika kamu berdagang maka katakanlah; 'Jangan ada unsur penipuan'. Semenjak itu dia selalu mengatakannya ketika berdagang; "Jangan ada penipuan

101. Muwatta' Malik 1383Shahih

     إِذَا جِئْتَ أَرْضًا يُوفُونَ الْمِكْيَالَ وَالْمِيزَانَ فَأَطِلِ الْمُقَامَ بِهَا وَإِذَا جِئْتَ أَرْضًا يُنَقِّصُونَ الْمِكْيَالَ وَالْمِيزَانَ فَأَقْلِلِ الْمُقَامَ بِهَا

     Telah menceritakan kepadaku Malik dari [Yahya bin Sa'id] Bahwasanya ia mendengar [Sa'id bin Musayyab] berkata; "Jika kamu datang ke sebuah negeri yang penduduknya jujur dalam hal takaran dan timbangan, maka tinggallah di sana lebih lama. Namun jika kamu mendatangi sebuah negeri yang penduduknya suka mengurangi takaran dan timbangan, maka singkatkanlah keberadaanmu di sana

102. Muwatta' Malik 1384Shahih

     أَحَبَّ اللَّهُ عَبْدًا سَمْحًا إِنْ بَاعَ سَمْحًا إِنِ ابْتَاعَ سَمْحًا إِنْ قَضَى سَمْحًا إِنِ اقْتَضَى

     Telah menceritakan kepadaku Malik dari [Yahya bin Sa'id] Bahwasanya ia mendengar [Muhammad bin Al Munkadir] berkata; "Allah mencintai hamba yang bermurah hati saat menjual; bermurah hati saat membeli; bermurah hati saat membayar (hutang); dan bermurah hati saat minta pembayaran hutang

103. Muwatta' Malik 1385Shahih

     أَنَّهُ سَأَلَهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَتَكَارَى الدَّابَّةَ ثُمَّ يُكْرِيهَا بِأَكْثَرَ مِمَّا تَكَارَاهَا بِهِ فَقَالَ لاَ بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ

     Telah menceritakan kepadaku Malik dari [Ibnu Syihab] bahwa ia pernah ditanya tentang seorang lelaki yang menyewa seekor binatang yang ditunggangi, lalu binatang tersebut dia sewakan lagi kepada orang lain dengan harga yang lebih tinggi daripada harga sewanya. Ibnu Syihab menjawab; "Tidak apa-apa