85. Abū Bakr's leading the people in the pilgrimage in the year nine
Sirat Ibn Hisham 1506No grade recorded
حَجُّ أَبِي بَكْرٍ بِالنَّاسِ سَنَةَ تِسْعٍ [ اخْتِصَاصُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ رِضْوَانُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ بِتَأْدِيَةِ أَوَّلِ بَرَاءَةٍ عَنْهُ، وَذِكْرُ بَرَاءَةَ وَالْقَصَصِ فِي تَفْسِيرِهَا ]. [ تَأْمِيرُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ عَلَى الْحَجِّ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: ثُمَّ أَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَقِيَّةَ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَشَوَّالًا وَذَا الْقَعَدَةِ، ثُمَّ بَعَثَ أَبَا بَكْرٍ أَمِيرًا عَلَى الْحَجِّ مِنْ سَنَةِ تِسْعٍ، لِيُقِيمَ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ حَجَّهُمْ، وَالنَّاسُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الشِّرْكِ عَلَى مَنَازِلِهِمْ مِنْ حَجِّهِمْ. فَخَرَجَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ وَمَنْ مَعَهُ مِنْ الْمُسْلِمِينَ.
✧ Abū Bakr's pilgrimage with the people in the year nine [The Prophet ﷺ singled out ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib (may God be pleased with him) to deliver the first Barāʾah on his behalf, and the mention of Barāʾah and the narratives concerning its interpretation]. [The appointment of Abū Bakr over the pilgrimage] Ibn Isḥāq said: Then the Messenger of God ﷺ remained for the rest of the month of Ramaḍān, Shawwāl, and Dhū al-Qaʿdah. Then he sent Abū Bakr as commander over the pilgrimage of the year nine, so that he might conduct the Muslims' pilgrimage for them, while the people of polytheism were at their stations of their pilgrimage. So Abū Bakr ؓ set out with those Muslims who were with him.
Sirat Ibn Hisham 1507No grade recorded
[ نُزُولُ بَرَاءَةٍ فِي نَقْضِ مَا بَيْنَ الرَّسُولِ وَالْمُشْرِكِينَ ] وَنَزَلَتْ بَرَاءَةٌ فِي نَقْضِ مَا بَيْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَبَيْنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ مِنْ الْعَهْدِ، الَّذِي كَانُوا عَلَيْهِ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَهُمْ: أَنْ لَا يُصَدَّ عَنْ الْبَيْتِ أَحَدٌ جَاءَهُ، وَلَا يَخَافُ أَحَدٌ فِي الشَّهْرِ الْحِرَامِ. وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ عَهْدًا عَامًّا بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ النَّاسِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الشِّرْكِ، وَكَانَتْ بَيْنَ ذَلِكَ عُهُودٌ بَيْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَبَيْنَ قَبَائِلَ مِنْ الْعَرَبِ خَصَائِصَ، إلَى آجَالٍ مُسَمَّاةٍ، فَنَزَلَتْ فِيهِ وَفِيمَنْ تَخَلَّفَ مِنْ الْمُنَافِقِينَ عَنْهُ فِي تَبُوكَ وَفِي قَوْلِ مَنْ قَالَ مِنْهُمْ، فَكَشَفَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِيهَا سَرَائِرَ أَقْوَامٍ كَانُوا يَسْتَخْفُونَ بِغَيْرِ مَا يُظْهِرُونَ، مِنْهُمْ مَنْ سَمَّى لَنَا، وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ لَمْ يُسَمَّ لَنَا، فَقَالَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: بَرَاءَةٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ إِلَى الَّذِينَ عَاهَدْتُمْ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ أَيْ لِأَهْلِ الْعَهْدِ الْعَامِّ مِنْ أَهْلِ الشِّرْكِ فَسِيحُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّكُمْ غَيْرُ مُعْجِزِي اللَّهِ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ مُخْزِي الْكَافِرِينَ وَأَذَانٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ إِلَى النَّاسِ يَوْمَ الْحَجِّ الْأَكْبَرِ أَنَّ اللَّهَ بَرِيءٌ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ وَرَسُولُهُ أَيْ بَعْدَ هَذِهِ الْحِجَّةِ فَإِنْ تُبْتُمْ فَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ وَإِنْ تَوَلَّيْتُمْ فَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّكُمْ غَيْرُ مُعْجِزِي اللَّهِ وَبَشِّرِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ إِلَّا الَّذِينَ عَاهَدْتُمْ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ أَيْ الْعَهْدَ الْخَاصَّ إلَى الْأَجَلِ الْمُسَمَّى ثُمَّ لَمْ يَنْقُصُوكُمْ شَيْئًا وَلَمْ يُظَاهِرُوا عَلَيْكُمْ أَحَدًا فَأَتِمُّوا إِلَيْهِمْ عَهْدَهُمْ إِلَى مُدَّتِهِمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُتَّقِينَ فَإِذَا انْسَلَخَ الْأَشْهُرُ الْحُرُمُ يَعْنِي الْأَرْبَعَةَ الَّتِي ضَرَبَ لَهُمْ أَجَلًا فَاقْتُلُوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ حَيْثُ وَجَدْتُمُوهُمْ وَخُذُوهُمْ وَاحْصُرُوهُمْ وَاقْعُدُوا لَهُمْ كُلَّ مَرْصَدٍ فَإِنْ تَابُوا وَأَقَامُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَآتَوُا الزَّكَاةَ فَخَلُّوا سَبِيلَهُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ وَإِنْ أَحَدٌ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ أَيْ مِنْ هَؤُلَاءِ الَّذِينَ أَمَرْتُكَ بِقَتْلِهِمْ اسْتَجَارَكَ فَأَجِرْهُ حَتَّى يَسْمَعَ كَلَامَ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ أَبْلِغْهُ مَأْمَنَهُ ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ قَوْمٌ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ. ثُمَّ قَالَ: كَيْفَ يَكُونُ لِلْمُشْرِكِينَ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا هُمْ وَأَنْتُمْ عَلَى الْعَهْدِ الْعَامِّ أَنْ لَا يُخِيفُوكُمْ وَلَا يُخِيفُوهُمْ فِي الْحُرْمَةِ، وَلَا فِي الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ عَهْدٌ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ وَعِنْدَ رَسُولِهِ إِلَّا الَّذِينَ عَاهَدْتُمْ عِنْدَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ وَهِيَ قَبَائِلُ مِنْ بَنِي بَكْرٍ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا دَخَلُوا فِي عَقْدِ قُرَيْشٍ وَعَهْدِهِمْ يَوْمَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ، إلَى الْمُدَّةِ الَّتِي كَانَتْ بَيْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَبَيْنَ قُرَيْشٍ، فَلَمْ يَكُنْ نَقَضَهَا إلَّا هَذَا الْحَيُّ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ، وَهِيَ الدِّيلُ مِنْ بَنِي بَكْرِ بْنِ وَائِلٍ، الَّذِينَ كَانُوا دَخَلُوا فِي عَقْدِ قُرَيْشٍ وَعَهْدِهِمْ. فَأُمِرَ بِإِتْمَامِ الْعَهْدِ لِمَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ نَقَضَ مِنْ بَنِي بَكْرٍ إلَى مُدَّتِهِ فَمَا اسْتَقَامُوا لَكُمْ فَاسْتَقِيمُوا لَهُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُتَّقِينَ. ثُمَّ قَالَ تَعَالَى: كَيْفَ وَإِنْ يَظْهَرُوا عَلَيْكُمْ أَيْ الْمُشْرِكُونَ الَّذِينَ لَا عَهْدَ لَهُمْ إلَى مُدَّةٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الشِّرْكِ الْعَامِّ لَا يَرْقُبُوا فِيكُمْ إِلًّا وَلَا ذِمَّةً. [ تَفْسِيرُ ابْنِ هِشَامٍ لِبَعْضِ الْغَرِيبِ ] قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: الْإِلُّ: الْحِلْفُ. قَالَ أَوْسُ بْنُ حَجَرٍ، أَحَدُ بَنِي أُسَيِّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ تَمِيمٍ: لَوْلَا بَنُو مَالِكٍ وَالْإِلُّ مَرْقَبَةٌ وَمَالِكٌ فِيهِمْ الْآلَاءُ وَالشَّرَفُ وَهَذَا الْبَيْتُ فِي قَصِيدَةٍ لَهُ. وَجَمَعَهُ: آلَالَ، قَالَ الشَّاعِرُ: فَلَا إلٌّ مِنْ الْآلَالِ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَكُمْ فَلَا تَأْلُنَّ جُهْدًا وَالذِّمَّةُ: الْعَهْدُ. قَالَ الْأَجْدَعُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ الْهَمْدَانِيُّ، وَهُوَ أَبُو مَسْرُوقِ بْنِ الْأَجْدَعِ الْفَقِيهُ: وَكَانَ عَلَيْنَا ذِمَّةٌ أَنْ تُجَاوِزُوا مِنْ الْأَرْضِ مَعْرُوفًا إلَيْنَا وَمُنْكَرًا وَهَذَا الْبَيْتُ فِي ثَلَاثَةِ أَبْيَاتٍ لَهُ، وَجَمْعُهَا: ذِمَمٌ. يُرْضُونَكُمْ بِأَفْوَاهِهِمْ وَتَأْبَى قُلُوبُهُمْ وَأَكْثَرُهُمْ فَاسِقُونَ اشْتَرَوْا بِآيَاتِ اللَّهِ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا فَصَدُّوا عَنْ سَبِيلِهِ إِنَّهُمْ سَاءَ مَا كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ لَا يَرْقُبُونَ فِي مُؤْمِنٍ إِلًّا وَلَا ذِمَّةً وَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْمُعْتَدُونَ أَيْ قَدْ اعْتَدَوْا عَلَيْكُمْ فَإِنْ تَابُوا وَأَقَامُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَآتَوُا الزَّكَاةَ فَإِخْوَانُكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ وَنُفَصِّلُ الْآيَاتِ لِقَوْمٍ يَعْلَمُونَ
✧ [The revelation of Barāʾah concerning the annulment of what was between the Messenger and the polytheists] And Barāʾah was revealed concerning the annulment of what was between the Messenger of God ﷺ and the polytheists of the treaty that they were upon between him and them: that no one who came to the House should be turned away from it, and no one should fear in the sacred month. That was a general treaty between him and the people of polytheism, and between that there were specific treaties between the Messenger of God ﷺ and tribes of the Arabs, until named terms. So it was revealed concerning it, and concerning those of the hypocrites who stayed behind from it at Tabūk, and concerning the saying of those of them who spoke, and God Most High uncovered in it the secrets of peoples who were concealing other than what they showed. Among them are those whom He named to us, and among them are those whom He did not name to us. So He said, exalted and glorious: "A declaration of immunity from God and His Messenger to those of the polytheists with whom you have made a treaty" (Q 9:1), that is, to the people of the general treaty from the people of polytheism. "So travel freely in the land for four months, and know that you cannot frustrate God, and that God will disgrace the disbelievers" (Q 9:2). "And an announcement from God and His Messenger to the people on the day of the greater pilgrimage that God is quit of the polytheists, and His Messenger" (Q 9:3), that is, after this pilgrimage. "So if you repent, it is better for you; but if you turn away, then know that you cannot frustrate God. And give tidings to those who disbelieve of a painful punishment" (Q 9:3). "Except those of the polytheists with whom you have made a treaty" (Q 9:4), that is, the specific treaty to the named term, "then they have not failed you in anything, and have not supported anyone against you; so complete to them their treaty until their term. Indeed, God loves the God-fearing" (Q 9:4). "Then when the sacred months have passed" (Q 9:5), meaning the four for which He set them a term, "kill the polytheists wherever you find them, and take them, and besiege them, and lie in wait for them at every ambush. But if they repent, and perform the prayer, and give the alms, then let them go their way. Indeed, God is forgiving, merciful" (Q 9:5). "And if any one of the polytheists" (Q 9:6), that is, of those whom I commanded you to kill, "seeks your protection, then grant him protection until he hears the word of God, then convey him to his place of safety. That is because they are a people who do not know" (Q 9:6). Then He said: "How can there be for the polytheists" who were, they and you, upon the general treaty, that they should not frighten you nor you frighten them in the sacredness, nor in the sacred month, "a treaty with God and with His Messenger? Except those with whom you made a treaty at the Sacred Mosque" (Q 9:7), and they are tribes of Banū Bakr who had entered into the pact of Quraysh and their treaty on the day of Ḥudaybiyah, until the term that was between the Messenger of God ﷺ and Quraysh. And none broke it except this clan of Quraysh, and it is al-Dīl of Banū Bakr b. Wāʾil, who had entered into the pact of Quraysh and their treaty. So he was commanded to complete the treaty for those of Banū Bakr who had not broken it until its term. "So as long as they are upright to you, be upright to them. Indeed, God loves the God-fearing" (Q 9:7). Then He said, exalted: "How? And if they prevail over you" (Q 9:8), that is, the polytheists who have no treaty until a term from the people of general polytheism, "they will not observe toward you any bond or any covenant." [Ibn Hishām's explanation of some rare words] Ibn Hishām said: al-ill: the alliance. Aws b. Ḥajar, one of Banū Usayyid b. ʿAmr b. Tamīm, said: "Were it not for Banū Mālik and the alliance, there is a watchtower, and Mālik, in them are blessings and nobility." And this verse is in an ode of his. And its plural: ālāl. The poet said: "So there is no bond among the bonds between me and you, so do not spare any effort." And al-dhimmah: the covenant. Al-Ajdaʿ b. Mālik al-Hamdānī, and he is Abū Masrūq b. al-Ajdaʿ the jurist, said: "And there was upon us a covenant that you should pass from the land a known thing to us and a detested one." And this verse is in three verses of his, and its plural: dhimam. "They please you with their mouths, but their hearts refuse, and most of them are transgressors. They have sold the signs of God for a small price, and have turned from His way. Indeed, evil is what they used to do. They do not observe toward a believer any bond or any covenant, and those are the transgressors" (Q 9:8-10), that is, they have transgressed against you. "But if they repent, and perform the prayer, and give the alms, then they are your brothers in religion. And We detail the signs for a people who know" (Q 9:11).
Sirat Ibn Hisham 1508No grade recorded
[ اخْتِصَاصُ الرَّسُولِ عَلِيًّا بِتَأْدِيَةِ بَرَاءَةٌ عَنْهُ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَحَدَّثَنِي حَكِيمُ بْنُ حَكِيمِ بْنِ عَبَّادِ بْنِ حُنَيْفٍ، عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ رِضْوَانُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ بَرَاءَةٌ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَقَدْ كَانَ بَعَثَ أَبَا بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقَ لِيُقِيمَ لِلنَّاسِ الْحَجَّ، قِيلَ لَهُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ لَوْ بَعَثْتُ بِهَا إلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ، فَقَالَ: لَا يُؤَدِّي عَنِّي إلَّا رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ بَيْتِي، ثُمَّ دَعَا عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ رِضْوَانُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: اُخْرُجْ بِهَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ مِنْ صَدْرِ بَرَاءَةٍ، وَأَذِّنْ فِي النَّاسِ يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ إذَا اجْتَمَعُوا بِمِنًى، أَنَّهُ لَا يَدْخُلُ الْجَنَّةَ كَافِرٌ، وَلَا يَحُجُّ بَعْدَ الْعَامِ مُشْرِكٌ، وَلَا يَطُوفُ بِالْبَيْتِ عُرْيَانٌ، وَمَنْ كَانَ لَهُ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَهْدٌ فَهُوَ لَهُ إلَى مُدَّتِهِ، فَخَرَجَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ رِضْوَانُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ عَلَى نَاقَةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْعَضْبَاءَ، حَتَّى أَدْرَكَ أَبَا بَكْرٍ بِالطَّرِيقِ، فَلَمَّا رَآهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ بِالطَّرِيقِ قَالَ: أَأَمِيرٌ أَمْ مَأْمُورٌ ؟ فَقَالَ: بَلْ مَأْمُورٌ، ثُمَّ مَضَيَا. فَأَقَامَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ لِلنَّاسِ الْحَجَّ، وَالْعَرَبُ إذْ ذَاكَ فِي تِلْكَ السَّنَةِ عَلَى مَنَازِلِهِمْ مِنْ الْحَجِّ، الَّتِي كَانُوا عَلَيْهَا فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، حَتَّى إذَا كَانَ يَوْمُ النَّحْرِ، قَامَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ؓ، فَأَذَّنَ فِي النَّاسِ بِاَلَّذِي أَمَرَهُ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، إنَّهُ لَا يَدْخُلُ الْجَنَّةَ كَافِرٌ، وَلَا يَحُجُّ بَعْدَ الْعَامِ مُشْرِكٌ، وَلَا يَطُوفُ بِالْبَيْتِ عُرْيَانًا، وَمَنْ كَانَ لَهُ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَهْدٌ فَهُوَ لَهُ إلَى مُدَّتِهِ، وَأَجَّلَ النَّاسَ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ مِنْ يَوْمِ أَذَّنَ فِيهِمْ، لِيَرْجِعَ كُلُّ قَوْمٍ إلَى مَأْمَنِهِمْ أَوْ بِلَادِهِمْ، ثُمَّ لَا عَهْدٌ لِمُشْرِكِ وَلَا ذِمَّةٌ إلَّا أَحَدٌ كَانَ لَهُ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَهْدٌ إلَى مُدَّةٍ، فَهُوَ لَهُ إلَى مُدَّتِهِ. فَلَمْ يَحُجَّ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ الْعَامِ مُشْرِكٌ، وَلَمْ يَطُفْ بِالْبَيْتِ عُرْيَانٌ. ثُمَّ قَدِمَا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: فَكَانَ هَذَا مِنْ بَرَاءَةٍ فِيمَنْ كَانَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الشِّرْكِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعَهْدِ الْعَامِّ، وَأَهْلِ الْمُدَّةِ إلَى الْأَجَلِ الْمُسَمَّى
✧ [The Messenger's singling out of ʿAlī to convey Barāʾah on his behalf] Ibn Isḥāq said: Ḥakīm b. Ḥakīm b. ʿAbbād b. Ḥunayf narrated to me, from Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad b. ʿAlī, may God be pleased with him, that he said: When Barāʾah was sent down upon the Messenger of God ﷺ, and he had already sent Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq to conduct the pilgrimage for the people, it was said to him, “O Messenger of God, if only you would send it to Abū Bakr.” He said, “No one conveys it from me except a man from my own household.” Then he summoned ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib, may God be pleased with him, and said to him, “Go out with this passage from the opening of Barāʾah, and proclaim among the people on the Day of Sacrifice when they are assembled at Minā: that no disbeliever will enter Paradise, that no polytheist will perform pilgrimage after this year, that no one will circumambulate the House naked, and that whoever has a covenant with the Messenger of God ﷺ, it is his until its term.” So ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib, may God be pleased with him, went out on the she-camel of the Messenger of God ﷺ, al-ʿAḍbāʾ, until he overtook Abū Bakr on the road. When Abū Bakr saw him on the road, he said, “Am I commander or commanded?” He said, “Rather commanded.” Then they went on. Abū Bakr conducted the pilgrimage for the people, while the Arabs in that year were on their stations of pilgrimage, those they had held in the Jāhiliyyah. Then, when it was the Day of Sacrifice, ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib ؓ stood and proclaimed among the people what the Messenger of God ﷺ had commanded him: “O people, no disbeliever will enter Paradise, no polytheist will perform pilgrimage after this year, no one will circumambulate the House naked, and whoever has a covenant with the Messenger of God ﷺ, it is his until its term.” And he granted the people four months from the day he proclaimed among them, so that every people might return to their place of safety or their lands. Then there shall be no covenant for a polytheist nor any protection, except for one who had a covenant with the Messenger of God ﷺ for a term, and that is his until its term. After that year no polytheist performed pilgrimage, and no one circumambulated the House naked. Then they both returned to the Messenger of God ﷺ. Ibn Isḥāq said: This was part of Barāʾah concerning those of the polytheists who had a general covenant, and those with a fixed term until the appointed time.
Sirat Ibn Hisham 1509No grade recorded
[ مَا نَزَلَ فِي الْأَمْرِ بِجِهَادِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: ثُمَّ أَمَرَ اللَّهُ رَسُولَهُ ﷺ بِجِهَادِ أَهْلِ الشِّرْكِ، مِمَّنْ نَقَضَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعَهْدِ الْخَاصِّ، وَمَنْ كَانَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعَهْدِ الْعَامِّ، بَعْدَ الْأَرْبَعَةِ الْأَشْهُرِ الَّتِي ضَرَبَ لَهُمْ أَجَلًا إلَّا أَنْ يَعْدُوَ فِيهَا عَادٍ مِنْهُمْ، فَيُقْتَلُ بِعَدَائِهِ، فَقَالَ: أَلَا تُقَاتِلُونَ قَوْمًا نَكَثُوا أَيْمَانَهُمْ وَهَمُّوا بِإِخْرَاجِ الرَّسُولِ وَهُمْ بَدَءُوكُمْ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ أَتَخْشَوْنَهُمْ فَاللَّهُ أَحَقُّ أَنْ تَخْشَوْهُ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ قَاتِلُوهُمْ يُعَذِّبْهُمُ اللَّهُ بِأَيْدِيكُمْ وَيُخْزِهِمْ وَيَنْصُرْكُمْ عَلَيْهِمْ وَيَشْفِ صُدُورَ قَوْمٍ مُؤْمِنِينَ وَيُذْهِبْ غَيْظَ قُلُوبِهِمْ وَيَتُوبُ اللَّهُ أَيْ مِنْ بَعْدِ ذَلِكَ عَلَى مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ أَمْ حَسِبْتُمْ أَنْ تُتْرَكُوا وَلَمَّا يَعْلَمِ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ جَاهَدُوا مِنْكُمْ وَلَمْ يَتَّخِذُوا مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ وَلَا رَسُولِهِ وَلَا الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَلِيجَةً وَاللَّهُ خَبِيرٌ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ [ تَفْسِيرُ ابْنِ هِشَامٍ لِبَعْضِ الْغَرِيبِ ] قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: وَلِيجَةً: دَخِيلٌ، وَجَمْعُهَا: وَلَائِجُ، وَهُوَ مِنْ وَلَجَ يَلِجُ: أَيْ دَخَلَ يَدْخُلُ، وَفِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: حَتَّى يَلِجَ الْجَمَلُ فِي سَمِّ الْخِيَاطِ أَيْ يَدْخُلُ، يَقُولُ: لَمْ يَتَّخِذُوا دَخِيلًا مِنْ دُونِهِ يُسِرُّونَ إلَيْهِ غَيْرَ مَا يُظْهِرُونَ، نَحْوَ مَا يَصْنَعُ الْمُنَافِقُونَ، يُظْهِرُونَ الْإِيمَانَ لِلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَإِذَا خَلَوْا إِلَى شَيَاطِينِهِمْ قَالُوا إِنَّا مَعَكُمْ قَالَ الشَّاعِرُ: وَاعْلَمْ بِأَنَّكَ قَدْ جُعِلْتَ وَلِيجَةً سَاقُوا إلَيْكَ الْحَتْفَ غَيْرَ مَشُوبِ
✧ What was revealed concerning the command to wage war against the polytheists Ibn Isḥāq said: Then God commanded His Messenger ﷺ to wage war against the people of polytheism, those of the people of the special covenant who broke it, and those who were of the general covenant, after the four months which He set as a term for them, unless one of them transgressed in them, in which case he would be killed for his transgression. He said: “Will you not fight a people who broke their oaths and determined to expel the Messenger, and they began [the fight] against you the first time? Do you fear them? But God has more right that you should fear Him, if you are believers. Fight them; God will punish them by your hands and will disgrace them and give you victory over them and will heal the breasts of a believing people and remove the fury from their hearts. And God turns in mercy—that is, after that—to whom He wills. And God is Knowing, Wise. Or did you think that you would be left alone while God has not yet made evident those among you who strive and do not take, besides God and His Messenger and the believers, any intimates? And God is Aware of what you do.” Ibn Hishām's explanation of some rare words: Ibn Hishām said: walījah means dakhīl, an intimate; its plural is walāʾij. It is from the verb walaja yaliju, meaning “to enter, to go in.” In the Book of God, Mighty and Majestic: “until the camel passes through the eye of the needle,” meaning “enters.” He is saying: they do not take, besides Him, an intimate to whom they secretly confide something other than what they show, as the hypocrites do. They display faith to the believers, but when they are alone with their devils, they say, “We are with you.” The poet said: Know that you have been made an intimate to whom they have brought death, unmixed.
Sirat Ibn Hisham 1510No grade recorded
[ مَا نَزَلَ فِي الرَّدِّ عَلَى قُرَيْشٍ بِادِّعَائِهِمْ عُمَارَةَ الْبَيْتِ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ قَوْلَ قُرَيْشٍ: إنَّا أَهْلُ الْحَرَمِ، وَسُقَاةُ الْحَاجِّ، وَعُمَّارِ هَذَا الْبَيْتِ، فَلَا أَحَدَ أَفْضَلُ مِنَّا؛ فَقَالَ: إِنَّمَا يَعْمُرُ مَسَاجِدَ اللَّهِ مَنْ آمَنَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ أَيْ إنَّ عِمَارَتَكُمْ لَيْسَتْ عَلَى ذَلِكَ، وَإِنَّمَا يَعْمُرُ مَسَاجِدَ اللَّهِ أَيْ مَنْ عَمَّرَهَا بِحَقِّهَا مَنْ آمَنَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَأَقَامَ الصَّلَاةَ وَآتَى الزَّكَاةَ وَلَمْ يَخْشَ إِلَّا اللَّهَ أَيْ فَأُولَئِكَ عُمَّارُهَا فَعَسَى أُولَئِكَ أَنْ يَكُونُوا مِنَ الْمُهْتَدِينَ وَعَسَى مِنْ اللَّهِ: حَقٌّ. ثُمَّ قَالَ تَعَالَى: أَجَعَلْتُمْ سِقَايَةَ الْحَاجِّ وَعِمَارَةَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ كَمَنْ آمَنَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَجَاهَدَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ لَا يَسْتَوُونَ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ
✧ [What was revealed in reply to Quraysh for their claim of tending the House] Ibn Isḥāq said: Then He mentioned the saying of Quraysh: 'We are the people of the sanctuary, the waterers of the pilgrims, and the tenders of this House, so no one is more virtuous than us.' So He said: 'The mosques of God are only tended by one who believes in God and the Last Day' — meaning that your tending is not upon that. 'The mosques of God are only tended' — that is, one who tends them with their due right — 'by one who believes in God and the Last Day, performs the prayer, gives the alms, and fears none but God' — that is, those are its tenders. 'Perhaps those will be among the guided' — and 'perhaps' from God is a certainty. Then He, exalted be He, said: 'Have you made the giving of water to the pilgrims and the tending of the Sacred Mosque like one who believes in God and the Last Day and strives in the path of God? They are not equal before God.'
Sirat Ibn Hisham 1511No grade recorded
[ مَا نَزَلَ فِي الْأَمْرِ بِقِتَالِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ ] ثُمَّ الْقِصَّةُ عَنْ عَدُوِّهِمْ، حَتَّى انْتَهَى إلَى ذِكْرِ حُنَيْنٍ، وَمَا كَانَ فِيهِ، وَتُوَلِّيهِمْ عَنْ عَدُوِّهِمْ، وَمَا أَنَزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى مِنْ نَصْرِهِ بَعْدَ تَخَاذُلِهِمْ، ثُمَّ قَالَ تَعَالَى: إِنَّمَا الْمُشْرِكُونَ نَجَسٌ فَلَا يَقْرَبُوا الْمَسْجِدَ الْحَرَامَ بَعْدَ عَامِهِمْ هَذَا وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ عَيْلَةً وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ النَّاسَ قَالُوا: لَتَنْقَطِعَنَّ عَنَّا الْأَسْوَاقُ، فَلَتَهْلِكَنَّ التِّجَارَةُ، وَلَيَذْهَبَنَّ مَا كُنَّا نُصِيبُ فِيهَا مِنْ الْمَرَافِقِ، فَقَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ عَيْلَةً فَسَوْفَ يُغْنِيكُمُ اللَّهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ أَيْ مِنْ وَجْهٍ غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ إِنْ شَاءَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ قَاتِلُوا الَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَلَا بِالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَلَا يُحَرِّمُونَ مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ وَلَا يَدِينُونَ دِينَ الْحَقِّ مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ حَتَّى يُعْطُوا الْجِزْيَةَ عَنْ يَدٍ وَهُمْ صَاغِرُونَ أَيْ فَفِي هَذَا عِوَضٌ مِمَّا تَخَوَّفْتُمْ مِنْ قَطْعِ الْأَسْوَاقِ، فَعَوَّضَهُمْ اللَّهُ بِمَا قَطَعَ عَنْهُمْ بِأَمْرِ الشِّرْكِ، مَا أَعْطَاهُمْ مِنْ أَعْنَاقِ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ، مِنْ الْجِزْيَةِ
✧ Then the story about their enemy, until it reached the mention of Ḥunayn and what happened therein, and their turning away from their enemy, and what God Most High sent down of His help after their mutual desertion. Then He, Most High, said: "The polytheists are indeed impure, so let them not approach the Sacred Mosque after this year of theirs. And if you fear poverty"—that is because the people said: "The markets will surely be cut off from us, and trade will surely perish, and the benefits we used to obtain therein will surely go away." So God, Mighty and Majestic, said: "And if you fear poverty, God will soon enrich you from His bounty"—that is, from a source other than that, if He wills. "Indeed, God is Knowing, Wise. Fight those who do not believe in God or in the Last Day, and do not forbid what God and His Messenger have forbidden, and do not follow the religion of truth, from among those who were given the Scripture, until they pay the jizyah out of hand, while they are humbled." That is, in this is a compensation for what you feared of the cutting off of the markets. So God compensated them, for what He cut off from them by the command concerning polytheism, with what He gave them from the necks of the People of the Scripture, from the jizyah.
Sirat Ibn Hisham 1512No grade recorded
[ مَا نَزَلَ فِي أَهْلِ الْكِتَابَيْنِ ] ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ أَهْلُ الْكِتَابَيْنِ بِمَا فِيهِمْ مِنْ الشَّرِّ وَالْفِرْيَةِ عَلَيْهِ، حَتَّى انْتَهَى إلَى قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: إِنَّ كَثِيرًا مِنَ الْأَحْبَارِ وَالرُّهْبَانِ لَيَأْكُلُونَ أَمْوَالَ النَّاسِ بِالْبَاطِلِ وَيَصُدُّونَ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَالَّذِينَ يَكْنِزُونَ الذَّهَبَ وَالْفِضَّةَ وَلَا يُنْفِقُونَهَا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَبَشِّرْهُمْ بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ
✧ [What was revealed concerning the people of the two scriptures] Then He mentioned the people of the two scriptures with the evil and falsehood that was in them, until He reached His saying, exalted is He: 'Indeed, many of the rabbis and monks consume people's wealth unjustly and turn them away from the path of God. And those who hoard gold and silver and do not spend it in the way of God—give them tidings of a painful punishment' (Q 9:34).
Sirat Ibn Hisham 1513No grade recorded
[ مَا نَزَلَ فِي النَّسِيءِ ] ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ النَّسِيءَ، وَمَا كَانَتْ الْعَرَبُ أَحْدَثَتْ فِيهِ. وَالنَّسِيءُ مَا كَانَ يُحِلُّ مِمَّا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى مِنْ الشُّهُورِ، وَيُحَرِّمُ مِمَّا أَحَلَّ اللَّهُ مِنْهَا، فَقَالَ: إِنَّ عِدَّةَ الشُّهُورِ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ اثْنَا عَشَرَ شَهْرًا فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ يَوْمَ خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ مِنْهَا أَرْبَعَةٌ حُرُمٌ ذَلِكَ الدِّينُ الْقَيِّمُ فَلَا تَظْلِمُوا فِيهِنَّ أَنْفُسَكُمْ أَيْ لَا تَجْعَلُوا حَرَامَهَا حَلَالًا، وَلَا حَلَالهَا حَرَامًا: أَيْ كَمَا فَعَلَ أَهْلُ الشِّرْكِ إِنَّمَا النَّسِيءُ الَّذِي كَانُوا يَصْنَعُونَ زِيَادَةٌ فِي الْكُفْرِ يُضَلُّ بِهِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا يُحِلُّونَهُ عَامًا وَيُحَرِّمُونَهُ عَامًا لِيُوَاطِئُوا عِدَّةَ مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ فَيُحِلُّوا مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ زُيِّنَ لَهُمْ سُوءُ أَعْمَالِهِمْ وَاللَّهُ لَا يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الْكَافِرِينَ
✧ [What was revealed regarding the postponement (al-nasīʾ)] Then he mentioned the postponement, and what the Arabs had introduced into it. The postponement is that by which they made permissible what God, exalted be He, had forbidden among the months, and made forbidden what God had made permissible among them. Thus He said: 'Indeed, the number of months with God is twelve months in the Book of God on the day He created the heavens and the earth; of them four are sacred. That is the upright religion, so do not wrong yourselves therein' — that is, do not make its sacred months permissible, nor its permissible months sacred: that is, as the people of polytheism did. 'Indeed the postponement that they used to practice is an increase in disbelief, by which those who disbelieve are led astray. They make it permissible one year and forbidden another year, to correspond to the number of what God has made sacred, and thus make permissible what God has forbidden. The evil of their deeds has been made fair-seeming to them, and God does not guide the disbelieving people.'
Sirat Ibn Hisham 1514No grade recorded
[ مَا نَزَلَ فِي تَبُوكَ ] ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ تَبُوكَ وَمَا كَانَ فِيهَا مِنْ تَثَاقُلِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ عَنْهَا، وَمَا أَعْظَمُوا مِنْ غَزْوِ الرُّومِ، حِينَ دَعَاهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إلَى جِهَادِهِمْ، وَنِفَاقَ مَنْ نَافَقَ مِنْ الْمُنَافِقِينَ، حِينَ دُعُوا إلَى مَا دُعُوا إلَيْهِ مِنْ الْجِهَادِ، ثُمَّ مَا نَعَى عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ إحْدَاثِهِمْ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ، فَقَالَ تَعَالَى: يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مَا لَكُمْ إِذَا قِيلَ لَكُمُ انْفِرُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ اثَّاقَلْتُمْ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ ثُمَّ الْقِصَّةُ إلَى قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: يُعَذِّبْكُمْ عَذَابًا أَلِيمًا وَيَسْتَبْدِلْ قَوْمًا غَيْرَكُمْ إلَى قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: إِلَّا تَنْصُرُوهُ فَقَدْ نَصَرَهُ اللَّهُ إِذْ أَخْرَجَهُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا ثَانِيَ اثْنَيْنِ إِذْ هُمَا فِي الْغَارِ
✧ [What was revealed concerning Tabūk] Then he mentioned Tabūk and what occurred there of the Muslims' reluctance regarding it, and their considering the expedition against the Byzantines as a grave matter, when the Messenger of God ﷺ called them to fight against them, and the hypocrisy of those among the hypocrites who acted hypocritically, when they were called to that to which they were called of the struggle, then what He censured them for of their innovations in Islam. For God, exalted be He, said: "O you who believe, what is the matter with you that, when it is said to you, 'Go forth in the way of God,' you sink down heavily to the ground?" Then the narrative continues to His saying, exalted be He: "He will punish you with a painful punishment and will replace you with another people," to His saying, exalted be He: "If you do not help him, yet God helped him when those who disbelieved drove him out, the second of two, when they were both in the cave."
Sirat Ibn Hisham 1515No grade recorded
[ مَا نَزَلَ فِي أَهْلِ النِّفَاقِ ] ثُمَّ قَالَ تَعَالَى لِنَبِيِّهِ ﷺ، يَذْكُرُ أَهْلَ النِّفَاقِ: لَوْ كَانَ عَرَضًا قَرِيبًا وَسَفَرًا قَاصِدًا لَاتَّبَعُوكَ وَلَكِنْ بَعُدَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ الشُّقَّةُ وَسَيَحْلِفُونَ بِاللَّهِ لَوِ اسْتَطَعْنَا لَخَرَجْنَا مَعَكُمْ يُهْلِكُونَ أَنْفُسَهُمْ وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ إِنَّهُمْ لَكَاذِبُونَ أَيْ إنَّهُمْ يَسْتَطِيعُونَ عَفَا اللَّهُ عَنْكَ لِمَ أَذِنْتَ لَهُمْ حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكَ الَّذِينَ صَدَقُوا وَتَعْلَمَ الْكَاذِبِينَ ؟ إلَى قَوْلِهِ: لَوْ خَرَجُوا فِيكُمْ مَا زَادُوكُمْ إِلَّا خَبَالًا وَلَأَوْضَعُوا خِلَالَكُمْ يَبْغُونَكُمُ الْفِتْنَةَ وَفِيكُمْ سَمَّاعُونَ لَهُمْ [ تَفْسِيرُ ابْنِ هِشَامٍ لِبَعْضِ الْغَرِيبِ ] قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: أَوْضَعُوا خِلَالَكُمْ: سَارُوا بَيْنَ أَضْعَافِكُمْ، فَالْإِيضَاعُ: ضَرْبٌ مِنْ السَّيْرِ أَسْرَعَ مِنْ الْمَشْيِ؛ قَالَ الْأَجْدَعُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ الْهَمْدَانِيُّ: يَصْطَادُكَ الْوَحَدَ الْمُدِلَّ بِشَأْوِهِ بِشَرِيجٍ بَيْنَ الشَّدِّ وَالْإِيضَاعِ وَهَذَا الْبَيْتُ فِي قَصِيدَةٍ لَهُ. [ عَوْدٌ إلَى مَا نَزَلَ فِي أَهْلِ النِّفَاقِ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَكَانَ الَّذِينَ اسْتَأْذَنُوهُ مِنْ ذَوِي الشَّرَفِ، فِيمَا بَلَغَنِي، مِنْهُمْ: عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أُبَيٍّ ابْنُ سَلُولَ، وَالْجَدُّ بْنُ قِيسٍ؛ وَكَانُوا أَشْرَافًا فِي قَوْمِهِمْ، فَثَبَّطَهُمْ اللَّهُ لِعِلْمِهِ بِهِمْ أَنْ يَخْرُجُوا مَعَهُ، فَيُفْسِدُوا عَلَيْهِ جُنْدَهُ، وَكَانَ فِي جُنْدِهِ قَوْمٌ أَهْلُ مَحَبَّةٍ لَهُمْ، وَطَاعَةٍ فِيمَا يَدْعُونَهُمْ إلَيْهِ، لِشَرَفِهِمْ فِيهِمْ. فَقَالَ تَعَالَى: وَفِيكُمْ سَمَّاعُونَ لَهُمْ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ بِالظَّالِمِينَ لَقَدِ ابْتَغَوُا الْفِتْنَةَ مِنْ قَبْلُ أَيْ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَسْتَأْذِنُوكَ، وَقَلَّبُوا لَكَ الْأُمُورَ أَيْ لِيَخْذُلُوا عَنْكَ أَصْحَابَكَ وَيَرُدُّوا عَلَيْكَ أَمْرَكَ حَتَّى جَاءَ الْحَقُّ وَظَهَرَ أَمْرُ اللَّهِ وَهُمْ كَارِهُونَ وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَقُولُ ائْذَنْ لِي وَلَا تَفْتِنِّي أَلَا فِي الْفِتْنَةِ سَقَطُوا وَكَانَ الَّذِي قَالَ ذَلِكَ، فِيمَا سُمِّيَ لَنَا، الْجَدُّ بْنُ قِيسٍ، أَخُو بَنِي سَلِمَةَ، حِينَ دَعَاهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إلَى جِهَادِ الرُّومِ. ثُمَّ كَانَتْ الْقِصَّةُ إلَى قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: لَوْ يَجِدُونَ مَلْجَأً أَوْ مَغَارَاتٍ أَوْ مُدَّخَلًا لَوَلَّوْا إِلَيْهِ وَهُمْ يَجْمَحُونَ وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَلْمِزُكَ فِي الصَّدَقَاتِ فَإِنْ أُعْطُوا مِنْهَا رَضُوا وَإِنْ لَمْ يُعْطَوْا مِنْهَا إِذَا هُمْ يَسْخَطُونَ أَيْ إنَّمَا نِيَّتُهُمْ وَرِضَاهُمْ وَسَخَطَهُمْ لِدُنْيَاهُمْ
✧ [What was revealed concerning the hypocrites] Then He, exalted is He, said to His Prophet ﷺ, mentioning the people of hypocrisy: "Had it been a gain near at hand and a moderate journey, they would have followed you, but the distance was too great for them. And they will swear by God, 'If we had been able, we would have gone out with you,' destroying their own souls, and God knows that they are indeed liars" (Q 9:42) — that is, they were able. "God pardon you! Why did you give them leave until it became clear to you who spoke the truth and you knew the liars?" (Q 9:43) up to His saying: "Had they gone out among you, they would have added nothing to you but trouble, and would have hurried to and fro among you seeking to cause sedition among you, and among you are some who would have listened to them" (Q 9:47). [Ibn Hishām's explanation of some uncommon words] Ibn Hishām said: "awḍaʿū khilālakum" means they traveled in your midst. Al-īḍāʿ is a kind of pace swifter than walking; al-Ajdaʿ b. Mālik al-Hamdānī said: "He hunts you, the bold one, proud of his prowess, with a swift pace between running hard and īḍāʿ." This verse is in a poem of his. [Returning to what was revealed concerning the hypocrites] Ibn Isḥāq said: Those who sought his permission, among the men of nobility, so far as it has reached me, included ʿAbd Allāh b. Ubayy b. Salūl and al-Jadd b. Qays; they were nobles among their people, and God held them back, out of His knowledge of them, from going out with him lest they corrupt his army. In his army were people who loved them and obeyed them in what they called them to, because of their nobility among them. So He, exalted is He, said: "And among you are some who would have listened to them, and God knows the wrongdoers" (Q 9:47). "They had sought sedition before" (Q 9:48) — that is, before they sought your permission — "and turned things upside down for you" (Q 9:48) — that is, to make your companions fail you and turn your affair back upon you — "until the truth came and God's command became manifest, though they were averse" (Q 9:48). "And among them is he who says, 'Give me leave and do not tempt me.' Surely they have already fallen into temptation" (Q 9:49). The one who said that, as it has been named for us, was al-Jadd b. Qays, the brother of the Banū Salimah, when the Messenger of God ﷺ called him to fight against the Romans. Then the account continued to His saying, exalted is He: "If they could find a refuge or caves or a place to enter, they would turn to it while they rush headlong" (Q 9:57). "And among them are those who criticize you concerning the alms. If they are given thereof, they are pleased, but if they are not given thereof, then they are enraged" (Q 9:58) — that is, their intention, their pleasure, and their anger are only for their worldly gain.
Sirat Ibn Hisham 1516No grade recorded
[ مَا نَزَلَ فِي ذِكْرِ أَصْحَابِ الصَّدَقَاتِ ] ثُمَّ بَيَّنَ الصَّدَقَاتِ لِمَنْ هِيَ، وَسَمَّى أَهْلَهَا، فَقَالَ: إِنَّمَا الصَّدَقَاتُ لِلْفُقَرَاءِ وَالْمَسَاكِينِ وَالْعَامِلِينَ عَلَيْهَا وَالْمُؤَلَّفَةِ قُلُوبُهُمْ وَفِي الرِّقَابِ وَالْغَارِمِينَ وَفِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَاِبْنِ السَّبِيلِ فَرِيضَةً مِنَ اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ [ مَا نَزَلَ فِيمَنْ آذَوْا الرَّسُولَ ] ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ غَشَّهُمْ وَأَذَاهُمْ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: وَمِنْهُمُ الَّذِينَ يُؤْذُونَ النَّبِيَّ وَيَقُولُونَ هُوَ أُذُنٌ قُلْ أُذُنُ خَيْرٍ لَكُمْ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَيُؤْمِنُ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَرَحْمَةٌ لِلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مِنْكُمْ وَالَّذِينَ يُؤْذُونَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ وَكَانَ الَّذِي يَقُولُ تِلْكَ الْمَقَالَةَ، فِيمَا بَلَغَنِي، نَبْتَلُ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ أَخُو بَنِي عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ، وَفِيهِ نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ: إنَّمَا مُحَمَّدٌ أُذُنٌ، مَنْ حَدَّثَهُ شَيْئًا صَدَّقَهُ. يَقُولُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: قُلْ أُذُنُ خَيْرٍ لَكُمْ أَيْ يَسْمَعُ الْخَيْرَ وَيُصَدِّقُ بِهِ. ثُمَّ قَالَ تَعَالَى: يَحْلِفُونَ بِاللَّهِ لَكُمْ لِيُرْضُوكُمْ وَاللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَحَقُّ أَنْ يُرْضُوهُ إِنْ كَانُوا مُؤْمِنِينَ ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَلَئِنْ سَأَلْتَهُمْ لَيَقُولُنَّ إِنَّمَا كُنَّا نَخُوضُ وَنَلْعَبُ قُلْ أَبِاللَّهِ وَآيَاتِهِ وَرَسُولِهِ كُنْتُمْ تَسْتَهْزِئُونَ إلَى قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: إِنْ نَعْفُ عَنْ طَائِفَةٍ مِنْكُمْ نُعَذِّبْ طَائِفَةً وَكَانَ الَّذِي قَالَ هَذِهِ الْمَقَالَةَ وَدِيعَةَ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ، أَخُو بَنِي أُمَيَّةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، مِنْ بَنِي عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ، وَكَانَ الَّذِي عُفِيَ عَنْهُ، فِيمَا بَلَغَنِي: مُخَشِّنَ بْنَ حُمَيِّرٍ الْأَشْجَعِيُّ، حَلِيفَ بَنِي سَلِمَةَ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ أَنْكَرَ مِنْهُمْ بَعْضَ مَا سَمِعَ. ثُمَّ الْقِصَّةُ مِنْ صِفَتِهِمْ حَتَّى انْتَهَى إلَى قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ جَاهِدِ الْكُفَّارَ وَالْمُنَافِقِينَ وَاغْلُظْ عَلَيْهِمْ وَمَأْوَاهُمْ جَهَنَّمُ وَبِئْسَ الْمَصِيرُ يَحْلِفُونَ بِاللَّهِ مَا قَالُوا وَلَقَدْ قَالُوا كَلِمَةَ الْكُفْرِ وَكَفَرُوا بَعْدَ إِسْلَامِهِمْ وَهَمُّوا بِمَا لَمْ يَنَالُوا وَمَا نَقَمُوا إِلَّا أَنْ أَغْنَاهُمُ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ إلَى قَوْلِهِ: مِنْ وَلِيٍّ وَلَا نَصِيرٍ وَكَانَ الَّذِي قَالَ تِلْكَ الْمَقَالَةَ الْجُلَاسَ بْنَ سُوَيْدِ بْنِ صَامِتٍ، فَرَفَعَهَا عَلَيْهِ رَجُلٌ كَانَ فِي حِجْرِهِ، يُقَالُ لَهُ عُمَيْرُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، فَأَنْكَرَهَا وَحَلَفَ بِاَللَّهِ مَا قَالَهَا، فَلَمَّا نَزَلَ فِيهِمْ الْقُرْآنُ تَابَ وَنَزَعَ، وَحَسُنَتْ حَالُهُ وَتَوْبَتُهُ، فِيمَا بَلَغَنِي. ثُمَّ قَالَ تَعَالَى: وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ عَاهَدَ اللَّهَ لَئِنْ آتَانَا مِنْ فَضْلِهِ لَنَصَّدَّقَنَّ وَلَنَكُونَنَّ مِنَ الصَّالِحِينَ وَكَانَ الَّذِي عَاهَدَ اللَّهَ مِنْهُمْ ثَعْلَبَةَ بْنَ حَاطِبٍ، وَمُعَتِّبَ بْنَ قُشَيْرٍ، وَهُمَا مِنْ بَنِي عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ. ثُمَّ قَالَ: الَّذِينَ يَلْمِزُونَ الْمُطَّوِّعِينَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فِي الصَّدَقَاتِ وَالَّذِينَ لَا يَجِدُونَ إِلَّا جُهْدَهُمْ فَيَسْخَرُونَ مِنْهُمْ سَخِرَ اللَّهُ مِنْهُمْ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ وَكَانَ الْمُطَّوِّعُونَ مِنْ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فِي الصَّدَقَاتِ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ عَوْفٍ، وَعَاصِمَ بْنَ عَدِيٍّ أَخَا بَنِي الْعَجْلَانِ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ رَغَّبَ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ، وَحَضَّ عَلَيْهَا، فَقَامَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ، فَتَصَدَّقَ بِأَرْبَعَةِ آلَافِ دِرْهَمٍ، وَقَامَ عَاصِمُ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ، فَتَصَدَّقَ بِمِئَةِ وَسْقٍ مِنْ تَمْرٍ، فَلَمَزُوهُمَا وَقَالُوا مَا هَذَا إلَّا رِيَاءٌ، وَكَانَ الَّذِي تَصَدَّقَ بِجَهْدِهِ أَبُو عُقَيْلٍ أَخُو بَنِي أُنَيْفٍ، أَتَى بِصَاعِ مِنْ تَمْرٍ، فَأَفْرَغَهَا فِي الصَّدَقَةِ، فَتَضَاحَكُوا بِهِ، وَقَالُوا: إنَّ اللَّهَ لَغَنِيٌّ عَنْ صَاعِ أَبِي عُقَيْلٍ. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ قَوْلَ بَعْضِهِمْ لِبَعْضِ، حِينَ أَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالْجِهَادِ، وَأَمَرَ بِالسَّيْرِ إلَى تَبُوكَ، عَلَى شِدَّةِ الْحَرِّ وَجَدْبِ الْبِلَادِ، فَقَالَ تَعَالَى: وَقَالُوا لَا تَنْفِرُوا فِي الْحَرِّ قُلْ نَارُ جَهَنَّمَ أَشَدُّ حَرًّا لَوْ كَانُوا يَفْقَهُونَ فَلْيَضْحَكُوا قَلِيلًا وَلْيَبْكُوا كَثِيرًا إلَى قَوْلِهِ: وَلَا تُعْجِبْكَ أَمْوَالُهُمْ وَأَوْلَادُهُمْ
✧ [What was revealed regarding the recipients of the alms] Then He explained the alms, for whom they are, and named their recipients, saying: “Alms are only for the poor, the needy, those who work upon them, those whose hearts are to be reconciled, for the freeing of necks, for debtors, in the way of God, and for the wayfarer—an obligation from God. God is All-Knowing, All-Wise.” [What was revealed concerning those who harmed the Messenger] Then He mentioned their deceit and their harming the Prophet ﷺ, saying: “Among them are those who harm the Prophet and say, ‘He is an ear.’ Say: ‘An ear of good for you; he believes in God and believes the believers, and a mercy to those of you who believe. Those who harm the Messenger of God have a painful punishment.’” The one who used to say that statement, as I have been told, was Nabtal b. al-Ḥārith, brother of the Banū ʿAmr b. ʿAwf, and about him this verse was revealed. That is because he used to say: “Muḥammad is only an ear; whoever tells him something, he believes it.” God Most High says: “Say: An ear of good for you,” meaning he listens to good and believes it. Then He Most High said: “They swear by God to you to please you, but God and His Messenger have more right to be pleased, if they are believers.” Then He said: “And if you ask them, they will surely say: ‘We were only engaging in banter and play.’ Say: ‘Is it God, His signs, and His Messenger that you were mocking?’” up to His Most High saying: “If We pardon one group of you, We will punish another group.” The one who said this statement was Wadīʿah b. Thābit, brother of the Banū Umayyah b. Zayd, of the Banū ʿAmr b. ʿAwf. The one who was pardoned, as I have been told, was Mukhashshin b. Ḥumayyir al-Ashjaʿī, an ally of the Banū Salimah, because he disapproved of part of what he heard. Then the account of their description continued until it reached His Most High saying: “O Prophet, strive against the disbelievers and the hypocrites and be harsh on them. Their abode is Hell, and evil is the destination. They swear by God they did not say it, but they said the word of disbelief and disbelieved after their submission, and they intended what they did not attain. They resented nothing except that God and His Messenger enriched them from His bounty,” up to His saying: “no protector and no helper.” The one who said that statement was al-Julās b. Suwayd b. Ṣāmit. A man who was in his care, called ʿUmayr b. Saʿd, reported it against him, but he denied it and swore by God he had not said it. When the Qurʾān was revealed about them, he repented and relented, and his state and repentance became good, as I have been told. Then He Most High said: “Among them are those who made a covenant with God: if He gives us from His bounty, we will surely give alms and be among the righteous.” Those who made the covenant with God among them were Thaʿlabah b. Ḥāṭib and Muʿattib b. Qushayr, both of the Banū ʿAmr b. ʿAwf. Then He said: “Those who criticize the volunteers among the believers regarding alms, and those who find nothing but their effort, and they mock them—God mocks them, and they have a painful punishment.” The volunteers among the believers regarding alms were ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAwf and ʿĀṣim b. ʿAdī, brother of the Banū al-ʿAjlān. That is because the Messenger of God ﷺ encouraged alms and urged it. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAwf stood and gave four thousand dirhams as alms, and ʿĀṣim b. ʿAdī stood and gave one hundred wasqs of dates as alms. They criticized them and said: “This is only showing off.” The one who gave his effort as alms was Abū ʿUqayl, brother of the Banū Unayf. He brought a ṣāʿ of dates and poured it into the alms, and they laughed at him, saying: “God is surely rich beyond the ṣāʿ of Abū ʿUqayl.” Then He mentioned what some of them said to one another when the Messenger of God ﷺ commanded jihad and ordered the march to Tabūk, in the extreme heat and barren lands. He Most High said: “They said: ‘Do not march out in the heat.’ Say: ‘The fire of Hell is hotter, if only they understood.’ Let them laugh a little and weep much,” up to His saying: “And let not their wealth and their children impress you.”
Sirat Ibn Hisham 1517No grade recorded
[ مَا نَزَلَ بِسَبَبِ صَلَاةِ النَّبِيِّ عَلَى ابْنِ أَبَيٍّ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَحَدَّثَنِي الزُّهْرِيُّ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ، عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ يَقُولُ: لَمَّا تُوُفِّيَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبَيٍّ، دُعِيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِلصَّلَاةِ عَلَيْهِ، فَقَامَ إلَيْهِ؛ فَلَمَّا وَقَفَ عَلَيْهِ يُرِيدُ الصَّلَاةَ، تَحَوَّلْتُ حَتَّى قُمْتُ فِي صَدْرِهِ، فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَتُصَلِّي عَلَى عَدُوِّ اللَّهِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبَيٍّ ابْنِ سَلُولَ ؟ الْقَائِلِ كَذَا يَوْمَ كَذَا، وَالْقَائِلِ كَذَا يَوْمَ كَذَا ؟ أُعَدِّدُ أَيَّامَهُ، وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَتَبَسَّمُ حَتَّى إذَا أَكْثَرْتُ قَالَ: يَا عُمَرُ، أَخِّرْ عَنِّي، إنِّي قَدْ خُيِّرْتُ فَاخْتَرْتُ، قَدْ قِيلَ لِي: اسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ أَوْ لَا تَسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ، إنْ تَسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ سَبْعِينَ مَرَّةً فَلَنْ يَغْفِرَ اللَّهُ لَهُمْ، فَلَوْ أَعْلَمُ أَنِّي إنْ زِدْتُ عَلَى السَّبْعِينَ غُفِرَ لَهُ، لَزِدْتُ. قَالَ: ثُمَّ صَلَّى عَلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَمَشَى مَعَهُ حَتَّى قَامَ عَلَى قَبْرِهِ، حَتَّى فُرِغَ مِنْهُ. قَالَ: فَعَجِبْتُ لِي وَلِجُرْأَتِي عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَاَللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ. فَوَاَللَّهِ مَا كَانَ إلَّا يَسِيرًا حَتَّى نَزَلَتْ هَاتَانِ الْآيَتَانِ: وَلَا تُصَلِّ عَلَى أَحَدٍ مِنْهُمْ مَاتَ أَبَدًا وَلَا تَقُمْ عَلَى قَبْرِهِ إِنَّهُمْ كَفَرُوا بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ وَمَاتُوا وَهُمْ فَاسِقُونَ فَمَا صَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَعْدَهُ عَلَى مُنَافِقٍ حَتَّى قَبَضَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى
✧ Ibn Isḥāq said: Al-Zuhrī related to me from ʿUbayd Allāh b. ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUtbah, from Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: I heard ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb say: When ʿAbd Allāh b. Ubayy died, the Messenger of God ﷺ was summoned to pray over him, so he rose to him. When he stood before him intending to pray, I shifted until I stood in his chest and said: O Messenger of God, will you pray over God's enemy ʿAbd Allāh b. Ubayy b. Salūl, who said such-and-such on such-and-such a day and who said such-and-such on such-and-such a day? I enumerated his days while the Messenger of God ﷺ was smiling. When I went on at length, he said: O ʿUmar, get back from me. I have been given a choice and I have chosen. It was said to me: Ask forgiveness for them or do not ask forgiveness for them; if you ask forgiveness for them seventy times, God will never forgive them. If I knew that by adding to the seventy he would be forgiven, I would add. He said: Then the Messenger of God ﷺ prayed over him and walked with him until he stood at his grave, until it was finished. He said: I marveled at myself and at my boldness toward the Messenger of God ﷺ, though God and His Messenger know best. By God, it was only a short time before these two verses came down: And do not ever pray over any one of them who dies, and do not stand at his grave; indeed, they disbelieved in God and His Messenger and died while they were sinners. After that, the Messenger of God ﷺ never prayed over a hypocrite until God Most High took him.
Sirat Ibn Hisham 1518No grade recorded
[ مَا نَزَلَ فِي الْمُسْتَأْذِنِينَ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: ثُمَّ قَالَ تَعَالَى: وَإِذَا أُنْزِلَتْ سُورَةٌ أَنْ آمِنُوا بِاللَّهِ وَجَاهِدُوا مَعَ رَسُولِهِ اسْتَأْذَنَكَ أُولُو الطَّوْلِ مِنْهُمْ وَكَانَ ابْنُ أَبَيٍّ مِنْ أُولَئِكَ، فَنَعَى اللَّهُ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِ، وَذَكَرَهُ مِنْهُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ تَعَالَى: لَكِنِ الرَّسُولُ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مَعَهُ جَاهَدُوا بِأَمْوَالِهِمْ وَأَنْفُسِهِمْ وَأُولَئِكَ لَهُمُ الْخَيْرَاتُ وَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ أَعَدَّ اللَّهُ لَهُمْ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا ذَلِكَ الْفَوْزُ الْعَظِيمُ وَجَاءَ الْمُعَذِّرُونَ مِنَ الْأَعْرَابِ لِيُؤْذَنَ لَهُمْ وَقَعَدَ الَّذِينَ كَذَبُوا اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ إلَى آخِرِ الْقِصَّةِ. وَكَانَ الْمُعَذِّرُونَ، فِيمَا بَلَغَنِي نَفَرًا مِنْ بَنِي غِفَارٍ، مِنْهُمْ خُفَافُ بْنُ أَيْمَاءَ بْنِ رَحْضَةَ، ثُمَّ كَانَتْ الْقِصَّةُ لِأَهْلِ الْعُذْرِ، حَتَّى انْتَهَى إلَى قَوْلِهِ: وَلَا عَلَى الَّذِينَ إِذَا مَا أَتَوْكَ لِتَحْمِلَهُمْ قُلْتَ لَا أَجِدُ مَا أَحْمِلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ تَوَلَّوْا وَأَعْيُنُهُمْ تَفِيضُ مِنَ الدَّمْعِ حَزَنًا أَلَّا يَجِدُوا مَا يُنْفِقُونَ وَهُمْ الْبَكَّاءُونَ. ثُمَّ قَالَ تَعَالَى: إِنَّمَا السَّبِيلُ عَلَى الَّذِينَ يَسْتَأْذِنُونَكَ وَهُمْ أَغْنِيَاءُ رَضُوا بِأَنْ يَكُونُوا مَعَ الْخَوَالِفِ وَطَبَعَ اللَّهُ عَلَى قُلُوبِهِمْ فَهُمْ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ وَالْخَوَالِفُ: النِّسَاءُ. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ حَلِفَهُمْ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ وَاعْتِذَارَهُمْ، فَقَالَ: فَأَعْرِضُوا عَنْهُمْ إلَى قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: فَإِنْ تَرْضَوْا عَنْهُمْ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَرْضَى عَنِ الْقَوْمِ الْفَاسِقِينَ
✧ [What was revealed concerning those who sought permission] Ibn Isḥāq said: Then He, exalted is He, said: “And when a sūrah is sent down, saying: ‘Believe in God and strive together with His Messenger,’ the affluent among them ask leave of you” (Q 9:86). Ibn Ubayy was one of those, so God decried that against him and mentioned it of him. Then He, exalted is He, said: “But the Messenger and those who believed with him strove with their wealth and their lives. And those—for them are the good things, and those are the successful. God has prepared for them gardens beneath which rivers flow, abiding therein; that is the great triumph” (Q 9:88–89). “And the excuse-makers among the Bedouin came that leave might be granted them, and those who lied to God and His Messenger sat back”—to the end of the narrative (Q 9:90). The excuse-makers, as it has reached me, were a party from Banū Ghifār, among them Khufāf b. Aymāʾ b. Raḥḍa. Then the narrative was about the people with valid excuses, until it reached His saying: “Nor upon those who, when they came to you that you might carry them, you said, ‘I find nothing to carry you on,’ they turned away with their eyes overflowing with tears out of grief that they could not find anything to spend” (Q 9:92)—and they are the weepers. Then He, exalted is He, said: “The way is only against those who ask leave of you while they are rich, being content to be with those who stay behind, and God has set a seal upon their hearts, so they do not know” (Q 9:93). And “those who stay behind” (al-khawālif) are the women. Then He mentioned their swearing to the Muslims and their offering excuses, saying: “So turn away from them”—up to His saying, exalted is He: “If you are pleased with them, yet God will not be pleased with the wicked people” (Q 9:95–96).
Sirat Ibn Hisham 1519No grade recorded
[ مَا نَزَلَ فِيمَنْ نَافَقَ مِنْ الْأَعْرَابِ ] ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الْأَعْرَابَ وَمَنْ نَافَقَ مِنْهُمْ وَتَرَبُّصُهُمْ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَبِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ، فَقَالَ: وَمِنَ الْأَعْرَابِ مَنْ يَتَّخِذُ مَا يُنْفِقُ أَيْ مِنْ صَدَقَةٍ أَوْ نَفَقَةٍ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ مَغْرَمًا وَيَتَرَبَّصُ بِكُمُ الدَّوَائِرَ عَلَيْهِمْ دَائِرَةُ السَّوْءِ وَاللَّهُ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الْأَعْرَابَ أَهْلَ الْإِخْلَاصِ وَالْإِيمَانِ مِنْهُمْ، فَقَالَ: وَمِنَ الْأَعْرَابِ مَنْ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَيَتَّخِذُ مَا يُنْفِقُ قُرُبَاتٍ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ وَصَلَوَاتِ الرَّسُولِ أَلَا إِنَّهَا قُرْبَةٌ لَهُمْ
✧ Regarding what was revealed concerning those Bedouins who acted as hypocrites. Then He mentioned the Bedouins and those of them who acted as hypocrites, and their waiting for misfortunes to befall the Messenger of God ﷺ and the believers. He said: Among the Bedouins are those who consider what they spend—that is, in charity or expenditure in the way of God—as a loss, and they wait for misfortunes to befall you. Upon them shall be the evil turn of fortune, and God is Hearing, Knowing. Then He mentioned the Bedouins who were people of sincerity and faith among them, and He said: Among the Bedouins are those who believe in God and the Last Day, and consider what they spend as a means of nearness to God and of the prayers of the Messenger. Surely it is a means of nearness for them.
Sirat Ibn Hisham 1520No grade recorded
[ مَا نَزَلَ فِي السَّابِقِينَ مِنْ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَالْأَنْصَارِ ] ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ السَّابِقِينَ الْأَوَّلِينَ مِنْ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَالْأَنْصَارِ، وَفَضْلَهُمْ، وَمَا وَعَدَهُمْ اللَّهُ مِنْ حُسْنِ ثَوَابِهِ إيَّاهُمْ، ثُمَّ أَلْحَقَ بِهِمْ التَّابِعِينَ لَهُمْ بِإِحْسَانِ، فَقَالَ: ؓ وَرَضُوا عَنْهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ تَعَالَى: وَمِمَّنْ حَوْلَكُمْ مِنَ الْأَعْرَابِ مُنَافِقُونَ وَمِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ مَرَدُوا عَلَى النِّفَاقِ أَيْ لَجُّوا فِيهِ، وَأَبَوْا غَيْرَهُ سَنُعَذِّبُهُمْ مَرَّتَيْنِ وَالْعَذَابُ الَّذِي أَوْعَدَهُمْ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى مَرَّتَيْنِ، فِيمَا بَلَغَنِي غَمَّهُمْ بِمَا هُمْ فِيهِ مِنْ أَمْرِ الْإِسْلَامِ، وَمَا يَدْخُلُ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ غَيْظِ ذَلِكَ عَلَى غَيْرِ حِسْبَةٍ، ثُمَّ عَذَابُهُمْ فِي الْقُبُورِ إذَا صَارُوا إلَيْهَا، ثُمَّ الْعَذَابُ الْعَظِيمُ الَّذِي يُرِدُّونَ إلَيْهِ، عَذَابُ النَّارِ وَالْخُلْدُ فِيهِ. ثُمَّ قَالَ تَعَالَى: وَآخَرُونَ اعْتَرَفُوا بِذُنُوبِهِمْ خَلَطُوا عَمَلًا صَالِحًا وَآخَرَ سَيِّئًا عَسَى اللَّهُ أَنْ يَتُوبَ عَلَيْهِمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ ثُمَّ قَالَ تَعَالَى: خُذْ مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ صَدَقَةً تُطَهِّرُهُمْ وَتُزَكِّيهِمْ بِهَا إلَى آخِرِ الْقِصَّةِ. ثُمَّ قَالَ تَعَالَى: وَآخَرُونَ مُرْجَوْنَ لِأَمْرِ اللَّهِ إِمَّا يُعَذِّبُهُمْ وَإِمَّا يَتُوبُ عَلَيْهِمْ وَهُمْ الثَّلَاثَةُ الَّذِينَ خُلِّفُوا، وَأَرْجَأَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَمْرَهُمْ حَتَّى أَتَتْ مِنْ اللَّهِ تَوْبَتُهُمْ. ثُمَّ قَالَ تَعَالَى: وَالَّذِينَ اتَّخَذُوا مَسْجِدًا ضِرَارًا إلَخْ الْقِصَّةُ ثُمَّ قَالَ تَعَالَى إِنَّ اللَّهَ اشْتَرَى مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَنْفُسَهُمْ وَأَمْوَالَهُمْ بِأَنَّ لَهُمُ الْجَنَّةَ ثُمَّ كَانَ قِصَّةُ الْخَبَرِ عَنْ تَبُوكَ، وَمَا كَانَ فِيهَا إلَى آخِرِ السُّورَةِ. وَكَانَتْ بَرَاءَةٌ تُسْمَى فِي زَمَانِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَبَعْدَهُ الْمُبَعْثِرَةَ، لَمَا كَشَفَتْ مِنْ سَرَائِرِ النَّاسِ. وَكَانَتْ تَبُوكَ آخِرَ غَزْوَةٍ غَزَاهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ
✧ Then He mentioned the foremost, the first of the Emigrants and the Helpers, and their excellence, and what God promised them of the goodness of His reward to them; then He joined to them those who followed them in doing good, and He said: ؓ and they are pleased with Him. Then He, exalted is He, said: And among those around you of the desert Arabs are hypocrites, and among the people of Madinah are those who have persisted in hypocrisy — that is, they insisted upon it and refused anything else. We will punish them twice; and the punishment with which God, exalted is He, threatened them twice, according to what has reached me, is their grief over what they are in regarding the matter of Islam, and the anger of that which enters upon them beyond reckoning; then their punishment in the graves when they come to them; then the great punishment to which they will be brought back, the punishment of the Fire and abiding in it forever. Then He, exalted is He, said: And others have confessed their sins; they mixed a righteous deed with another evil one. Perhaps God will turn to them in repentance. Indeed God is forgiving, merciful. Then He, exalted is He, said: Take from their wealth a charity to purify them and cleanse them thereby, to the end of the account. Then He, exalted is He, said: And others are deferred to the command of God — either He will punish them or He will turn to them in repentance. They are the three who were left behind, and the Messenger of God ﷺ deferred their affair until repentance for them came from God. Then He, exalted is He, said: And those who took a mosque for harm, etc., the rest of the account. Then He, exalted is He, said: Indeed God has purchased from the believers their selves and their wealth, that for them is the Garden. Then there was the account of the report about Tabūk and what was in it, to the end of the sūrah. Barāʾah was called in the time of the Prophet ﷺ and after him al-Mubaʿthirah, because of what it uncovered of the secrets of people. Tabūk was the last raid which the Messenger of God ﷺ undertook.