Sirat Ibn Hisham 1518
[ مَا نَزَلَ فِي الْمُسْتَأْذِنِينَ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: ثُمَّ قَالَ تَعَالَى: وَإِذَا أُنْزِلَتْ سُورَةٌ أَنْ آمِنُوا بِاللَّهِ وَجَاهِدُوا مَعَ رَسُولِهِ اسْتَأْذَنَكَ أُولُو الطَّوْلِ مِنْهُمْ وَكَانَ ابْنُ أَبَيٍّ مِنْ أُولَئِكَ، فَنَعَى اللَّهُ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِ، وَذَكَرَهُ مِنْهُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ تَعَالَى: لَكِنِ الرَّسُولُ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مَعَهُ جَاهَدُوا بِأَمْوَالِهِمْ وَأَنْفُسِهِمْ وَأُولَئِكَ لَهُمُ الْخَيْرَاتُ وَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ أَعَدَّ اللَّهُ لَهُمْ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا ذَلِكَ الْفَوْزُ الْعَظِيمُ وَجَاءَ الْمُعَذِّرُونَ مِنَ الْأَعْرَابِ لِيُؤْذَنَ لَهُمْ وَقَعَدَ الَّذِينَ كَذَبُوا اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ إلَى آخِرِ الْقِصَّةِ. وَكَانَ الْمُعَذِّرُونَ، فِيمَا بَلَغَنِي نَفَرًا مِنْ بَنِي غِفَارٍ، مِنْهُمْ خُفَافُ بْنُ أَيْمَاءَ بْنِ رَحْضَةَ، ثُمَّ كَانَتْ الْقِصَّةُ لِأَهْلِ الْعُذْرِ، حَتَّى انْتَهَى إلَى قَوْلِهِ: وَلَا عَلَى الَّذِينَ إِذَا مَا أَتَوْكَ لِتَحْمِلَهُمْ قُلْتَ لَا أَجِدُ مَا أَحْمِلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ تَوَلَّوْا وَأَعْيُنُهُمْ تَفِيضُ مِنَ الدَّمْعِ حَزَنًا أَلَّا يَجِدُوا مَا يُنْفِقُونَ وَهُمْ الْبَكَّاءُونَ. ثُمَّ قَالَ تَعَالَى: إِنَّمَا السَّبِيلُ عَلَى الَّذِينَ يَسْتَأْذِنُونَكَ وَهُمْ أَغْنِيَاءُ رَضُوا بِأَنْ يَكُونُوا مَعَ الْخَوَالِفِ وَطَبَعَ اللَّهُ عَلَى قُلُوبِهِمْ فَهُمْ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ وَالْخَوَالِفُ: النِّسَاءُ. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ حَلِفَهُمْ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ وَاعْتِذَارَهُمْ، فَقَالَ: فَأَعْرِضُوا عَنْهُمْ إلَى قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: فَإِنْ تَرْضَوْا عَنْهُمْ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَرْضَى عَنِ الْقَوْمِ الْفَاسِقِينَ
Translation
✧ [What was revealed concerning those who sought permission] Ibn Isḥāq said: Then He, exalted is He, said: “And when a sūrah is sent down, saying: ‘Believe in God and strive together with His Messenger,’ the affluent among them ask leave of you” (Q 9:86). Ibn Ubayy was one of those, so God decried that against him and mentioned it of him. Then He, exalted is He, said: “But the Messenger and those who believed with him strove with their wealth and their lives. And those—for them are the good things, and those are the successful. God has prepared for them gardens beneath which rivers flow, abiding therein; that is the great triumph” (Q 9:88–89). “And the excuse-makers among the Bedouin came that leave might be granted them, and those who lied to God and His Messenger sat back”—to the end of the narrative (Q 9:90). The excuse-makers, as it has reached me, were a party from Banū Ghifār, among them Khufāf b. Aymāʾ b. Raḥḍa. Then the narrative was about the people with valid excuses, until it reached His saying: “Nor upon those who, when they came to you that you might carry them, you said, ‘I find nothing to carry you on,’ they turned away with their eyes overflowing with tears out of grief that they could not find anything to spend” (Q 9:92)—and they are the weepers. Then He, exalted is He, said: “The way is only against those who ask leave of you while they are rich, being content to be with those who stay behind, and God has set a seal upon their hearts, so they do not know” (Q 9:93). And “those who stay behind” (al-khawālif) are the women. Then He mentioned their swearing to the Muslims and their offering excuses, saying: “So turn away from them”—up to His saying, exalted is He: “If you are pleased with them, yet God will not be pleased with the wicked people” (Q 9:95–96).
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