Sirat Ibn Hisham 1515
[ مَا نَزَلَ فِي أَهْلِ النِّفَاقِ ] ثُمَّ قَالَ تَعَالَى لِنَبِيِّهِ ﷺ، يَذْكُرُ أَهْلَ النِّفَاقِ: لَوْ كَانَ عَرَضًا قَرِيبًا وَسَفَرًا قَاصِدًا لَاتَّبَعُوكَ وَلَكِنْ بَعُدَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ الشُّقَّةُ وَسَيَحْلِفُونَ بِاللَّهِ لَوِ اسْتَطَعْنَا لَخَرَجْنَا مَعَكُمْ يُهْلِكُونَ أَنْفُسَهُمْ وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ إِنَّهُمْ لَكَاذِبُونَ أَيْ إنَّهُمْ يَسْتَطِيعُونَ عَفَا اللَّهُ عَنْكَ لِمَ أَذِنْتَ لَهُمْ حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكَ الَّذِينَ صَدَقُوا وَتَعْلَمَ الْكَاذِبِينَ ؟ إلَى قَوْلِهِ: لَوْ خَرَجُوا فِيكُمْ مَا زَادُوكُمْ إِلَّا خَبَالًا وَلَأَوْضَعُوا خِلَالَكُمْ يَبْغُونَكُمُ الْفِتْنَةَ وَفِيكُمْ سَمَّاعُونَ لَهُمْ [ تَفْسِيرُ ابْنِ هِشَامٍ لِبَعْضِ الْغَرِيبِ ] قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: أَوْضَعُوا خِلَالَكُمْ: سَارُوا بَيْنَ أَضْعَافِكُمْ، فَالْإِيضَاعُ: ضَرْبٌ مِنْ السَّيْرِ أَسْرَعَ مِنْ الْمَشْيِ؛ قَالَ الْأَجْدَعُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ الْهَمْدَانِيُّ: يَصْطَادُكَ الْوَحَدَ الْمُدِلَّ بِشَأْوِهِ بِشَرِيجٍ بَيْنَ الشَّدِّ وَالْإِيضَاعِ وَهَذَا الْبَيْتُ فِي قَصِيدَةٍ لَهُ. [ عَوْدٌ إلَى مَا نَزَلَ فِي أَهْلِ النِّفَاقِ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَكَانَ الَّذِينَ اسْتَأْذَنُوهُ مِنْ ذَوِي الشَّرَفِ، فِيمَا بَلَغَنِي، مِنْهُمْ: عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أُبَيٍّ ابْنُ سَلُولَ، وَالْجَدُّ بْنُ قِيسٍ؛ وَكَانُوا أَشْرَافًا فِي قَوْمِهِمْ، فَثَبَّطَهُمْ اللَّهُ لِعِلْمِهِ بِهِمْ أَنْ يَخْرُجُوا مَعَهُ، فَيُفْسِدُوا عَلَيْهِ جُنْدَهُ، وَكَانَ فِي جُنْدِهِ قَوْمٌ أَهْلُ مَحَبَّةٍ لَهُمْ، وَطَاعَةٍ فِيمَا يَدْعُونَهُمْ إلَيْهِ، لِشَرَفِهِمْ فِيهِمْ. فَقَالَ تَعَالَى: وَفِيكُمْ سَمَّاعُونَ لَهُمْ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ بِالظَّالِمِينَ لَقَدِ ابْتَغَوُا الْفِتْنَةَ مِنْ قَبْلُ أَيْ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَسْتَأْذِنُوكَ، وَقَلَّبُوا لَكَ الْأُمُورَ أَيْ لِيَخْذُلُوا عَنْكَ أَصْحَابَكَ وَيَرُدُّوا عَلَيْكَ أَمْرَكَ حَتَّى جَاءَ الْحَقُّ وَظَهَرَ أَمْرُ اللَّهِ وَهُمْ كَارِهُونَ وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَقُولُ ائْذَنْ لِي وَلَا تَفْتِنِّي أَلَا فِي الْفِتْنَةِ سَقَطُوا وَكَانَ الَّذِي قَالَ ذَلِكَ، فِيمَا سُمِّيَ لَنَا، الْجَدُّ بْنُ قِيسٍ، أَخُو بَنِي سَلِمَةَ، حِينَ دَعَاهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إلَى جِهَادِ الرُّومِ. ثُمَّ كَانَتْ الْقِصَّةُ إلَى قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: لَوْ يَجِدُونَ مَلْجَأً أَوْ مَغَارَاتٍ أَوْ مُدَّخَلًا لَوَلَّوْا إِلَيْهِ وَهُمْ يَجْمَحُونَ وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَلْمِزُكَ فِي الصَّدَقَاتِ فَإِنْ أُعْطُوا مِنْهَا رَضُوا وَإِنْ لَمْ يُعْطَوْا مِنْهَا إِذَا هُمْ يَسْخَطُونَ أَيْ إنَّمَا نِيَّتُهُمْ وَرِضَاهُمْ وَسَخَطَهُمْ لِدُنْيَاهُمْ
Translation
✧ [What was revealed concerning the hypocrites] Then He, exalted is He, said to His Prophet ﷺ, mentioning the people of hypocrisy: "Had it been a gain near at hand and a moderate journey, they would have followed you, but the distance was too great for them. And they will swear by God, 'If we had been able, we would have gone out with you,' destroying their own souls, and God knows that they are indeed liars" (Q 9:42) — that is, they were able. "God pardon you! Why did you give them leave until it became clear to you who spoke the truth and you knew the liars?" (Q 9:43) up to His saying: "Had they gone out among you, they would have added nothing to you but trouble, and would have hurried to and fro among you seeking to cause sedition among you, and among you are some who would have listened to them" (Q 9:47). [Ibn Hishām's explanation of some uncommon words] Ibn Hishām said: "awḍaʿū khilālakum" means they traveled in your midst. Al-īḍāʿ is a kind of pace swifter than walking; al-Ajdaʿ b. Mālik al-Hamdānī said: "He hunts you, the bold one, proud of his prowess, with a swift pace between running hard and īḍāʿ." This verse is in a poem of his. [Returning to what was revealed concerning the hypocrites] Ibn Isḥāq said: Those who sought his permission, among the men of nobility, so far as it has reached me, included ʿAbd Allāh b. Ubayy b. Salūl and al-Jadd b. Qays; they were nobles among their people, and God held them back, out of His knowledge of them, from going out with him lest they corrupt his army. In his army were people who loved them and obeyed them in what they called them to, because of their nobility among them. So He, exalted is He, said: "And among you are some who would have listened to them, and God knows the wrongdoers" (Q 9:47). "They had sought sedition before" (Q 9:48) — that is, before they sought your permission — "and turned things upside down for you" (Q 9:48) — that is, to make your companions fail you and turn your affair back upon you — "until the truth came and God's command became manifest, though they were averse" (Q 9:48). "And among them is he who says, 'Give me leave and do not tempt me.' Surely they have already fallen into temptation" (Q 9:49). The one who said that, as it has been named for us, was al-Jadd b. Qays, the brother of the Banū Salimah, when the Messenger of God ﷺ called him to fight against the Romans. Then the account continued to His saying, exalted is He: "If they could find a refuge or caves or a place to enter, they would turn to it while they rush headlong" (Q 9:57). "And among them are those who criticize you concerning the alms. If they are given thereof, they are pleased, but if they are not given thereof, then they are enraged" (Q 9:58) — that is, their intention, their pleasure, and their anger are only for their worldly gain.
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