20. Vows
نَهَى عَنِ النَّذْرِ»
✧ He prohibited vowing.
«لَا تَنْذِرُوا فَإِنَّ النَّذْرَ لَا يَرُدُّ مِنَ الْقَدْرِ شَيْئًا وَإِنَّمَا يُسْتَخْرَجُ بِهِ مِنَ الْبَخِيلِ»
✧ "Do not make vows, for a vow does not repel anything from destiny; it only extracts from the miser."
«إِنَّ النَّذْرُ لَا يَرُدُّ شَيْئًا وَلَكِنْ يُسْتَخْرَجُ مِنَ الْبَخِيلِ»
✧ "A vow does not repel anything, but it extracts from the miser."
كُنْتُ عِنْدَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ إِذْ جَاءَهُ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ إِنَّ ابْنًا لِي كَانَ بِأَرْضِ فَارِسَ فَوَقَعَ بِهَا الطَّاعُونُ فَنَذَرْتُ إِنِ اللَّهُ نَجَّى لِي ابْنِي أَنْ يَمْشِيَ إِلَى الْكَعْبَةِ وَإِنَّ ابْنِي قَدِمَ فَمَاتَ فَقَالَ لَهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ أَوْفِ بِنَذْرِكَ فَقَالَ لَهُ الرَّجُلُ إِنَّمَا نَذَرْتُ أَنْ يَمْشِيَ ابْنِي وَإِنَّ ابْنِي قَدْ مَاتَ فَغَضِبَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ وَقَالَ أَوَلَمْ تُنْهَوْا عَنِ النَّذْرِ سَمِعْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَقُولُ «إِنَّ النَّذْرَ لَا يُقَدِّمُ شَيْئًا وَلَا يُؤَخِّرُهُ وَلَكِنَّ اللَّهَ يَنْزِعُ بِهِ مِنَ الْبَخِيلِ» فَلَمَّا رَأَيْتُ ذَلِكَ قُلْتُ لِلرَّجُلِ انْطَلِقْ إِلَى سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ فَسَلْهُ فَانْطَلَقَ إِلَيْهِ فَسَأَلَهُ ثُمَّ رَجَعَ فَقُلْتُ مَاذَا قَالَ لَكَ؟ قَالَ امْشِ عَنِ ابْنِكَ قَالَ أَيُجْزِئُ عَنِّي ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ «أَرَأَيْتَ لَوَ كَانَ عَلَى ابْنِكَ دَيْنٌ فَقَضَيْتَهُ أَكَانَ يُجْزِئُ عَنْهُ» قُلْتُ بَلَى قَالَ فَامْشِ عَنِ ابْنِكَ
✧ I was with 'Abd Allah b. 'Umar b. al-Khattab when a man came to him and said: "O Abu 'Abd al-Rahman, a son of mine was in the land of Persia when the plague struck there. I vowed that if Allah delivered my son to me, he would walk to the Ka'bah. My son has arrived, but he died." 'Abd Allah said to him: "Fulfill your vow." The man said: "I only vowed that my son would walk, but my son has died." 'Abd Allah became angry and said: "Were you not forbidden from vowing? I heard the Prophet ﷺ say: 'A vow does not advance anything nor delay it, but Allah extracts from the miser by it.'" When I saw that, I said to the man: "Go to Sa'id b. al-Musayyab and ask him." He went to him and asked him, then returned. I said: "What did he say to you?" He said: "Walk on behalf of your son." I said: "Will that be sufficient for me?" Sa'id b. al-Musayyab said: "Consider if your son had a debt and you paid it, would it be sufficient for him?" I said: "Yes." He said: "Then walk on behalf of your son."
أَنَّ عُمَرَ نَذَرَ أَنْ يَعْتَكِفَ لَيْلَةً فِي الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «أَوْفِ بِنَذْرِكَ»
✧ 'Umar vowed to perform i'tikaf for one night in the Sacred Mosque during the pre-Islamic era, so the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to him: "Fulfill your vow."
يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْكَ إِنِّي نَذَرْتُ أَنْ أَعْتَكِفَ لَيْلَةً فِي الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «فَأَوْفِ بِنَذْرِكَ»
✧ "O Messenger of Allah, may Allah's blessings be upon you, I vowed to perform i'tikaf for one night in the Sacred Mosque during the pre-Islamic era." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Then fulfill your vow."
لَمَّا قَفَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ حُنَيْنٍ سَأَلَ عُمَرُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ نَذَرٍ كَانَ نَذَرَهُ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ اعْتِكَافِ يَوْمٍ «فَأَمَرَهُ بِهِ» قَالَ فَانْطَلَقَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ قَالَ فَبَعَثَ مَعِي بِجَارِيَةٍ أَصَابَهَا مِنْ سَبْيِ حُنَيْنٍ قَالَ فَجَعَلْتُهَا فِي بُيُوتِ الْأَعْرَابِ حَتَّى نَزَلْتُ فَإِذَا أَنَا بِسَبْيِ حُنَيْنٍ فَخَرَجُوا يَسْعَوْنَ يَقُولُونَ قَدْ أَعْتَقَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ لِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ اذْهَبْ فَأَرْسِلْهَا قَالَ فَذَهَبْتُ فَأَرْسَلْتُهَا
✧ When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ returned from Hunayn, Umar asked the Messenger of Allah ﷺ about a vow he had made in pre-Islamic times, to observe i'tikaf for a day. He ordered him to fulfill it. He said: I went ahead of him. He said: He sent with me a slave girl he had obtained from the captives of Hunayn. He said: I put her in the houses of the Bedouins until I stopped, and there I was with the captives of Hunayn. They came out running, saying, 'The Messenger of Allah ﷺ has freed us.' Umar said to 'Abd Allah, 'Go and set her free.' He said: I went and set her free.
Sahih Ibn Hibban 4382No grade recorded
مَرَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِرَجُلٍ يُهَادَى بَيْنَ اثْنَيْنِ فَسَأَلَ عَنْهُ فَقَالُوا نَذَرَ أَنْ يَمْشِيَ يَعْنِي إِلَى الْكَعْبَةِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «إِنَّ اللَّهَ لِغَنِيٌّ عَنْ تَعْذِيبِ هَذَا نَفْسَهُ» وَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَرْكَبَ
✧ The Messenger of Allah ﷺ passed by a man being supported by two others. He asked about him, and they said, 'He vowed to walk'—meaning to the Kaaba. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'Indeed Allah is in no need of this man's tormenting himself,' and he ordered him to ride.
Sahih Ibn Hibban 4383No grade recorded
رَأَى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ رَجُلًا يُهَادَى بَيْنَ اثْنَيْنِ فَقَالَ «مَا لَهُ؟ » قَالُوا نَذَرَ أَنْ يَحُجَّ مَاشِيًا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَنِيٌّ عَنْ مَشْيِ هَذَا فَلْيَرْكَبْ»
✧ The Prophet ﷺ saw a man being supported by two others and said, 'What is the matter with him?' They replied, 'He vowed to perform Hajj on foot.' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'Indeed Allah is in no need of this man's walking, so let him ride.'
جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ إِنَّ أُخْتِي جَعَلَتْ عَلَى نَفْسِهَا أَنْ تَحُجَّ مَاشِيَةً قَالَ «فَمُرْهَا فَلْتَرْكَبْ وَلْتُكَفِّرْ»
✧ A man came to the Prophet ﷺ and said, 'My sister has obliged herself to perform Hajj on foot.' He said, 'Order her to ride and to offer expiation.'
بَيْنَمَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَخْطُبُ إِذْ رَأَى رَجُلًا قَائِمًا فِي الشَّمْسِ فَسَأَلَ عَنْهُ فَقَالُوا هَذَا أَبُو إِسْرَائِيلَ نَذَرَ أَنْ يَقُومَ فِي الشَّمْسِ فَلَا يَقْعُدَ وَلَا يَسْتَظِلُّ وَلَا يَتَكَلَّمُ وَلَا يُفْطِرُ فَقَالَ «مُرُوهُ فَلْيَقْعُدْ وَلْيَسْتَظِلَّ وَلْيَتَكَلَّمْ وَلْيَصُمْ وَلْيُفْطِرْ ()»
✧ While the Prophet ﷺ was delivering a sermon, he saw a man standing in the sun. He asked about him, and they said, 'This is Abu Isra'il. He has vowed to stand in the sun, not to sit, not to seek shade, not to speak, and not to break his fast.' He said, 'Order him to sit, seek shade, speak, and fast, and break his fast ().'
رَجَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ بَعْضِ مَغَازِيهِ فَجَاءَتْ جَارِيَةٌ سَوْدَاءُ فَقَالَتْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي نَذَرْتُ إِنْ رَدَّكَ اللَّهُ سَالِمًا أَنْ أَضْرِبَ عَلَى رَأْسِكَ بِالدُّفِّ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «إِنْ نَذَرْتِ فَافْعَلِي وَإِلَّا فَلَا» قَالَتْ إِنِّي كُنْتُ نَذَرْتُ فَقَعَدَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَضَرَبَتْ بِالدُّفِّ
✧ The Messenger of Allah ﷺ returned from one of his expeditions, and a black slave girl came and said, 'O Messenger of Allah, I vowed that if Allah returned you safely, I would beat the duff on your head.' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'If you made a vow, then fulfill it; otherwise, do not.' She said, 'I had vowed it.' So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ sat down, and she beat the duff.
«مَنْ نَذَرَ أَنْ يُطِيعَ اللَّهَ فَلْيُطِعْهُ وَمَنْ نَذَرَ أَنْ يَعْصِيَ اللَّهَ فَلَا يَعْصِهِ»
✧ Whoever vows to obey Allah, let him obey Him; and whoever vows to disobey Allah, let him not disobey Him.
«مَنْ نَذَرَ أَنْ يُطِيعَ اللَّهَ فَلْيُطِعْهُ وَمَنْ نَذَرَ أَنْ يَعْصِيَ اللَّهَ فَلَا يَعْصِهِ»
✧ Whoever vows to obey Allah, let him obey Him; and whoever vows to disobey Allah, let him not disobey Him.
«مَنْ نَذَرَ أَنْ يُطِيعَ اللَّهَ فَلْيُطِعْهُ وَمَنْ نَذَرَ أَنْ يَعْصِيَ اللَّهَ فَلَا يَعْصِهِ»
✧ Whoever vows to obey Allah, let him obey Him; and whoever vows to disobey Allah, let him not disobey Him.
«مَنْ نَذَرَ أَنْ يَعْصِيَ اللَّهَ فَلَا يَعْصِهِ»
✧ Whoever vows to disobey Allah, let him not disobey Him.
«لَا وَفَاءَ لِنَذْرٍ فِي مَعْصِيَةٍ وَلَا وَفَاءَ لِنَذْرٍ فِي مَا لَا يَمْلِكُ الْعَبْدُ أَوِ ابْنُ آدَمَ»
✧ There is no fulfillment of a vow in disobedience, and no fulfillment of a vow in what the slave—or the son of Adam—does not own.
أَنَّ امْرَأَةً مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ سَبَاهَا الْمُشْرِكُونَ وَكَانُوا أَصَابُوا نَاقَةً لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ فَوَجَدَتْ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ غَفَلَةً فَنَذَرَتْ إِنِ اللَّهُ أَنْجَاهَا عَلَيْهَا أَنْ تَنْحَرَهَا قَالَ فَأَنْجَاهَا وَقَدِمَتِ الْمَدِينَةَ فَذَهَبَتْ لِتَنْحَرَهَا فَمَنَعَهَا النَّاسُ وَذُكِرَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «بِئْسَمَا جَزَيْتِيهَا» ثُمَّ قَالَ «لَا وَفَاءَ لِنَذْرٍ لِابْنِ آدَمَ فِي مَعْصِيَةٍ وَلَا فِيمَا لَا يَمْلِكُ»
✧ "A woman from the Muslims was captured by the polytheists, who had previously captured a camel belonging to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. She found the people in a state of negligence and vowed that if Allah saved her, she would sacrifice the camel. He granted her safety and she arrived in the city, intending to sacrifice the camel. However, the people forbade her and the matter was brought to the attention of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. He said, 'How bad is the way she intends to fulfill her vow!' Then he said, 'There is no fulfilling of a vow made by the son of Adam in disobedience to Allah or in something he does not possess.'"
أَنَّ سَعْدَ بْنَ عُبَادَةَ اسْتَفْتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ إِنَّ أُمِّي مَاتَتْ وَعَلَيْهَا نَذَرٌ لَمْ تَقْضِهِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «اقْضِهِ عَنْهَا»
✧ Sa'd b. 'Ubadah sought a ruling from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, saying, 'My mother died with an unfulfilled vow.' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'Fulfill it on her behalf.'
أَنَّ سَعْدَ بْنَ عُبَادَةَ اسْتَفْتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي نَذَرٍ نَذَرَتْهُ أُمُّهُ ثُمَّ مَاتَتْ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَقْضِيَهُ فَقَالَ «اقْضِهِ عَنْهَا»
✧ Sa'd b. 'Ubadah asked the Messenger of Allah ﷺ about a vow his mother had made, then she died before fulfilling it. He said, "Fulfill it on her behalf."
جَاءَ سَعْدُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ إِنَّ أُمِّي مَاتَتْ وَعَلَيْهَا نَذَرٌ لَمْ تَقْضِهِ فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ «اقْضِهِ عَنْهَا»
✧ Sa'd b. 'Ubadah came to the Prophet ﷺ and said, "My mother died while she owed a vow she had not fulfilled." The Prophet ﷺ said to him, "Fulfill it on her behalf."
Sahih Ibn Hibban 4396No grade recorded
أَنَّ امْرَأَةً جَاءَتْ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَتْ إِنَّ أُمِّي مَاتَتْ وَعَلَيْهَا صَوْمٌ مِنْ نَذْرٍ فَقَالَ لَهَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ «أَكُنْتِ قَاضِيَةً عَنْ أُمِّكِ دَيْنًا لَوْ كَانَ عَلَيْهَا؟ » قَالَتْ نَعَمْ قَالَ «فَصُومِي عَنْ أُمِّكِ»
✧ A woman came to the Prophet ﷺ and said, "My mother died while she owed a fast from a vow." The Prophet ﷺ said to her, "Would you pay a debt on behalf of your mother if she owed one?" She said, "Yes." He said, "Then fast on behalf of your mother."