14. ✧ Wills
al-Matalib al-'Aliyah 1834No grade recorded
أَعْطَى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الْجَدَّ سُدُسَ الْمَالِ مَعَ الْوَلَدِ الذَّكَرِ، وَمَعَ الْأَخِ الْوَاحِدِ النِّصْفَ، وَمَعَ الِاثْنَيْنِ فَصَاعِدًا الثُّلُثَ، وَإِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ وَارِثٌ غَيْرُهُ فَأَعْطَاهُ الْمَالَ كُلَّهُ
✧ The Messenger of Allah ﷺ gave the grandfather one-sixth of the wealth along with a male child, and along with one brother half, and along with two or more one-third, and when there was no heir other than him, he gave him all the wealth.
al-Matalib al-'Aliyah 1835No grade recorded
كُنَّا نُوَرِّثُهُ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ يَعْنِي الْجَدَّ
✧ We used to give him inheritance in the time of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, meaning the grandfather.
al-Matalib al-'Aliyah 1836No grade recorded
وَقَالَ أَبُو يَعْلَى: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ بِهَذَا.:
✧ Abu Ya'la said: Abu Bakr narrated to us with this.
al-Matalib al-'Aliyah 1837No grade recorded
وَقَالَ الْبَزَّارُ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ هَيَّاجٍ، ثَنَا قَبِيصَةُ. قَالَ الْبَزَّارُ: لَا نَعْلَمُهُ بِهَذَا اللَّفْظِ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ ؓ إِلَّا مِنْ هَذَا الْوَجْهِ، وَأَحْسَبُ أَنَّ قَبِيصَةَ أَخْطَأَ فِي لَفْظِهِ، وَإِنَّمَا كَانَ عِنْدَهُ: كُنَّا نُؤَدِّيهِ - يَعْنِي الْفِطْرَ - وَلَمْ يُتَابَعْ قَبِيصَةُ عَلَى هَذَا.:
✧ Al-Bazzar said: Ibn Umar b. Hayyaj narrated to us, Qabisa narrated to us. Al-Bazzar said: We do not know it with this wording from Abu Sa'id ؓ except from this route, and I think that Qabisa erred in his wording, and he only had: 'We used to give it' - meaning the fitrah - and Qabisa was not followed in this.
al-Matalib al-'Aliyah 1838No grade recorded
أَدْخِلُوا عَلَيَّ النَّاسَ، وَلَا تُدْخِلُوا إِلَّا قُرَيْشًا. فَدَخَلُوا يَتَسَلَّلُونَ حَتَّى امْتَلَأَ الْبَيْتُ، فَقَالَ: هَلْ فِيكُمْ أَحَدٌ لَيْسَ مِنْكُمْ ؟ فَقَالُوا: ابْنُ الْأُخْتِ، وَالْمَوْلَى، وَالْحَلِيفُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: ابْنُ الْأُخْتِ مِنْهُمْ، وَحَلِيفُهُمْ مِنْهُمْ، وَمَوْلَاهُمْ مِنْهُمْ
✧ Bring the people in to me, and do not bring in except Quraysh. So they entered slipping in until the house was filled, so he said: 'Is there anyone among you who is not from you?' They said: 'The son of a sister, the client, and the ally.' So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: 'The son of their sister is from them, their ally is from them, and their client is from them.'
al-Matalib al-'Aliyah 1839No grade recorded
أَنَّهُ تَصَدَّقَ عَلَى أُمِّهِ بِجَارِيَةٍ لَهُ كَاتَبَهَا، فَمَاتَتِ الْأُمُّ وَعَلَيْهَا بَقِيَّةٌ مِنْ مُكَاتَبَتِهَا، قَالَ: فَسَأَلْتُ عِمْرَانَ بْنَ حُصَيْنٍ ؓ فَقَالَ: أَنْتَ تَرِثُ أُمَّكَ، وَأَنْ تُقَسِّمَهَا فِي ذِي قَرَابَتِهَا أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ
✧ He gave charity to his mother with a slave girl of his whom he had contracted to pay for her freedom, so the mother died while she owed a remainder of her contract. He said: I asked Imran b. Husayn ؓ, and he said: 'You inherit your mother, and to divide her among her relatives is more beloved to me.'
al-Matalib al-'Aliyah 1840No grade recorded
فِي قَوْمٍ غَرِقُوا فِي سَفِينَةٍ فَوَرَّثَ عَلِيٌّ ؓ بَعْضَهُمْ مِنْ بَعْضٍ
✧ Regarding a group of people who drowned in a ship, Ali ؓ made some of them inherit from others.
al-Matalib al-'Aliyah 1841No grade recorded
إِنَّ عُمَرَ ؓ سَأَلَ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ: كَيْفَ نُوَرِّثُ الْكَلَالَةَ ؟ فَقَالَ ﷺ: « أَوَلَيْسَ قَدْ بَيَّنَ اللهُ تَعَالَى ذَلِكَ ؟ » ثُمَّ قَرَأَ: وَإِنْ كَانَ رَجُلٌ يُورَثُ كَلالَةً، إِلَى آخِرِهَا. فَكَأَنَّ عُمَرَ ؓ لَمْ يَفْهَمْ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ تَعَالَى: يَسْتَفْتُونَكَ قُلِ اللهُ يُفْتِيكُمْ فِي الْكَلالَةِ، إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ. فَكَأَنَّ عُمَرَ ؓ لَمْ يَفْهَمْ، فَقَالَ لِحَفْصَةَ ؓ: إِذَا رَأَيْتِ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ طِيبَ نَفْسٍ فَاسْأَلِيهِ عَنْهَا، فَرَأَتْ مِنْهُ طِيبَ نَفْسٍ فَسَأَلَتْهُ عَنْهَا فَقَالَ ﷺ: « أَبُوكِ كَتَبَ لَكِ هَذَا ؟ مَا أُرَى أَبَاكِ يَعْلَمُهَا أَبَدًا »، فَكَانَ عُمَرُ ؓ يَقُولُ: مَا أُرَانِي أَعْلَمُهَا أَبَدًا، وَقَدْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَا قَالَ
✧ Umar ؓ asked the Messenger of Allah ﷺ: 'How do we give inheritance in the case of kalalah?' He ﷺ said: 'Has not Allah, the Exalted, already explained that?' Then he recited: 'And if a man is inherited by kalalah...' to the end. As if Umar ؓ did not understand, so Allah, the Exalted, revealed: 'They ask you for a ruling. Say: Allah gives you a ruling concerning kalalah...' to the end of the verse. As if Umar ؓ did not understand, so he said to Hafsa ؓ: 'When you see that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ is in a good mood, ask him about it.' She saw him in a good mood and asked him about it, so he ﷺ said: 'Did your father write this for you? I do not think your father will ever know it.' So Umar ؓ used to say: 'I do not think I will ever know it, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said what he said.'
al-Matalib al-'Aliyah 1842No grade recorded
« إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ فِي كِتَابِ اللهِ، وَلَا فِي قَضَاءِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ. وَسَيَجِدُونَهُ كُلُّهُمْ، فَيَقُولُونَ: مَا هُوَ ؟ فَيَقُولُ: مِيرَاثُ الْأُخْتِ مَعَ الْبِنْتِ النِّصْفُ، وَقَدْ قَالَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: إِنِ امْرُؤٌ هَلَكَ لَيْسَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ وَلَهُ أُخْتٌ... الْآيَةَ
✧ “There is nothing in the Book of Allah, nor in the decree of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. They will all find it, and they will say: ‘What is it?’ He will say: ‘The inheritance of the sister along with the daughter is half.’ And Allah, Mighty and Majestic, has said: ‘If a man dies having no child but has a sister...’ the verse.”
al-Matalib al-'Aliyah 1843No grade recorded
« يَرِثُ الرَّجُلُ أَخَاهُ لِأَبِيهِ وَأُمِّهِ دُونَ إِخْوَتِهِ لِأَبِيهِ
✧ “A man inherits from his full brother, to the exclusion of his paternal brothers.”
al-Matalib al-'Aliyah 1844No grade recorded
سَمِعَ مُرَّةَ يَقُولُ فِي الْكَلَالَةِ، قُلْتُ لِمُرَّةَ: وَمَنْ يَشُكُّ فِي الْكَلَالَةِ ؟ هُوَ مَا دُونَ الْوَلَدِ وَالْوَالِدِ. قَالَ: « إِنَّهُمْ يَشُكُّونَ فِي الْوَلَدِ
✧ He heard Murrah say concerning kalālah. I said to Murrah: “Who doubts about kalālah? It is those other than the child and the parent.” He said: “They doubt about the child.”
al-Matalib al-'Aliyah 1845No grade recorded
اخْتَصَمَ عَلِيٌّ وَالزُّبَيْرُ إِلَى عُمَرَ ؓ فِي مَوَالِي صَفِيَّةَ ؓ، فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ ؓ: عَمَّتِي، وَأَنَا أَعْقِلُ عَنْهَا وَأَرِثُهَا، وَقَالَ الزُّبَيْرُ ؓ: أُمِّي وَأَنَا أَرِثُهَا. فَقَالَ عُمَرُ لِعَلِيٍّ ؓ: « أَلَمْ تَعْلَمْ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ جَعَلَ الْوَلَاءَ تَبَعًا لِلْمِيرَاثِ. ؟
✧ ʿAlī and al-Zubayr brought a dispute before ʿUmar ؓ concerning the mawālī of Ṣafiyyah ؓ. ʿAlī ؓ said: “She is my paternal aunt, and I pay blood money on her behalf and inherit from her.” Al-Zubayr ؓ said: “She is my mother, and I inherit from her.” ʿUmar said to ʿAlī ؓ: “Do you not know that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ made walāʾ subordinate to inheritance?”
al-Matalib al-'Aliyah 1846No grade recorded
أَمَا عَلِمْتَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ جَعَلَ الْوَلَاءَ تَبَعًا لِلْمِيرَاثِ ؟ فَقَضَى بِهِ لِلزُّبَيْرِ ؓ
✧ “Did you not know that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ made walāʾ subordinate to inheritance?” So he ruled it for al-Zubayr ؓ.
al-Matalib al-'Aliyah 1847No grade recorded
« مَنْ أَسْلَمَ عَلَى يَدِهِ رَجُلٌ فَهُوَ مَوْلَاهُ، يَرِثُهُ وَيُؤَدِّي عَنْهُ
✧ “If a man accepts Islam at a man’s hands, he is his mawlā; he inherits from him and pays blood money on his behalf.”
al-Matalib al-'Aliyah 1848No grade recorded
مَنْ أَسْلَمَ عَلَى يَدَيْ رَجُلٍ فَهُوَ مَوْلَاهُ
✧ “Whoever accepts Islam at a man’s hands, he is his mawlā.”
al-Matalib al-'Aliyah 1849No grade recorded
سَأَلْتُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنِ النَّبَطِيِّ يُسْلِمُ، فَيُوَالِي رَجُلًا، قَالَ: يَرِثُهُ، وَيَعْقِلُ عَنْهُ
✧ I asked Ibrāhīm about a Nabataean who accepts Islam and forms an alliance with a man. He said: “He inherits from him and pays blood money on his behalf.”
al-Matalib al-'Aliyah 1850No grade recorded
إِنَّ مُعَاذَ بْنَ جَبَلٍ ؓ كَانَ يُوَرِّثُ الْمُسْلِمَ مِنَ الْكَافِرِ، وَلَا يُوَرِّثُ الْكَافِرَ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِ
✧ Muʿādh b. Jabal ؓ used to allow a Muslim to inherit from a disbeliever, but he did not allow a disbeliever to inherit from a Muslim.
al-Matalib al-'Aliyah 1851No grade recorded
إِنَّ أَخَوَيْنِ اخْتَصَمَا إِلَى يَحْيَى بْنِ يَعْمَرَ: يَهُودِيٌّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ. فَوَرَّثَ الْمُسْلِمَ مِنْهُمَا، فَقِيلَ لَهُ: لِمَ وَرَّثْتَ الْمُسْلِمَ ؟ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو الْأَسْوَدِ أَنَّ رَجُلًا حَدَّثَهُ أَنَّ أَخَوَيْنِ اخْتَصَمَا إِلَى مُعَاذٍ ؓ: يَهُودِيٌّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ. فَقَالَ الْمُسْلِمُ: كَانَ أَبِي يَهُودِيًّا، وَكَانَ ذَا مَالٍ وَأَرْضٍ، فَلَمْ يَضُرَّنِي إِسْلَامِي عِنْدَهُ دُونَ أَنْ فَوَّضَ إِلَيَّ مَالَهُ وَأَرْضًا كُنْتُ أَزْرَعُهَا وَأَقُومُ فِيهَا، وَكُنْتُ أَتَصَدَّقُ، وَأَقْرِي الضَّيْفَ، وَأَصْنَعُ الْمَعْرُوفَ، وَأُعْتِقُ، فَكَانَ لَا يَعِيبُ ذَلِكَ عَلَيَّ، فَمَاتَ. فَحَالُوا بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ مَالِهِ، وَقَالُوا: لَا حَقَّ لَكَ. فَوَرَّثَ مُعَاذٌ الْمُسْلِمَ
✧ Two brothers brought a dispute before Yaḥyā b. Yaʿmar: a Jew and a Muslim. He made the Muslim inherit from them. It was said to him: “Why did you make the Muslim inherit?” He said: “Abū al-Aswad told me that a man told him that two brothers brought a dispute before Muʿādh ؓ: a Jew and a Muslim. The Muslim said: ‘My father was a Jew, and he had wealth and land. My Islam did not harm me with him; rather, he entrusted his wealth to me and land that I cultivated and managed. I used to give charity, host guests, do good, and free slaves. He did not criticize that about me. Then he died, and they came between me and his wealth and said: “You have no right.” So Muʿādh made the Muslim inherit.’”
al-Matalib al-'Aliyah 1852No grade recorded
« لَا يَرِثُ الْمُسْلِمُ الْكَافِرَ، إِلَّا إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ عَبْدًا
✧ “A Muslim does not inherit from a disbeliever, except if he has a slave.”
al-Matalib al-'Aliyah 1853No grade recorded
وُجِدَ فِي قَائِمِ سَيْفِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ كِتَابٌ فِيهِ: « الْمُؤْمِنُونَ تَكَافَأُ دِمَاؤُهُمْ، يَسْعَى بِذِمَّتِهِمْ أَدْنَاهُمْ. لَا يُقْتَلُ مُسْلِمٌ بِكَافِرٍ، وَلَا ذُو عَهْدٍ فِي عَهْدِهِ. وَلَا يَتَوَارَثُ أَهْلُ مِلَّتَيْنِ
✧ In the pommel of the sword of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ a document was found in which was: “The believers’ blood is equal; the lowest of them is entitled to give protection. A Muslim is not killed for a disbeliever, nor one with a covenant while his covenant lasts. The people of two religions do not inherit from one another.”
al-Matalib al-'Aliyah 1854No grade recorded
« النَّبِيُّ لَا يُورَثُ
✧ The Prophet ﷺ is not inherited from.
al-Matalib al-'Aliyah 1855No grade recorded
« إِذَا قُتِلَ الْمُرْتَدُّ عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ وَرِثَهُ وَلَدُهُ
✧ When the apostate from Islam is killed, his children inherit from him.
al-Matalib al-'Aliyah 1856No grade recorded
أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ عَاصِمَ بْنَ عَدِيٍّ، عَنْ ثَابِتِ بْنِ الدَّحْدَاحِ: « هَلْ تَعْلَمُونَ لَهُ نَسَبًا فِيكُمْ ؟ » قَالُوا: لَا، إِنَّمَا هُوَ أَتِيٌّ فِينَا، فَقَضَى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بِمِيرَاثِهِ لِابْنِ أُخْتِهِ
✧ He asked 'Asim b. 'Adiyy about Thabit b. al-Dahdah: "Do you know of any lineage for him among you?" They said: "No, he is only an outsider among us." So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ruled that his inheritance be given to his sister's son.
al-Matalib al-'Aliyah 1857No grade recorded
« الدِّيَةُ بَيْنَ الْوَرَثَةِ مِيرَاثٌ عَلَى كِتَابِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ
✧ Blood-money is inherited by the heirs according to the Book of Allah, Mighty and Majestic.
al-Matalib al-'Aliyah 1858No grade recorded
كَانَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ امْرَأَتَيْنِ لَهُ جِوَارٌ، فَرَمَى إِحْدَاهُمَا بِحَجَرٍ فَقَتَلَهَا. فَرَكِبَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ، وَهُوَ بِتَبُوكَ، فَسَأَلَهُ عَنْ شَأْنِ الْمَرْأَةِ الْمَقْتُولَةِ، فَقَالَ ﷺ: « تَعْقِلُهَا، وَلَا تَرِثُهَا
✧ There was a quarrel between him and two wives of his, so he threw a stone at one of them and killed her. He rode to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ while he was at Tabuk, and asked him about the matter of the killed woman. He ﷺ said: "You pay her blood-money, but you do not inherit from her."
al-Matalib al-'Aliyah 1830No grade recorded
إِنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ ؓ بَيَّنَ أَنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى تَصَدَّقَ عَلَيْكُمْ بِثُلُثِ أَمْوَالِكُمْ عِنْدَ وَفَاتِكُمْ
✧ Indeed Abu Bakr ؓ made clear that Allah, the Exalted, gave you charity in the form of one-third of your wealth at the time of your death.
al-Matalib al-'Aliyah 1831No grade recorded
إِنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ ؓ أَوْصَى بِالْخُمُسِ، فَقَالَ: آخُذُ مِنْ مَالِي مَا أَحَلَّ اللهُ مِنْ فَيْءِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ
✧ Indeed Abu Bakr ؓ bequeathed the fifth, and said: 'I take from my wealth what Allah has permitted from the fay' of the Muslims.'
al-Matalib al-'Aliyah 1832No grade recorded
إِنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ بَعَثَ مُنَادِيًا فَنَادَى فِي يَوْمِ فَتْحِ مَكَّةَ: لَا وَصِيَّةَ لِوَارِثٍ، الْوَلَدُ لِلْفِرَاشِ، وَلَا تَجُوزُ لِامْرَأَةٍ عَطِيَّةٌ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ زَوْجِهَا
✧ Indeed the Prophet ﷺ sent a crier who announced on the day of the conquest of Makkah: 'There is no bequest to an heir, the child belongs to the bed, and a woman's gift is not permissible except with her husband's permission.'
al-Matalib al-'Aliyah 1833No grade recorded
لَا وَصِيَّةَ لِوَارِثٍ
✧ There is no bequest to an heir.