43. Blood-Money
No. 43-1–43-45
Muwatta' Malik 1552Shahih
أَنَّ فِي الْكِتَابِ الَّذِي كَتَبَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِعَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ فِي الْعُقُولِ أَنَّ فِي النَّفْسِ مِائَةً مِنَ الإِبِلِ وَفِي الأَنْفِ إِذَا أُوعِيَ جَدْعًا مِائَةٌ مِنَ الإِبِلِ وَفِي الْمَأْمُومَةِ ثُلُثُ الدِّيَةِ وَفِي الْجَائِفَةِ مِثْلُهَا وَفِي الْعَيْنِ خَمْسُونَ وَفِي الْيَدِ خَمْسُونَ وَفِي الرِّجْلِ خَمْسُونَ وَفِي كُلِّ أُصْبُعٍ مِمَّا هُنَالِكَ عَشْرٌ مِنَ الإِبِلِ وَفِي السِّنِّ خَمْسٌ وَفِي الْمُوضِحَةِ خَمْسٌ
Telah menceritakan kepadaku Yahya dari Malik dari [Abdullah bin Abu Bakar bin Muhammad bin 'Amru bin Hazm] dari [Bapaknya] bahwa surat yang di tulis Rasulullah Shalla Allahu 'alaihi wa sallam untuk 'Amru bin Hazm tentang diyat, bahwa: pada setiap jiwa seratus ekor unta, pada bagian hidung jika retak atau terputus, diyatnya seratus ekor unta, pada bagian luka kepala maka sepertiga diyat, dan untuk luka dalam juga sepertiga, pada bagian mata lima puluh ekor, pada tangan lima puluh, dan kaki juga lima puluh. Untuk setiap jari-jarinya sepuluh ekor unta, untuk gigi dan luka yang kelihatan tulangnya masing-masing lima ekor unta
Muwatta' Malik 1553Penilai berbeda pendapat
أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ قَوَّمَ الدِّيَةَ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْقُرَى فَجَعَلَهَا عَلَى أَهْلِ الذَّهَبِ أَلْفَ دِينَارٍ وَعَلَى أَهْلِ الْوَرِقِ اثْنَىْ عَشَرَ أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ قَالَ مَالِكٌ فَأَهْلُ الذَّهَبِ أَهْلُ الشَّامِ وَأَهْلُ مِصْرَ وَأَهْلُ الْوَرِقِ أَهْلُ الْعِرَاقِ وَحَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى عَنْ مَالِكٍ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَنَّ الدِّيَةَ تُقْطَعُ فِي ثَلاَثِ سِنِينَ أَوْ أَرْبَعِ سِنِينَ قَالَ مَالِكٌ وَالثَّلاَثُ أَحَبُّ مَا سَمِعْتُ إِلَىَّ فِي ذَلِكَ قَالَ مَالِكٌ الأَمْرُ الْمُجْتَمَعُ عَلَيْهِ عِنْدَنَا أَنَّهُ لاَ يُقْبَلُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْقُرَى فِي الدِّيَةِ الإِبِلُ وَلاَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعَمُودِ الذَّهَبُ وَلاَ الْوَرِقُ وَلاَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الذَّهَبِ الْوَرِقُ وَلاَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْوَرِقِ الذَّهَبُ
Malik related to me that he had heard that Umar ibn al-Khattab estimated the full blood-money for the people of urban areas. For those who had gold, he made it one thousand dinars. and for those who had silver he made it ten thousand dirhams. Malik said, "The people of gold are the people of ash-Sham and the people of Egypt. The people of silver are the people of Iraq " Yahya related to me from Malik that he heard that the blood-money was divided into instalments over three or four years. Malik said, "Three is the most preferable to me of what I have heard on that." Malik said, "The generally agreed on way of doing things in our community is that camels are not accepted from the people of cities for blood-money nor is gold or silver accepted from the desert people. Silver is not accepted from the people of gold and gold is not accepted from the people of silver."
Muwatta' Malik 1554Shahih
فِي دِيَةِ الْعَمْدِ إِذَا قُبِلَتْ خَمْسٌ وَعِشْرُونَ بِنْتَ مَخَاضٍ وَخَمْسٌ وَعِشْرُونَ بِنْتَ لَبُونٍ وَخَمْسٌ وَعِشْرُونَ حِقَّةً وَخَمْسُ وَعِشْرُونَ جَذَعَةً
Yahya related to me from Malik that Ibn Shihab said, "The full blood-money for murder when it is accepted is twenty-five yearlings, twenty-five two-year-olds, twenty-five four-year-olds, and twenty-five five-year-olds."
Muwatta' Malik 1555Penilai berbeda pendapat
أَنَّ مَرْوَانَ بْنَ الْحَكَمِ كَتَبَ إِلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ أَنَّهُ أُتِيَ بِمَجْنُونٍ قَتَلَ رَجُلاً فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ مُعَاوِيَةُ أَنِ اعْقِلْهُ وَلاَ تُقِدْ مِنْهُ فَإِنَّهُ لَيْسَ عَلَى مَجْنُونٍ قَوَدٌ
Telah menceritakan kepadaku dari Malik dari [Yahya bin Sa'id] bahwa Marwan bin Al Hakam menulis surat kepada [Mu'awiyah bin Abu Sufyan], bahwa pernah dihadapkan kepada orang gila yang telah membunuh seseorang. Maka Mu'awiyah menjawab; "Ikatlah dia dan jangan engkau balas semisal dengan perbuatannya, karena orang gila itu tidak boleh diqishas
Muwatta' Malik 1556Penilai berbeda pendapat
أَنَّ رَجُلاً مِنْ بَنِي سَعْدِ بْنِ لَيْثٍ أَجْرَى فَرَسًا فَوَطِئَ عَلَى إِصْبَعِ رَجُلٍ مِنْ جُهَيْنَةَ فَنُزِيَ مِنْهَا فَمَاتَ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ لِلَّذِي ادُّعِيَ عَلَيْهِمْ أَتَحْلِفُونَ بِاللَّهِ خَمْسِينَ يَمِينًا مَا مَاتَ مِنْهَا فَأَبَوْا وَتَحَرَّجُوا وَقَالَ لِلآخَرِينَ أَتَحْلِفُونَ أَنْتُمْ فَأَبَوْا فَقَضَى عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ بِشَطْرِ الدِّيَةِ عَلَى السَّعْدِيِّينَ
Telah menceritakan kepadaku Yahya dari Malik dari [Ibnu Syihab] dari ['Iraq bin Malik] dan [Sulaiman bin Yasar] bahwa seseorang dari Bani Said bin Laits mengendarai kuda lalu menginjak jari seseorang dari Juhainah hingga terputus dan mati. Kemudian [Umar bin Khattab] berkata kepada para terdakwa; 'Apakah kalian mau bersumpah atas nama Allah limapuluh kali, bahwa dia tidak mati karenanya? ' mereka menolak dan merasa berat." Kemudian Umar bertanya kepada yang lainnya; 'Maukah kalian bersumpah? ' merekapun enggan. Kemudian Umar bin Khattab memutuskan agar membayar setengah diyat atas orang-orang Bani Said. Malik berkata; "Bukanlah seperti ini pendapat kami
Muwatta' Malik 1557Shahih
دِيَةُ الْخَطَإِ عِشْرُونَ بِنْتَ مَخَاضٍ وَعِشْرُونَ بِنْتَ لَبُونٍ وَعِشْرُونَ ابْنَ لَبُونٍ ذَكَرًا وَعِشْرُونَ حِقَّةً وَعِشْرُونَ جَذَعَةً
Yahya related to me from Malik that Ibn Shihab, Sulayman ibn Yasar, and Rabia ibn Abi Abd ar-Rahman said, "The blood-money of manslaughter is twenty yearlings, twenty two-year-olds, twenty male two-year-olds, twenty four-year-olds, and twenty five-year-olds." Malik said, "The generally agreed on way with us is that there is no retaliation against children. Their intention is accidental. The hudud are not obliged for them if they have not yet reached puberty. If a child kills someone it is only accidentally. Had a child and an adult killed a free man accidentally, each of them pays half the full blood-money." Malik said, "A person who kills someone accidentally pays blood-money with his property and there is no retaliation against him. That money is like anything else from the dead man's property and his debt is paid with it and he is allowed to make a bequest from it. If he has a total property of which the blood-money is a third and then the blood-money is relinquished, that is permitted to him. If all the property he has is his blood-money, he is permitted to relinquish a third of it and to make that a bequest."
Muwatta' Malik 43-7Shahih
حَدَّثَنِي مالِكٌ: أنَّ الأمْرَ المُجْتَمَعَ عَلَيْهِ عِنْدَهُمْ فِي الخَطَأِ أنَّهُ لاَ يُعْقَلُ حَتّى يَبْرَأ المَجْرُوحُ ويَصِحَّ. وأنَّهُ إنْ كُسِرَ عَظْمٌ مِنَ الإنْسانِ، يَدٌ أوْ رِجْلٌ أوْ غَيْرُ ذلِكَ مِنَ الجَسَدِ خَطَأً، فَبَرَأ وصَحَّ وعادَ لِهَيْئَتِهِ فَلَيْسَ فِيهِ عَقْلٌ. فَإنْ نَقَصَ أوْ كانَ فِيهِ عَثَلٌ، فَفِيهِ مِن عَقْلِهِ بِحِسابِ ما نَقَصَ. قالَ [مالك]: فَإنْ كانَ ذلِكَ العَظْمُ مِمّا جاءَ فِيهِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ عَقْلٌ مُسَمًّى، فَبِحِسابِ ما فَرَضَ فِيهِ النَّبِيُّ. وما كانَ مِمّا لَمْ يَأْتِ فِيهِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ عَقْلٌ مُسَمًّى، ولَمْ تَمْضِ فِيهِ سُنَّةٌ ولاَ عَقْلٌ مُسَمًّى، فَإنَّهُ يُجْتَهَدُ فِيهِ. قالَ مالِكٌ: ولَيْسَ فِي الجِراحِ فِي الجَسَدِ، إذا كانَتْ خَطَأً، عَقْلٌ. إذا بَرَأ الجُرْحُ وعادَ لِهَيْئَتِهِ. فَإنْ كانَ فِي شَيْءٍ مِن ذلِكَ عَثَلٌ أوْ شَيْنٌ. فَإنَّهُ يُجْتَهَدُ فِيهِ. إلاَّ الجائِفَةَ. فَإنَّ فِيها ثُلُثَ النَّفْسِ. قالَ مالِكٌ: ولَيْسَ فِي مُنَقَّلَةِ الجَسَدِ عَقْلٌ. وهِيَ مِثْلُ مُوضِحَةِ الجَسَدِ۔ قالَ مالِكٌ الأمْرُ المُجْتَمَعُ عَلَيْهِ عِنْدَنا أنَّ الطَّبِيبَ إذا خَتَنَ فَقَطَعَ الحَشَفَةَ (١)، إنَّ عَلَيْهِ العَقْلَ. وأنَّ ذلِكَ مِنَ الخَطَإ الَّذِي تَحْمِلُهُ العاقِلَةُ. وأنَّ كُلَّ ما أخْطَأ بِهِ الطَّبِيبُ أوْ تَعَدّى، إذا لَمْ يَتَعَمَّدْ ذلِكَ، فَفِيهِ العَقْلُ.
Malik related to me that the generally agreed on way of doing things amongst the community about an accident is that there is no blood-money until the victim is better. If a man's bone, either a hand, or a foot, or another part of his body, is broken accidentally and it heals and becomes sound and returns to its form, there is no blood-money for it. If the limb is impaired or there is a scar on it, there is blood-money for it according to the extent that it is impaired. Malik said, "If that part of the body has a specific blood-money mentioned by the Prophet ﷺ it is according to what the Prophet ﷺ specified. If it is part of what does not have a specific blood-money for it mentioned by the Prophet ﷺ and if there is no previous sunna about it or specific blood-money, one uses ijtihad about it." Malik said, "There is no blood-money for an accidental bodily injury when the wound heals and returns to its form. If there is any scar or mark in that, ijtihad is used about it except for the belly-wound. There is a third of the blood-money of a life for it. " Malik said, "There is no blood-money for the wound which splinters a bone in the body, and it is like the wound to the body which lays bare the bone." Malik said, "The generally agreed on way of doing things in our community is that when the doctor performs a circumcision and cuts off the glans, he must pay the full blood-money. That is because it is an accident which the tribe is responsible for, and the full blood money is payable for all that in which a doctor errs or exceeds, when it is not intentional."
Muwatta' Malik 1558Shahih
تُعَاقِلُ الْمَرْأَةُ الرَّجُلَ إِلَى ثُلُثِ الدِّيَةِ إِصْبَعُهَا كَإِصْبَعِهِ وَسِنُّهَا كَسِنِّهِ وَمُوضِحَتُهَا كَمُوضِحَتِهِ وَمُنَقِّلَتُهَا كَمُنَقَّلَتِهِ
Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Said that Said ibn al-Musayyab said, "The blood-money for a woman is the same as for a man up to one third of the blood-money. Her finger is like his finger, her tooth is like his tooth, her injury which lays bare the bone is like his, and her head wound which splinters the bone is like his."
Muwatta' Malik 1559Shahih
أَنَّهُمَا كَانَا يَقُولاَنِ مِثْلَ قَوْلِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ فِي الْمَرْأَةِ أَنَّهَا تُعَاقِلُ الرَّجُلَ إِلَى ثُلُثِ دِيَةِ الرَّجُلِ فَإِذَا بَلَغَتْ ثُلُثَ دِيَةِ الرَّجُلِ كَانَتْ إِلَى النِّصْفِ مِنْ دِيَةِ الرَّجُلِ
Telah menceritakan kepadaku Yahya dari Malik dari [Yahya bin Sa'id] dari [Sa'id bin Musayyab] berkata; "Seorang wanita membayar atas laki-laki dengan sepertiga diyat, jari dengan jari, gigi dengan gigi, luka yang sampai kelihatan tulangnya dengan luka yang sama, dan tulang yang pecah dengan tulang yang pecah." Telah menceritakan kepadaku Malik dari [Ibnu Syihab] telah sampai kepadanya dari ['Urwah bin Az Zubair] bahwa keduanya berpendapat seperti pendapat Sa'id bin Musayyab tentang perempuan yang membayar sepertiga diyat atas laki-laki, jika telah sampai sepertiga diyat laki-laki maka naik menjadi setengahnya. Malik berkata; "Tafsiran hal itu bahwa perempuan itu membayar diyat pada luka yang hingga terlihat tulangnya, atau pada luka yang menyebabkan tulangnya pecah, atau luka-luka yang tidak sampai menembus tulang kepala atau perut, atau yang semisalnya, maka masih dalam sepertiga diyat lebih, jika telah melebihinya maka membayar setengah dari diyat laki-laki
Muwatta' Malik 1560Shahih
مَضَتِ السُّنَّةُ أَنَّ الرَّجُلَ إِذَا أَصَابَ امْرَأَتَهُ بِجُرْحٍ أَنَّ عَلَيْهِ عَقْلَ ذَلِكَ الْجُرْحِ وَلاَ يُقَادُ مِنْهُ
Telah menceritakan kepadaku dari Malik bahwa dia telah mendengar [Ibnu Syihab] berkata; "Merupakan sunnah bahwa seorang laki-laki jika melukai isterinya maka dia harus membayar diyat seharga luka tersebut, namun ia tidak diqishash
Muwatta' Malik 1561Shahih
أَنَّ امْرَأَتَيْنِ مِنْ هُذَيْلٍ رَمَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا الأُخْرَى فَطَرَحَتْ جَنِينَهَا فَقَضَى فِيهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِغُرَّةٍ عَبْدٍ أَوْ وَلِيدَةٍ
Telah menceritakan kepadaku Yahya dari Malik dari [Ibnu Syihab] dari [Abu Salamah bin Abdurrahman bin Auf] dari [Abu Hurairah] berkata, "Dua orang wanita dari Hudzail saling melempar, hingga salah satu dari mereka membunuh janin yang ada dalam perut lawannya. Lalu Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam memutuskan agar orang yang membunuh janin tersebut membebaskan seorang budak laki-laki atau perempuan yang harganya mahal (sepuluh kali dari nilai diyat)
Muwatta' Malik 1562Shahih
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَضَى فِي الْجَنِينَ يُقْتَلُ فِي بَطْنِ أُمِّهِ بِغُرَّةٍ عَبْدٍ أَوْ وَلِيدَةٍ فَقَالَ الَّذِي قُضِيَ عَلَيْهِ كَيْفَ أَغْرَمُ مَا لاَ شَرِبَ وَلاَ أَكَلْ وَلاَ نَطَقَ وَلاَ اسْتَهَلّ وَمِثْلُ ذَلِكَ بَطَلْ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِنَّمَا هَذَا مِنْ إِخْوَانِ الْكُهَّانِ
Telah menceritakan kepadaku dari Malik dari [Ibnu Syihab] dari [Sa'id bin Musayyab] bahwa Rasulullah Shalla Allahu 'alaihi wa sallam memutuskan perkara janin yang dibunuh diperut ibunya dengan membebaskan seorang budak laki-laki atau perempuan. Kemudian terdakwa berkata; "Bagaimana mungkin aku didenda karena membunuh sesuatu yang belum makan, minum, bicara atau menangis saat lahir?" Maka Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam bersabda: "Orang ini adalah kawannya dukun
Muwatta' Malik 43-13Shahih
أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ الْغُرَّةُ تُقَوَّمُ خَمْسِينَ دِينَارًا أَوْ سِتَّمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ وَدِيَةُ الْمَرْأَةِ الْحُرَّةِ الْمُسْلِمَةِ خَمْسُمِائَةِ دِينَارٍ أَوْ سِتَّةُ آلاَفِ دِرْهَمٍ قَالَ مَالِكٌ فَدِيَةُ جَنِينِ الْحُرَّةِ عُشْرُ دِيَتِهَا وَالْعُشْرُ خَمْسُونَ دِينَارًا أَوْ سِتُّمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ قَالَ مَالِكٌ وَلَمْ أَسْمَعْ أَحَدًا يُخَالِفُ فِي أَنَّ الْجَنِينَ لاَ تَكُونُ فِيهِ الْغُرَّةُ حَتَّى يُزَايِلَ بَطْنَ أُمِّهِ، ويَسْقَطُ مِن بَطْنِها مَيِّتًا. قالَ مالِكٌ: وسَمِعْتُ أنَّهُ إذا خَرَجَ الجَنِينُ مِن بَطْنِ أُمِّهِ حَيًّا ثُمَّ ماتَ أنَّ فِيهِ الدِّيَةَ كامِلَةً۔ قالَ مالِكٌ ولاَ حَياةَ لِلْجَنِينِ إلاَّ بِاسْتِهْلاَلٍ. فَإذا خَرَجَ مِن بَطْنِ أُمِّهِ فاسْتَهَلَّ ثُمَّ ماتَ فَفِيهِ الدِّيَةُ كامِلَةً. قالَ مالِكٌ: ونَرى أنَّ فِي جَنِينِ الأمَةِ عُشْرَ ثَمَنِ أُمِّهِ. قالَ مالِكٌ: وإذا قَتَلَتِ المَرْأةُ رَجُلًا أوِ امْرَأةً عَمْدًا. والَّتِي قَتَلَتْ حامِلٌ. لَمْ يُقَدْ مِنها حَتّى تَضَعَ حَمْلَها. وإنْ قُتِلَتِ المَرْأةُ وهِيَ حامِلٌ، عَمْدًا أوْ خَطَأً فَلَيْسَ عَلى مَن قَتَلَها فِي جَنِينِها شَيْءٌ. إنْ قُتِلَتْ عَمْدًا قُتِلَ الَّذِي قَتَلَها. ولَيْسَ فِي جَنِينِها دِيَةٌ. وإنْ قُتِلَتْ خَطَأً فَعَلى عاقِلَةِ قاتِلِها دِيَتُها. ولَيْسَ فِي جَنِينِها دِيَةٌ. وسُئِلَ مالِكٌ، عَنْ جَنِينِ اليَهُودِيَّةِ والنَّصْرانِيَّةِ تُطْرَحُ. فَقالَ: أرى أنَّ فِيهِ عُشْرَ دِيَةِ أُمِّهِ۔
Yahya related to me from Malik that Rabia ibn Abi Abd ar-Rahman said, "The slave of fair complexion and excellence is estimated at fifty dinars or six hundred dirhams. The blood-money of a free muslim woman is five hundred dinars or six thousand dirhams." Malik said, "The blood-money of the foetus of a free woman is a tenth of her blood-money. The tenth is fifty dinars or six hundred dirhams." Malik said, "I have not heard anyone dispute that there is no slave in compensation for the foetus until it leaves its mother's womb and falls still-born from her womb. " Malik said, "I heard that if the foetus comes out of its mother's womb alive and then dies, the full blood-money is due for it." Malik said, "The foetus is not alive unless it cries at birth. If it comes out of its mother's womb and cries out and then dies, the complete blood-money is due for it. We think that the slave- girl's foetus has a tenth of the price of the slave-girl." Malik said, "When a woman murders a man or woman, and the murderess is pregnant, retaliation is not taken against her until she has given birth. If a woman who is pregnant is killed intentionally or unintentionally, the one who killed her is not obliged to pay anything for her foetus. If she is murdered, then the one who killed her is killed and there is no blood-money for her foetus. If she is killed accidentally, the tribe obliged to pay on behalf of her killer pays her blood-money, and there is no blood-money for the foetus." Yahya related to me, "Malik was asked about the foetus of the christian or jewish woman which was aborted. He said, 'I think that there is a tenth of the blood-money of the mother for it.' "
Muwatta' Malik 1564Shahih
فِي الشَّفَتَيْنِ الدِّيَةُ كَامِلَةً فَإِذَا قُطِعَتِ السُّفْلَى فَفِيهَا ثُلُثَا الدِّيَةِ
Telah menceritakan kepadaku Yahya dari Malik dari [Ibnu Syihab] dari [Sa'id bin Musayyab] Bahwasanya ia berkata tentang diyat dua bibir, "Diatnya adalah diyat yang sempurna, jika dipotong bawahnya saja maka membayar sepertiga diyat
Muwatta' Malik 1565Penilai berbeda pendapat
سَأَلَ ابْنَ شِهَابٍ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ الأَعْوَرِ يَفْقَأُ عَيْنَ الصَّحِيحِ فَقَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ إِنْ أَحَبَّ الصَّحِيحُ أَنْ يَسْتَقِيدَ مِنْهُ فَلَهُ الْقَوَدُ وَإِنْ أَحَبَّ فَلَهُ الدِّيَةُ أَلْفُ دِينَارٍ أَوِ اثْنَا عَشَرَ أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ وَحَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى عَنْ مَالِكٍ أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ أَنَّ فِي كُلِّ زَوْجٍ مِنَ الإِنْسَانِ الدِّيَةَ كَامِلَةً وَأَنَّ فِي اللِّسَانِ الدِّيَةَ كَامِلَةً وَأَنَّ فِي الأُذُنَيْنِ إِذَا ذَهَبَ سَمْعُهُمَا الدِّيَةَ كَامِلَةً اصْطُلِمَتَا أَوْ لَمْ تُصْطَلَمَا وَفِي ذَكَرِ الرَّجُلِ الدِّيَةُ كَامِلَةً وَفِي الأُنْثَيَيْنِ الدِّيَةُ كَامِلَةً وَحَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى عَنْ مَالِكٍ أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ أَنَّ فِي ثَدْيَىِ الْمَرْأَةِ الدِّيَةَ كَامِلَةً قَالَ مَالِكٌ وَأَخَفُّ ذَلِكَ عِنْدِي الْحَاجِبَانِ وَثَدْيَا الرَّجُلِ قَالَ مَالِكٌ الأَمْرُ عِنْدَنَا أَنَّ الرَّجُلَ إِذَا أُصِيبَ مِنْ أَطْرَافِهِ أَكْثَرُ مِنْ دِيَتِهِ فَذَلِكَ لَهُ إِذَا أُصِيبَتْ يَدَاهُ وَرِجْلاَهُ وَعَيْنَاهُ فَلَهُ ثَلاَثُ دِيَاتٍ قَالَ مَالِكٌ فِي عَيْنِ الأَعْوَرِ الصَّحِيحَةِ إِذَا فُقِئَتْ خَطَأً إِنَّ فِيهَا الدِّيَةَ كَامِلَةً
Telah menceritakan kepadaku Yahya dari Malik dia bertanya kepada [Ibnu Syihab] tentang seorang laki-laki buta mencongkel mata orang lain. Ibnu Syihab berkata; "Jika yang di congkel ingin membalasnya maka itu adalah haknya, jika dia ingin agar dibayar dengan diyat maka diyatnya adalah seribu dinar atau duabelas ribu dirham
Muwatta' Malik 1566Shahih
أَنَّ زَيْدَ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ كَانَ يَقُولُ فِي الْعَيْنِ الْقَائِمَةِ إِذَا طَفِئَتْ مِائَةُ دِينَارٍ قَالَ يَحْيَى وَسُئِلَ مَالِكٌ عَنْ شَتَرِ الْعَيْنِ وَحِجَاجِ الْعَيْنِ فَقَالَ لَيْسَ فِي ذَلِكَ إِلاَّ الاِجْتِهَادُ إِلاَّ أَنْ يَنْقُصَ بَصَرُ الْعَيْنِ فَيَكُونُ لَهُ بِقَدْرِ مَا نَقَصَ مِنْ بَصَرِ الْعَيْنِ قَالَ يَحْيَى قَالَ مَالِكٌ الأَمْرُ عِنْدَنَا فِي الْعَيْنِ الْقَائِمَةِ الْعَوْرَاءِ إِذَا طَفِئَتْ وَفِي الْيَدِ الشَّلاَّءِ إِذَا قُطِعَتْ إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ فِي ذَلِكَ إِلاَّ الاِجْتِهَادُ وَلَيْسَ فِي ذَلِكَ عَقْلٌ مُسَمًّى
Telah menceritakan kepadaku Yahya dari Malik dari [Yahya bin Sa'id] dari [Sulaiman bin Yasar] bahwa [Zaid bin Tsabit] berkata tentang mata yang tidak dapat melihat setelah dilukai, "Diyatnya seratus Dinar
Muwatta' Malik 1567Shahih
أَنَّ الْمُوضِحَةَ فِي الْوَجْهِ مِثْلُ الْمُوضِحَةِ فِي الرَّأْسِ إِلاَّ أَنْ تَعِيبَ الْوَجْهَ فَيُزَادُ فِي عَقْلِهَا مَا بَيْنَهَا وَبَيْنَ عَقْلِ نِصْفِ الْمُوضِحَةِ فِي الرَّأْسِ فَيَكُونُ فِيهَا خَمْسَةٌ وَسَبْعُونَ دِينَارًا
Yahya related to me from Malik that Yahya ibn Said heard Sulayman ibn Yasar mention that a face wound in which the bone was bared was like a head wound in which the bone was bared, unless the face was scarred by the wound. Then the blood-money is increased by one half of the blood-money of the head wound in which the skin was bared so that seventy five dinars are payable for it. Malik said, "What is done in our community is that the head wound with splinters has fifteen camels." He explained, "The head wound with splinters is that from which pieces of bone fly off and which does not reach the brain. It can be in the head or the face." Malik said, "The generally agreed on way of doing things in our community, is that there is no retaliation for a wound to the brain or a belly wound, and Ibn Shihab has said, 'There is no retaliation for a wound to the brain.' " Malik explained, "The wound to the brain is what pierces the bones to the brain. This type of wound only occurs in the head. It is that which reaches the brain when the bones are pierced." Malik said, "What is done in our community is that there is no blood-money paid on any head wound less than one which lays bare the skull. Blood-money is payable only for the head wound that bares the bone and what is worse than that. That is because the Messenger of Allah ﷺ stopped at the head wound which bared the bone in his letter to Amr ibn Hazm. He made it five camels. The imams, past and present, have not made any blood- money payable for injuries less than the head wound which bares the bone."
Muwatta' Malik 1568Shahih
كُلُّ نَافِذَةٍ فِي عُضْوٍ مِنَ الأَعْضَاءِ فَفِيهَا ثُلُثُ عَقْلِ ذَلِكَ الْعُضْوِ
Telah menceritakan kepadaku Yahya dari Malik dari [Yahya bin Sa'id] dari [Sa'id bin Musayyab] berkata; "Setiap luka yang ada pada anggota badan, maka diatnya adalah sepertiga diat anggota badan tersebut." Telah menceritakan kepadaku Malik berkata, " [Ibnu Syihab] tidak berpendapat demikian
Muwatta' Malik 1569Shahih
حَدَّثَنِي مَالِكٌ كَانَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ لاَ يَرَى ذَلِكَ وَأَنَا لاَ أَرَى فِي نَافِذَةٍ فِي عُضْوٍ مِنَ الأَعْضَاءِ فِي الْجَسَدِ أَمْرًا مُجْتَمَعًا عَلَيْهِ وَلَكِنِّي أَرَى فِيهَا الاِجْتِهَادَ يَجْتَهِدُ الإِمَامُ فِي ذَلِكَ وَلَيْسَ فِي ذَلِكَ أَمْرٌ مُجْتَمَعٌ عَلَيْهِ عِنْدَنَا قَالَ مَالِكٌ الأَمْرُ عِنْدَنَا أَنَّ الْمَأْمُومَةَ وَالْمُنَقَّلَةَ وَالْمُوضِحَةَ لاَ تَكُونُ إِلاَّ فِي الْوَجْهِ وَالرَّأْسِ فَمَا كَانَ فِي الْجَسَدِ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَلَيْسَ فِيهِ إِلاَّ الاِجْتِهَادُ قَالَ مَالِكٌ فَلاَ أَرَى اللَّحْىَ الأَسْفَلَ وَالأَنْفَ مِنَ الرَّأْسِ فِي جِرَاحِهِمَا لأَنَّهُمَا عَظْمَانِ مُنْفَرِدَانِ وَالرَّأْسُ بَعْدَهُمَا عَظْمٌ وَاحِدٌ
Malik related to me, "Ibn Shihab did not think and nor do I, that there is a generally agreed on way of doing things regarding a piercing wound in any of the organs or limbs of the body, but I think that there is ijtihad in the case. The imam uses ijtihad in it, and there is no generally agreed on way of doing things in our community about it." Malik said, "What is done in our community about the wound to the brain and the wound which splinters the bone, and the wound that bares the bone is that they apply only to the head and face. Whatever of that occurs in the body only has ijtihad in it." Malik said, "I do not think the lower jaw and the nose are part of the head in their injury because they are separate bones, and except for them the head is one bone."
Muwatta' Malik 1570Penilai berbeda pendapat
أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ أَقَادَ مِنَ الْمُنَقَّلَةِ
Telah menceritakan kepadaku Yahya dari Malik dari [Rabi'ah bin Abu Abdurrahman] bahwa [Abdullah bin Az Zubair] membalas luka yang menyebabkan pecahnya tulang
Muwatta' Malik 1571Shahih
سَأَلْتُ سَعِيدَ بْنَ الْمُسَيَّبِ كَمْ فِي إِصْبَعِ الْمَرْأَةِ فَقَالَ عَشْرٌ مِنَ الإِبِلِ فَقُلْتُ كَمْ فِي إِصْبَعَيْنِ قَالَ عِشْرُونَ مِنَ الإِبِلِ فَقُلْتُ كَمْ فِي ثَلاَثٍ فَقَالَ ثَلاَثُونَ مِنَ الإِبِلِ فَقُلْتُ كَمْ فِي أَرْبَعٍ قَالَ عِشْرُونَ مِنَ الإِبِلِ فَقُلْتُ حِينَ عَظُمَ جُرْحُهَا وَاشْتَدَّتْ مُصِيبَتُهَا نَقَصَ عَقْلُهَا فَقَالَ سَعِيدٌ أَعِرَاقِيٌّ أَنْتَ فَقُلْتُ بَلْ عَالِمٌ مُتَثَبِّتٌ أَوْ جَاهِلٌ مُتَعَلِّمٌ فَقَالَ سَعِيدٌ هِيَ السُّنَّةُ يَا ابْنَ أَخِي
Telah menceritakan kepadaku Yahya dari Malik dari [Rabi'ah bin Abu Abdurrahman] berkata; "Aku bertanya kepada [Sa'id bin Musayyab]; 'Berapa diyat untuk jari seorang wanita? ' Dia menjawab; 'Sepuluh ekor unta." Saya bertanya lagi; "Berapa untuk dua jari?" dia menjawab; "Dua puluh ekor unta." Saya bertanya lagi; "Berapa untuk tiga jari?" dia menjawab; "Tiga puluh ekor unta." Saya bertanya; "Berapa untuk empat jari?" dia menjawab; "Dua puluh ekor unta?" Aku bertanya; "Bagaimana jika semakin besar lukanya dan parah sakitnya, apakah berkurang diyatnya, " Sa'id bertanya; "Apakah kamu orang Iraq?" Aku menjawab; "Tidak, tapi aku hanyalah seorang 'alim yang ingin mencari kepastian dan seorang bodoh yang ingin belajar." Said berkata; "Itu adalah sunnah, Wahai anak saudaraku
Muwatta' Malik 1572Shahih
أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ قَضَى فِي الضِّرْسِ بِجَمَلٍ وَفِي التَّرْقُوَةِ بِجَمَلٍ وَفِي الضِّلَعِ بِجَمَلٍ
Telah menceritakan kepadaku Yahya dari Malik dari [Zaid bin Aslam] dari [Muslim bin Jundub] dari [Aslam] bekas budak Umar bin Khattab, bahwa [Umar bin Khattab] memutuskan untuk diyat gigi geraham dengan seekor unta, diyat tulang selangka dengan seekor unta dan diyat tulang rusuk dengan seekor unta
Muwatta' Malik 1573Shahih
يَقُولُ قَضَى عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ فِي الأَضْرَاسِ بِبَعِيرٍ بَعِيرٍ وَقَضَى مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ فِي الأَضْرَاسِ بِخَمْسَةِ أَبْعِرَةٍ خَمْسَةِ أَبْعِرَةٍ قَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيَّبِ فَالدِّيَةُ تَنْقُصُ فِي قَضَاءِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ وَتَزِيدُ فِي قَضَاءِ مُعَاوِيَةَ فَلَوْ كُنْتُ أَنَا لَجَعَلْتُ فِي الأَضْرَاسِ بَعِيرَيْنِ بَعِيرَيْنِ فَتِلْكَ الدِّيَةُ سَوَاءٌ وَكُلُّ مُجْتَهِدٍ مَأْجُورٌ
Telah menceritakan kepadaku Yahya dari Malik dari [Yahya bin Sa'id] bahwa ia mendengar [Sa'id bin Musayyab] berkata, " [Umar bin Khattab] memutuskan dalam perkara diyat gigi geraham dengan seekor unta seekor unta. Sedangkan [Mu'awiyah bin Abu Sufyan] memutuskan dengan lima ekor unta lima ekor unta." Sa'id bin Musayyab berkata; "Diyat berkurang dalam putusan Umar bin Khattab dan bertambah dalam putusan Mu'awiyah, jika aku yang memutuskan maka akan aku jadikan untuk diyat gigi geraham dua ekor unta dua ekor unta. Diyat tersebut adalah sama dan setiap mujtahid akan mendapatkan pahala
Muwatta' Malik 1574Shahih
إِذَا أُصِيبَتِ السِّنُّ فَاسْوَدَّتْ فَفِيهَا عَقْلُهَا تَامًّا فَإِنْ طُرِحَتْ بَعْدَ أَنْ تَسْوَدَّ فَفِيهَا عَقْلُهَا أَيْضًا تَامًّا
Telah menceritakan kepadaku Yahya dari Malik dari [Yahya bin Sa'id] dari [Sa'id bin Musayyab] ia berkata; "Jika semua gigi yang ada terkena sampai menghitam maka diyatnya sempurna, jika gigi tersebut rontok setelah menghitam maka diyatnya juga sempurna
Muwatta' Malik 1575Shahih
أَنَّ مَرْوَانَ بْنَ الْحَكَمِ بَعَثَهُ إِلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ يَسْأَلُهُ مَاذَا فِي الضِّرْسِ فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبَّاسٍ فِيهِ خَمْسٌ مِنَ الإِبِلِ قَالَ فَرَدَّنِي مَرْوَانُ إِلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فَقَالَ أَتَجْعَلُ مُقَدَّمَ الْفَمِ مِثْلَ الأَضْرَاسِ فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبَّاسٍ لَوْ لَمْ تَعْتَبِرْ ذَلِكَ إِلاَّ بِالأَصَابِعِ عَقْلُهَا سَوَاءٌ
Telah menceritakan kepadaku Yahya dari Malik dari [Daud bin Al Hushain] dari [Abu Ghathafan bin Tharif Al Muri] Bahwasanya ia mengabarkan kepadanya, bahwa Marwan bin Hakam mengutusnya kepada Abdullah bin 'Abbas, untuk menanyakan diyat gigi geraham. Lalu [Abdullah bin Abbas] menjawab; "Diyatnya adalah lima ekor unta." Abu Ghathafan berkata; "Lalu Marwan kembali menyuruhku menmui Abdullah bin Abbas untuk menanyakan; "Apakah engkau menyamakan antara mulut bagian depan dengan diyat gigi geraham? ' Abdullah bin Abbas menjawab; "Jika engkau tidak membandingkan (melogikanya) selain dengan jari jemari, maka diyatnya pun sama
Muwatta' Malik 1576Shahih
كَانَ يُسَوِّي بَيْنَ الأَسْنَانِ فِي الْعَقْلِ وَلاَ يُفَضِّلُ بَعْضَهَا عَلَى بَعْضٍ
Telah menceritakan kepadaku Yahya dari Malik dari [Hisyam bin 'Urwah] dari [Bapaknya] bahwasanya ia menyamakan diyat semua gigi-gigi dan tidak melebihkan antara satu dengan yang lain
Muwatta' Malik 1577Penilai berbeda pendapat
أَنَّ سَعِيدَ بْنَ الْمُسَيَّبِ وَسُلَيْمَانَ بْنَ يَسَارٍ كَانَا يَقُولاَنِ فِي مُوضِحَةِ الْعَبْدِ نِصْفُ عُشْرِ ثَمَنِهِ
Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that Said ibn al-Musayyab and Sulayman ibn Yasar said, "The head wound of the slave in which the bone is bared is a twentieth of his price."
Muwatta' Malik 1578Penilai berbeda pendapat
أَنَّ مَرْوَانَ بْنَ الْحَكَمِ كَانَ يَقْضِي فِي الْعَبْدِ يُصَابُ بِالْجِرَاحِ أَنَّ عَلَى مَنْ جَرَحَهُ قَدْرَ مَا نَقَصَ مِنْ ثَمَنِ الْعَبْدِ قَالَ مَالِكٌ وَالأَمْرُ عِنْدَنَا أَنَّ فِي مُوضِحَةِ الْعَبْدِ نِصْفَ عُشْرِ ثَمَنِهِ وَفِي مُنَقَّلَتِهِ الْعُشْرُ وَنِصْفُ الْعُشْرِ مِنْ ثَمَنِهِ وَفِي مَأْمُومَتِهِ وَجَائِفَتِهِ فِي كُلِّ وَاحِدَةٍ مِنْهُمَا ثُلُثُ ثَمَنِهِ وَفِيمَا سِوَى هَذِهِ الْخِصَالِ الأَرْبَعِ مِمَّا يُصَابُ بِهِ الْعَبْدُ مَا نَقَصَ مِنْ ثَمَنِهِ يُنْظَرُ فِي ذَلِكَ بَعْدَ مَا يَصِحُّ الْعَبْدُ وَيَبْرَأُ كَمْ بَيْنَ قِيمَةِ الْعَبْدِ بَعْدَ أَنْ أَصَابَهُ الْجُرْحُ وَقِيمَتِهِ صَحِيحًا قَبْلَ أَنْ يُصِيبَهُ هَذَا ثُمَّ يَغْرَمُ الَّذِي أَصَابَهُ مَا بَيْنَ الْقِيمَتَيْنِ. قَالَ مَالِكٌ فِي الْعَبْدِ إِذَا كُسِرَتْ يَدُهُ أَوْ رِجْلُهُ ثُمَّ صَحَّ كَسْرُهُ فَلَيْسَ عَلَى مَنْ أَصَابَهُ شَىْءٌ فَإِنْ أَصَابَ كَسْرَهُ ذَلِكَ نَقْصٌ أَوْ عَثَلٌ كَانَ عَلَى مَنْ أَصَابَهُ قَدْرُ مَا نَقَصَ مِنْ ثَمَنِ الْعَبْدِ قَالَ مَالِكٌ الأَمْرُ عِنْدَنَا فِي الْقِصَاصِ بَيْنَ الْمَمَالِيكِ كَهَيْئَةِ قِصَاصِ الأَحْرَارِ نَفْسُ الأَمَةِ بِنَفْسِ الْعَبْدِ وَجُرْحُهَا بِجُرْحِهِ فَإِذَا قَتَلَ الْعَبْدُ عَبْدًا عَمْدًا خُيِّرَ سَيِّدُ الْعَبْدِ الْمَقْتُولِ فَإِنْ شَاءَ قَتَلَ وَإِنْ شَاءَ أَخَذَ الْعَقْلَ فَإِنْ أَخَذَ الْعَقْلَ أَخَذَ قِيمَةَ عَبْدِهِ وَإِنْ شَاءَ رَبُّ الْعَبْدِ الْقَاتِلِ أَنْ يُعْطِيَ ثَمَنَ الْعَبْدِ الْمَقْتُولِ فَعَلَ وَإِنْ شَاءَ أَسْلَمَ عَبْدَهُ فَإِذَا أَسْلَمَهُ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ غَيْرُ ذَلِكَ وَلَيْسَ لِرَبِّ الْعَبْدِ الْمَقْتُولِ إِذَا أَخَذَ الْعَبْدَ الْقَاتِلَ وَرَضِيَ بِهِ أَنْ يَقْتُلَهُ وَذَلِكَ فِي الْقِصَاصِ كُلِّهِ بَيْنَ الْعَبِيدِ فِي قَطْعِ الْيَدِ وَالرِّجْلِ وَأَشْبَاهِ ذَلِكَ بِمَنْزِلَتِهِ فِي الْقَتْلِ قَالَ مَالِكٌ فِي الْعَبْدِ الْمُسْلِمِ يَجْرَحُ الْيَهُودِيَّ أَوِ النَّصْرَانِيَّ إِنَّ سَيِّدَ الْعَبْدِ إِنْ شَاءَ أَنْ يَعْقِلَ عَنْهُ مَا قَدْ أَصَابَ فَعَلَ أَوْ أَسْلَمَهُ فَيُبَاعُ فَيُعْطِي الْيَهُودِيَّ أَوِ النَّصْرَانِيَّ مِنْ ثَمَنِ الْعَبْدِ دِيَةَ جُرْحِهِ أَوْ ثَمَنَهُ كُلَّهُ إِنْ أَحَاطَ بِثَمَنِهِ وَلاَ يُعْطِي الْيَهُودِيَّ وَلاَ النَّصْرَانِيَّ عَبْدًا مُسْلِمًا
Malik related to me that he had heard that Marwan ibn al-Hakam gave a decision about a slave who was injured that the person who injured him had to pay what he had diminished of the value of the slave. Malik said, "What is done in our community is that for the head wound of a slave that bares the bone, there is a twentieth of his price. The head wound which splinters the bone is three twentieths of his price. Both the wound to the brain and the belly wound are a third of his price. Besides these four, any other types of injury that decrease the price of the slave are considered after the slave is better and well, and one sees what the value of the slave is after his injury and what his value whole was before he had the injury. Then the one who injured him pays the difference between the two values."
Muwatta' Malik 1579Shahih
أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ قَضَى أَنَّ دِيَةَ الْيَهُودِيِّ أَوِ النَّصْرَانِيِّ إِذَا قُتِلَ أَحَدُهُمَا مِثْلُ نِصْفِ دِيَةِ الْحُرِّ الْمُسْلِمِ قَالَ مَالِكٌ الأَمْرُ عِنْدَنَا أَنْ لاَ يُقْتَلَ مُسْلِمٌ بِكَافِرٍ إِلاَّ أَنْ يَقْتُلَهُ مُسْلِمٌ قَتْلَ غِيْلَةٍ فَيُقْتَلُ بِهِ
Yahya related to me from Malik that he heard that Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz gave a decision that when a jew or christian was killed, his blood-money was half the blood-money of a free muslim. Malik said, "What is done in our community, is that a muslim is not killed for a kafir unless the muslim kills him by deceit. Then he is killed for it."
Muwatta' Malik 1580Shahih
دِيَةُ الْمَجُوسِيِّ ثَمَانِي مِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ
Telah menceritakan kepadaku Yahya dari Malik dari [Yahya bin Sa'id] bahwa [Sulaiman bin Yasar] berkata; "Diyat bagi orang Majusi adalah delapan ratus dirham
Muwatta' Malik 1581Shahih
لَيْسَ عَلَى الْعَاقِلَةِ عَقْلٌ فِي قَتْلِ الْعَمْدِ إِنَّمَا عَلَيْهِمْ عَقْلُ قَتْلِ الْخَطَإِ
Telah menceritakan kepadaku Yahya dari Malik dari [Hisyam bin 'Urwah] dari [Bapaknya] berkata; "Al Aqilah tidak wajib membayar diat pada pembunuhan sengaja, tetapi mereka hanya membayar pada pembunuhan karena kesalahan
Muwatta' Malik 1582Shahih
مَضَتِ السُّنَّةُ أَنَّ الْعَاقِلَةَ لاَ تَحْمِلُ شَيْئًا مِنْ دِيَةِ الْعَمْدِ إِلاَّ أَنْ يَشَاءُوا ذَلِكَ وَحَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى عَنْ مَالِكٍ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ
Telah menceritakan kepadaku Yahya dari Malik dari [Ibnu Syihab] berkata; "Sudah menjadi sesuatu yang lazim (dalam sunah) bahwa Al Aqilah tidak terbebani oleh diat pembunuhan yang disengaja, kecuali jika bersedia." Telah menceritakan kepadaku Yahya dari Malik dari [Yahya bin Sa'id] seperti hadits tersebut
Muwatta' Malik 1584Shahih
مَضَتِ السُّنَّةُ فِي قَتْلِ الْعَمْدِ حِينَ يَعْفُو أَوْلِيَاءُ الْمَقْتُولِ أَنَّ الدِّيَةَ تَكُونُ عَلَى الْقَاتِلِ فِي مَالِهِ خَاصَّةً إِلاَّ أَنْ تُعِينَهُ الْعَاقِلَةُ عَنْ طِيبِ نَفْسٍ مِنْهَا قَالَ مَالِكٌ وَالأَمْرُ عِنْدَنَا أَنَّ الدِّيَةَ لاَ تَجِبُ عَلَى الْعَاقِلَةِ حَتَّى تَبْلُغَ الثُّلُثَ فَصَاعِدًا فَمَا بَلَغَ الثُّلُثَ فَهُوَ عَلَى الْعَاقِلَةِ وَمَا كَانَ دُونَ الثُّلُثِ فَهُوَ فِي مَالِ الْجَارِحِ خَاصَّةً قَالَ مَالِكٌ الأَمْرُ الَّذِي لاَ اخْتِلاَفَ فِيهِ عِنْدَنَا فِيمَنْ قُبِلَتْ مِنْهُ الدِّيَةُ فِي قَتْلِ الْعَمْدِ أَوْ فِي شَىْءٍ مِنَ الْجِرَاحِ الَّتِي فِيهَا الْقِصَاصُ أَنَّ عَقْلَ ذَلِكَ لاَ يَكُونُ عَلَى الْعَاقِلَةِ إِلاَّ أَنْ يَشَاءُوا وَإِنَّمَا عَقْلُ ذَلِكَ فِي مَالِ الْقَاتِلِ أَوِ الْجَارِحِ خَاصَّةً إِنْ وُجِدَ لَهُ مَالٌ فَإِنْ لَمْ يُوجَدْ لَهُ مَالٌ كَانَ دَيْنًا عَلَيْهِ وَلَيْسَ عَلَى الْعَاقِلَةِ مِنْهُ شَىْءٌ إِلاَّ أَنْ يَشَاءُوا قَالَ مَالِكٌ وَلاَ تَعْقِلُ الْعَاقِلَةُ أَحَدًا أَصَابَ نَفْسَهُ عَمْدًا أَوْ خَطَأً بِشَىْءٍ وَعَلَى ذَلِكَ رَأْىُ أَهْلِ الْفِقْهِ عِنْدَنَا وَلَمْ أَسْمَعْ أَنَّ أَحَدًا ضَمَّنَ الْعَاقِلَةَ مِنْ دِيَةِ الْعَمْدِ شَيْئًا وَمِمَّا يُعْرَفُ بِهِ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى قَالَ فِي كِتَابِهِ فَمَنْ عُفِيَ لَهُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ شَىْءٌ فَاتِّبَاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَأَدَاءٌ إِلَيْهِ بِإِحْسَانٍ فَتَفْسِيرُ ذَلِكَ فِيمَا نُرَى وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ مَنْ أُعْطِيَ مِنْ أَخِيهِ شَىْءٌ مِنَ الْعَقْلِ فَلْيَتْبَعْهُ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَلْيُؤَدِّ إِلَيْهِ بِإِحْسَانٍ قَالَ مَالِكٌ فِي الصَّبِيِّ الَّذِي لاَ مَالَ لَهُ وَالْمَرْأَةِ الَّتِي لاَ مَالَ لَهَا إِذَا جَنَى أَحَدُهُمَا جِنَايَةً دُونَ الثُّلُثِ إِنَّهُ ضَامِنٌ عَلَى الصَّبِيِّ وَالْمَرْأَةِ فِي مَالِهِمَا خَاصَّةً إِنْ كَانَ لَهُمَا مَالٌ أُخِذَ مِنْهُ وَإِلاَّ فَجِنَايَةُ كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا دَيْنٌ عَلَيْهِ لَيْسَ عَلَى الْعَاقِلَةِ مِنْهُ شَىْءٌ وَلاَ يُؤْخَذُ أَبُو الصَّبِيِّ بِعَقْلِ جِنَايَةِ الصَّبِيِّ وَلَيْسَ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ مَالِكٌ الأَمْرُ عِنْدَنَا الَّذِي لاَ اخْتِلاَفَ فِيهِ أَنَّ الْعَبْدَ إِذَا قُتِلَ كَانَتْ فِيهِ الْقِيمَةُ يَوْمَ يُقْتَلُ وَلاَ تَحْمِلُ عَاقِلَةُ قَاتِلِهِ مِنْ قِيمَةِ الْعَبْدِ شَيْئًا قَلَّ أَوْ كَثُرَ وَإِنَّمَا ذَلِكَ عَلَى الَّذِي أَصَابَهُ فِي مَالِهِ خَاصَّةً بَالِغًا مَا بَلَغَ وَإِنْ كَانَتْ قِيمَةُ الْعَبْدِ الدِّيَةَ أَوْ أَكْثَرَ فَذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِ فِي مَالِهِ وَذَلِكَ لأَنَّ الْعَبْدَ سِلْعَةٌ مِنَ السِّلَعِ
Malik said that Ibn Shihab said, "The precedent of the sunna in the intentional murder is that when the relatives of the murdered person relinquish retaliation, the blood-money is owed by the murderer from his own property unless the tribe helps him with it willingly." Malik said, "What is done in our community is that the blood- money is not obliged against the tribe until it has reached a third of the full amount and upwards. Whatever reaches a third is against the tribe, and whatever is below a third, is against the property of the one who did the injury." Malik said, "The way of doing things about which there is no dispute among us, in the case of someone who has the blood-money accepted from him in intentional murder or in any injury in which there is retaliation, is that that blood-money is not due from the tribe unless they wish it. The blood-money for that is from the property of the murderer or the injurer if he has property. If he does not have any property, it is a debt against him, and none of it is owed by the tribe unless they wish." Malik said, "The tribe does not pay blood-money to anyone who injures himself, intentionally or accidentally. This is the opinion of the people of fiqh in our community. I have not heard that anyone has made the tribe liable for any blood-money incurred by intentional acts. Part of what is well-known of that is that Allah, the Blessed, and the Exalted, said in His Book, 'Whoever has something pardoned him by his brother, should follow it with what is accepted and pay it with good will' (Sura 2 ayat 178) The commentary on that - in our view - and Allah knows best, is that whoever gives his brother something of the blood- money, should follow it with what is accepted and pay him with good will." Malik spoke about a child who had no property and a woman who had no property. He said, "When one of them causes an injury below a third of the blood-money, it is taken on behalf of the child and woman from their personal property, if they have property from which it may be taken. If not, the injury which each of them has caused is a debt against them. The tribe does not have to pay any of it and the father of a child is not liable for the blood-money of an injury caused by the child and he is not responsible for it." Malik said, "The way of doing things in our community about which there is no dispute, is that when a slave is killed, the value for him is that of the day on which he was killed. The tribe of the murderer is not liable for any of the value of the slave, great or small. That is the responsibility of the one who struck him from his own personal property as far as it covers. If the value of the slave is the blood- money or more, that is against him in his property. That is because the slave is a certain type of goods."
Muwatta' Malik 1585Shahih
أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ نَشَدَ النَّاسَ بِمِنًى مَنْ كَانَ عِنْدَهُ عِلْمٌ مِنَ الدِّيَةِ أَنْ يُخْبِرَنِي فَقَامَ الضَّحَّاكُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ الْكِلاَبِيُّ فَقَالَ كَتَبَ إِلَىَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ أُوَرِّثَ امْرَأَةَ أَشْيَمَ الضِّبَابِيِّ مِنْ دِيَةِ زَوْجِهَا فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ادْخُلِ الْخِبَاءَ حَتَّى آتِيَكَ فَلَمَّا نَزَلَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ أَخْبَرَهُ الضَّحَّاكُ فَقَضَى بِذَلِكَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ
Telah menceritakan kepadaku Yahya dari Malik dari [Ibnu Syihab] bahwa [Umar bin Khattab] menyerukan kepada orang-orang di Mina; "Barangsiapa memiliki ilmu tentang diyat agar mengabariku." Lalu [Dlahak bin Sufyan Al Kilabi] berdiri dan berkata; "Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam menulis untukku agar aku memberikan warisan kepada isteri Asyyam Adl Dlibabi dari diyat suaminya." Umar bin Khattab berkata kepadanya; "Kalau begitu masuklah ke dalam tenda hingga aku menemuimu." Ketika Umar bin Khattab turun, Dlahak pun mengabarkan hal itu hingga Umar bin Al Khattab memberi putusan dengan apa yang disampaikan olehnya. Ibnu Syihab berkata; "Pembunuhan terhadap Asyyam terjadi karena kesalahan
Muwatta' Malik 1586Penilai berbeda pendapat
أَنَّ رَجُلاً مِنْ بَنِي مُدْلِجٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ قَتَادَةُ حَذَفَ ابْنَهُ بِالسَّيْفِ فَأَصَابَ سَاقَهُ فَنُزِيَ فِي جُرْحِهِ فَمَاتَ فَقَدِمَ سُرَاقَةُ بْنُ جُعْشُمٍ عَلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لَهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ اعْدُدْ عَلَى مَاءِ قُدَيْدٍ عِشْرِينَ وَمِائَةَ بَعِيرٍ حَتَّى أَقْدَمَ عَلَيْكَ فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ إِلَيْهِ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ أَخَذَ مِنْ تِلْكَ الإِبِلِ ثَلاَثِينَ حِقَّةً وَثَلاَثِينَ جَذَعَةً وَأَرْبَعِينَ خَلِفَةً ثُمَّ قَالَ أَيْنَ أَخُو الْمَقْتُولِ قَالَ هَا أَنَا ذَا قَالَ خُذْهَا فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ لَيْسَ لِقَاتِلٍ شَىْءٌ
Telah menceritakan kepadaku Malik dari [Yahya bin Sa'id] dari [Amru bin Syu'aib] bahwa seorang laki-laki dari Bani Mudlij yang bernama Qatadah melempar anaknya dengan pedang hingga mengenai kakinya. Darah mengalir dari lukanya hingga menyebabkan kematiannya. Kemudian Suraqah bin Ju'syam menemui Umar bin Khattab dan mengabarkan hal tersebut. [Umar] berkata; "Kumpulkanlah seratus dua puluh unta di air Qudaid hingga aku menemuimu." Ketika Umar menemuinya, Umar langsung mengambil dari unta-unta itu tersebut; tiga puluh ekor hiqqah, tiga puluh ekor jadz'ah dan empat puluh khalifah. Kemudian ia bertanya; "Di mana saudara orang yang terbunuh?" Suraqah menjawab; "Di sini." 'Umar bin Khattab berkata; "Ambillah unta-unta ini. Karena Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam bersabda: "Orang yang membunuh tidak mendapatkan apa-apa
Muwatta' Malik 1587Penilai berbeda pendapat
أَنَّ سَعِيدَ بْنَ الْمُسَيَّبِ وَسُلَيْمَانَ بْنَ يَسَارٍ سُئِلاَ أَتُغَلَّظُ الدِّيَةُ فِي الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ فَقَالاَ لاَ وَلَكِنْ يُزَادُ فِيهَا لِلْحُرْمَةِ فَقِيلَ لِسَعِيدٍ هَلْ يُزَادُ فِي الْجِرَاحِ كَمَا يُزَادُ فِي النَّفْسِ فَقَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ مَالِكٌ أُرَاهُمَا أَرَادَا مِثْلَ الَّذِي صَنَعَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ فِي عَقْلِ الْمُدْلِجِيِّ حِينَ أَصَابَ ابْنَهُ
Malik said that he had heard that Said ibn al-Musayyab and Sulayman ibn Yasar were asked, "Does one deal more harshly in taking the blood-money in the sacred month?" They said, "No. But it is increased in it because of violating the month." It was said to Said, "Does one increase for the wound as one increases for the life?" He said, "Yes." Malik added, "I think that they meant the same as what Umar ibn al-Khattab did with respect to the blood-money of the Mudliji when he struck his son." (i.e. giving 120 camels instead of 100).
Muwatta' Malik 1588Shahih
أَنَّ رَجُلاً مِنَ الأَنْصَارِ يُقَالُ لَهُ أُحَيْحَةُ بْنُ الْجُلاَحِ كَانَ لَهُ عَمٌّ صَغِيرٌ هُوَ أَصْغَرُ مِنْ أُحَيْحَةَ وَكَانَ عِنْدَ أَخْوَالِهِ فَأَخَذَهُ أُحَيْحَةُ فَقَتَلَهُ فَقَالَ أَخْوَالُهُ كُنَّا أَهْلَ ثُمِّهِ وَرُمِّهِ حَتَّى إِذَا اسْتَوَى عَلَى عُمَمِهِ غَلَبَنَا حَقُّ امْرِئٍ فِي عَمِّهِ قَالَ عُرْوَةُ فَلِذَلِكَ لاَ يَرِثُ قَاتِلٌ مَنْ قَتَلَ قَالَ مَالِكٌ الأَمْرُ الَّذِي لاَ اخْتِلاَفَ فِيهِ عِنْدَنَا أَنَّ قَاتِلَ الْعَمْدِ لاَ يَرِثُ مِنْ دِيَةِ مَنْ قَتَلَ شَيْئًا وَلاَ مِنْ مَالِهِ وَلاَ يَحْجُبُ أَحَدًا وَقَعَ لَهُ مِيرَاثٌ وَأَنَّ الَّذِي يَقْتُلُ خَطَأً لاَ يَرِثُ مِنَ الدِّيَةِ شَيْئًا وَقَدِ اخْتُلِفَ فِي أَنْ يَرِثَ مِنْ مَالِهِ لأَنَّهُ لاَ يُتَّهَمُ عَلَى أَنَّهُ قَتَلَهُ لِيَرِثَهُ وَلِيَأْخُذَ مَالَهُ فَأَحَبُّ إِلَىَّ أَنْ يَرِثَ مِنْ مَالِهِ وَلاَ يَرِثُ مِنْ دِيَتِهِ
Telah menceritakan kepadaku Malik dari [Yahya bin Sa'id] dari ['Urwah bin Zubair] berkata; Seorang laki-laki Anshar yang bernama Uhaihah bin Al Julah mempunyai paman yang umurnya masih muda, bahkan lebih muda di dirinya. Dan paman kecilnya tersebut hidup bersama-sama paman-paman dari keluarga ibunya. Lalu Uhaihah menjemput dan membunuhnya. Para paman dari pihak ibu berkata; "Kami dulu yang mengurusinya sejak kecil, dan ketika dia tumbuh besar dan dewasa, Uhaihah mengambilnya dari kami secara paksa." 'Urwah berkata; "Maka dari itu, seorang pembunuh tidak mewarisi harta orang yang dibunuhnya
Muwatta' Malik 1589Shahih
جَرْحُ الْعَجْمَاءِ جُبَارٌ وَالْبِئْرُ جُبَارٌ وَالْمَعْدِنُ جُبَارٌ وَفِي الرِّكَازِ الْخُمُسُ۔
Telah menceritakan kepadaku Yahya dari Malik dari [Ibnu Syihab] dari [Sa'id bin Musayyab] dan [Abu Salamah bin Abdurrahman] dari [Abu Hurairah] bahwa Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam bersabda: "Pencideraan terhadap binatang tidak dikenakan denda, (pengrusakan terhadap) sumur juga tidak dikenakan denda, (pengrusakan) barang tambang juga tidak dikenakan denda, dan dalam (pengrusakan) harta karun (dikenakan denda) seperlima." Malik berkata; "Penjelasan arti jubar adalah tidak ada diyat di dalamnya
Muwatta' Malik 1590Shahih
أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ قَتَلَ نَفَرًا خَمْسَةً أَوْ سَبْعَةً بِرَجُلٍ وَاحِدٍ قَتَلُوهُ قَتْلَ غِيلَةٍ وَقَالَ عُمَرُ لَوْ تَمَالأَ عَلَيْهِ أَهْلُ صَنْعَاءَ لَقَتَلْتُهُمْ جَمِيعًا
Telah menceritakan kepadaku Yahya dari Malik dari [Yahya bin Sa'id] dari [Sa'id bin Musayyab] bahwa [Umar bin Khattab] membunuh lima atau tujuh orang, sebab mereka telah membunuh seorang laki-laki dengan tipu muslihat. Umar berkata; "Seandainya (seluruh) penduduk Shan'a berkomplot melakukannya, niscaya aku akan membunuh mereka semuanya
Muwatta' Malik 1591Shahih
أَنَّ حَفْصَةَ زَوْجَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَتَلَتْ جَارِيَةً لَهَا سَحَرَتْهَا وَقَدْ كَانَتْ دَبَّرَتْهَا فَأَمَرَتْ بِهَا فَقُتِلَتْ
Telah menceritakan kepadaku Yahya dari Malik dari [Muhammad bin Abdurrahman bin Sa'ad bin Zararah] telah sampai kepadanya, bahwa [Hafsah], isteri Nabi shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam membunuh seorang budak wanitanya yang telah menyihirnya, padahal sebelum itu ia pernah menjanjikannya untuk merdeka jika ia (Hafshah) telah meninggal. Namun Hafshah tetap memerintahkannya hingga budak itu pun dibunuh
Muwatta' Malik 1592Shahih
أَنَّ عَبْدَ الْمَلِكِ بْنَ مَرْوَانَ أَقَادَ وَلِيَّ رَجُلٍ مِنْ رَجُلٍ قَتَلَهُ بِعَصًا فَقَتَلَهُ وَلِيُّهُ بِعَصًا
Telah menceritakan kepadaku Yahya dari Malik dari ['Umar bin Husain] mantan budak Aisyah binti Qudamah, bahwa [Abdul Malik bin Marwan] memberi (wewenang) wali korban pembunuhan yang dilakukan dengan tongkat, untuk membunuhnya (si pelaku) dengan tongkat sebagai balasan
Muwatta' Malik 1593Penilai berbeda pendapat
سَمِعْتُ فِي تَأْوِيلِ هَذِهِ الآيَةِ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى الْحُرُّ بِالْحُرِّ وَالْعَبْدُ بِالْعَبْدِ فَهَؤُلاَءِ الذُّكُورُ وَالأُنْثَى بِالأُنْثَى أَنَّ الْقِصَاصَ يَكُونُ بَيْنَ الإِنَاثِ كَمَا يَكُونُ بَيْنَ الذُّكُورِ وَالْمَرْأَةُ الْحُرَّةُ تُقْتَلُ بِالْمَرْأَةِ الْحُرَّةِ كَمَا يُقْتَلُ الْحُرُّ بِالْحُرِّ وَالأَمَةُ تُقْتَلُ بِالأَمَةِ كَمَا يُقْتَلُ الْعَبْدُ بِالْعَبْدِ وَالْقِصَاصُ يَكُونُ بَيْنَ النِّسَاءِ كَمَا يَكُونُ بَيْنَ الرِّجَالِ وَالْقِصَاصُ أَيْضًا يَكُونُ بَيْنَ الرِّجَالِ وَالنِّسَاءِ وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى قَالَ فِي كِتَابِهِ وَكَتَبْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ فِيهَا أَنَّ النَّفْسَ بِالنَّفْسِ وَالْعَيْنَ بِالْعَيْنِ وَالأَنْفَ بِالأَنْفِ وَالأُذُنَ بِالأُذُنِ وَالسِّنَّ بِالسِّنِّ وَالْجُرُوحَ قِصَاصٌ فَذَكَرَ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى أَنَّ النَّفْسَ بِالنَّفْسِ فَنَفْسُ الْمَرْأَةِ الْحُرَّةِ بِنَفْسِ الرَّجُلِ الْحُرِّ وَجُرْحُهَا بِجُرْحِهِ قَالَ مَالِكٌ فِي الرَّجُلِ يُمْسِكُ الرَّجُلَ لِلرَّجُلِ فَيَضْرِبُهُ فَيَمُوتُ مَكَانَهُ أَنَّهُ إِنْ أَمْسَكَهُ وَهُوَ يَرَى أَنَّهُ يُرِيدُ قَتْلَهُ قُتِلاَ بِهِ جَمِيعًا وَإِنْ أَمْسَكَهُ وَهُوَ يَرَى أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ الضَّرْبَ مِمَّا يَضْرِبُ بِهِ النَّاسُ لاَ يَرَى أَنَّهُ عَمَدَ لِقَتْلِهِ فَإِنَّهُ يُقْتَلُ الْقَاتِلُ وَيُعَاقَبُ الْمُمْسِكُ أَشَدَّ الْعُقُوبَةِ وَيُسْجَنُ سَنَةً لأَنَّهُ أَمْسَكَهُ وَلاَ يَكُونُ عَلَيْهِ الْقَتْلُ قَالَ مَالِكٌ فِي الرَّجُلِ يَقْتُلُ الرَّجُلَ عَمْدًا أَوْ يَفْقَأُ عَيْنَهُ عَمْدًا فَيُقْتَلُ الْقَاتِلُ أَوْ تُفْقَأُ عَيْنُ الْفَاقِئِ قَبْلَ أنْ يُقْتَصَّ مِنهُ: أنَّهُ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ دِيَةٌ ولاَ قِصاصٌ. وإنَّما كانَ حَقُّ الَّذِي قُتِلَ أوْ فُقِئَتْ عَيْنُهُ فِي الشَّيْءِ الَّذِي ذَهَبَ، وإنَّما ذلِكَ بِمَنزِلَةِ الرَّجُلِ يَقْتُلُ الرَّجُلَ عَمْدًا، ثُمَّ يَمُوتُ القاتِلُ. فَلاَ يَكُونُ لِصاحِبِ الدَّمِ، إذا ماتَ القاتِلُ شَيْءٌ دِيَةٌ ولاَ غَيْرُها. وذلِكَ لِقَوْلِ اللهِ تَبارَكَ وتَعالى ﴿كُتِبَ عَلَيكُمُ القِصاصَ فِي القَتْلى الحُرُّ بِالحُرِّ والعَبْدُ بِالعَبْدِ﴾ قالَ مالِكٌ: فَإنَّما يَكُونُ لَهُ القِصاصُ عَلى صاحِبِهِ الَّذِي قَتَلَهُ. فَإذا هَلَكَ قاتِلُهُ الَّذِي قَتَلَهُ، فَلَيْسَ لَهُ قِصاصٌ ولاَ دِيَةٌ. قالَ، قالَ مالِكٌ: لَيْسَ بَيْنَ العَبْدِ والحُرِّ قَوَدٌ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنَ الجِراحِ. والعَبْدُ يُقْتَلُ بِالحُرِّ إذا قَتَلَهُ عَمْدًا. ولاَ يُقْتَلُ الحُرُّ بِالعَبْدِ وإنْ قَتَلَهُ عَمْدًا. وهذا أحْسَنُ ما سَمِعْتُ۔
Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that Marwan ibn al-Hakam wrote to Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan to mention to him that a drunkard was brought to him who had killed a man. Muawiya wrote to him to kill him in retaliation for the dead man. Yahya said that Malik said, "The best of what I have heard on the interpretation of this ayat, the word of Allah, the Blessed, the Exalted, 'The free man for the free man and the slave for the slave - these are men and the woman for the woman,' (Sura 2 ayat 178) is that retaliation is between women as it is between men. The free woman is killed for the free woman as the free man is killed for the free man. The slave-girl is slain for the slave-girl as the slave is slain for the slave. Retaliation is between women as it is between men. That is because Allah, the Blessed, the Exalted, said in His Book, 'We have written for them in it that it is a life for a life and an eye for an eye, a nose for a nose, and an ear for an ear, and a tooth for a tooth, and for wounds there is retaliation.' (Sura 5 ayat 48) Allah, the Blessed, the Exalted, mentioned that it is a life for a life. It is the life of a free woman for the life of a free man, and her injury for his injury." Malik said about a man who held a man fast for another man to hit, and he died on the spot, "If he held him and he thought that he meant to kill him, the two of them are both killed for him. If he held him and he thought that he meant to beat him as people sometimes do, and he did not think that he meant to kill him, the murderer is slain and the one who held him is punished with a very severe punishment and jailed for a year. There is no killing against him." Malik said about a man who murdered a man intentionally or gouged out his eye intentionally, and then was slain or had his eye gouged out himself before retaliation was inflicted on him, "There is no blood-money nor retaliation against him. The right of the one who was killed or had his eye gouged out goes when the thing which he is claiming as retaliation goes. It is the same with a man who murders another man intentionally and then the murderer dies. When the murderer dies, the one seeking blood-revenge has nothing of blood- money or anything else. That is by the word of Allah, the Blessed the Exalted, 'Retaliation is written for you in killing. The free man for the free man and the slave for the slave.' " Malik said, "He only has retaliation against the one who killed him. If the man who murdered him dies, he has no retaliation or blood-money." Malik said, "There is no retaliation held against a free man by a slave for any injury. The slave is killed for the free man when he intentionally murders him. The free man is not slain for the slave, even if he murders him intentionally. It is the best of what I have heard."
Muwatta' Malik 43-43Shahih
مالِكٌ؛ أنَّهُ أدْرَكَ مَن يَرْضى مِن أهْلِ العِلْمِ يَقُولُونَ فِي الرَّجُلِ إذا أوْصى أنْ يَعْفُوَ عَنْ قاتِلِهِ، إذا قُتِلَ عَمْدًا: إنَّ ذلِكَ جائِزٌ لَهُ. وأنَّهُ أوْلى بِدَمِهِ مِن غَيْرِهِ مِن أوْلِيائِهِ مِن بَعْدِهِ. قالَ مالِكٌ، فِي الرَّجُلِ يَعْفُو عَنْ قَتْلِ العَمْدِ بَعْدَ أنْ يَسْتَحِقَّهُ ويَجِبَ لَهُ، إنَّهُ لَيْسَ عَلى القاتِلِ عَقْلٌ يَلْزَمُهُ. إلاَّ أنْ يَكُونَ الَّذِي عَفا عَنْهُ اشْتَرَطَ ذلِكَ عِنْدَ عَفْوِهِ عَنْهُ. وقالَ مالِكٌ، فِي القاتِلِ عَمْدًا إذا عُفِيَ عَنْهُ: إنَّهُ يُجْلَدُ مِائَةَ جَلْدَةٍ ويُسْجَنُ سَنَةً. قالَ مالِكٌ: وإذا قُتِلَ الرَّجُلُ عَمْدًا وقامَتْ، عَلى ذلِكَ البَيِّنَةُ. ولِلْمَقْتُولِ بَنُونَ وبَناتٌ. فَعَفا البَنُونَ وأبى البَناتُ أنْ يَعْفُونَ. فَعَفْوُ البَنِينَ جائِزٌ عَلى البَناتِ. ولاَ أمْرَ لِلْبَناتِ مَعَ البَنِينَ فِي القِيامِ بِالدَّمِ والعَفْوِ عَنْهُ.
Yahya related to me from Malik that he saw whomever he was satisfied with among the people of knowledge say about a man who willed that his murderer be pardoned when he murdered him intentionally, "That is permitted for him. He is more entitled to the man's blood than any of his relatives after him." Malik said about a man who pardoned murder, after he had claimed his right and it was obliged for him, "There is no blood-money against the murderer unless the one who pardons him stipulates that when he pardons him." Malik said about the murderer when he was pardoned, "He is flogged one hundred lashes and jailed for a year." Malik said, "When a man murders intentionally and there is a clear proof of that, and the murdered man has sons and daughters and the sons pardon and the daughters refuse to pardon, the pardon of the sons is permitted in opposition to the daughters and there is no authority for the daughters with the sons in demanding blood and pardoning."
Muwatta' Malik 43-44Shahih
قالَ يَحْيى: قالَ مالِكٌ: الأمْرُ المُجْتَمَعُ عَلَيْهِ عِنْدَنا: أنَّهُ مَن كَسَرَ يَدًا أوْ رِجْلًا عَمْدًا، أنَّهُ يُقادُ مِنهُ ولاَ يُعْقَلُ. قالَ مالِكٌ: ولاَ يُقادُ مِن أحَدٍ حَتّى تَبْرَأ جِراحُ صاحِبِهِ، فَيُقادُ مِنهُ. فَإنْ جاءَ جُرْحُ المُسْتَقادِ مِنهُ مِثْلَ جُرْحِ الأوَّلِ حِينَ يَصِحُّ، فَهُوَ القَوَدُ. وإنْ زادَ جُرْحُ المُسْتَقادِ مِنهُ أوْ ماتَ مِنهُ، فَلَيْسَ عَلى المَجْرُوحِ الأوَّلِ المُسْتَقِيدِ شَيْءٌ. وإنْ بَرَأ جُرْحُ المُسْتَقادِ مِنهُ، وشَلَّ المَجْرُوحُ الأوَّلُ، أوْ بَرَأتْ جِراحُهُ وبِها عَيْبٌ أوْ نَقْصٌ أوْ عَثَلٌ. فَإنَّ المُسْتَقادَ مِنهُ لاَ يَكْسِرُ الثّانِيَةَ. ولاَ يُقادُ بِجُرْحِهِ. قالَ: ولَكِنَّهُ يُعْقَلُ لَهُ بِقَدْرِ ما نَقَصَ مِن يَدِ الأوَّلِ. أوْ فَسَدَ مِنها. والجِراحُ فِي الجَسَدِ عَلى مِثْلِ ذلِكَ. قالَ مالِكٌ: وإذا عَمَدَ الرَّجُلُ إلى امْرَأتِهِ فَفَقَأ عَيْنَها. أوْ كَسَرَ يَدَها، أوْ قَطَعَ إصْبَعَها، أوْ أشْباهَ ذلِكَ، مُتَعَمِّدًا لِذلِكَ، فَإنَّها تُقادُ مِنهُ. وأمّا الرَّجُلُ يَضْرِبُ امْرَأتَهُ بِالحَبْلِ. أوْ بِالسَّوْطِ، فَيُصِيبُها مِن ضَرْبِهِ ما لَمْ يُرِدْ ولَمْ يَتَعَمَّدْ، فَإنَّهُ يُعْقَلُ ما أصابَ مِنها عَلى هذا الوَجْهِ. ولاَ يُقادُ مِنهُ. مالِكٌ؛ أنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ: أنَّ أبا بَكْرِ بْنَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ أقادَ مِن كَسْرِ الفَخِذِ.
Yahya said that Malik said, "The generally agreed on way of doing things in our community is that retaliation is taken from someone who breaks someone's hand or foot intentionally and not blood-money." Malik said, "Retaliation is not inflicted on anyone until the wound of the injured party has healed. Then retaliation is inflicted on him. If the wound of the person on whom the retaliation has been inflicted is like the first person's wound when it heals, it is retaliation. If the wound of the one on whom the retaliation has been inflicted becomes worse or he dies, there is nothing held against the one who has taken retaliation. If the wound of the person on whom the retaliation has been inflicted heals and the injured party is paralysed or his injury has healed but he has a scar, defect, or blemish, the person on whom the retaliation has been inflicted does not have his hand broken again and further retaliation is not taken for his injury." He said, "But there is blood-money from him according to what he has impaired or maimed of the hand of the injured party. The bodily injury is also like that." Malik said, "When a man intentionally goes to his wife and gouges out her eye or breaks her hand or cuts off her finger or such like, and does it intentionally, retaliation is inflicted on him. As for a man who strikes his wife with a rope or a whip and hits what he did not mean to hit or does what he did not intend to do, he pays blood-money for what he has struck according to this principle, and retaliation is not inflicted on him." Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that Abu Bakr ibn Muhammd ibn Amr ibn Hazm took retaliation for the breaking of a leg.
Muwatta' Malik 1595Penilai berbeda pendapat
أَنَّ سَائِبَةً أَعْتَقَهُ بَعْضُ الْحُجَّاجِ فَقَتَلَ ابْنَ رَجُلٍ مِنْ بَنِي عَائِذٍ فَجَاءَ الْعَائِذِيُّ أَبُو الْمَقْتُولِ إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ يَطْلُبُ دِيَةَ ابْنِهِ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ لاَ دِيَةَ لَهُ فَقَالَ الْعَائِذِيُّ أَرَأَيْتَ لَوْ قَتَلَهُ ابْنِي فَقَالَ عُمَرُ إِذًا تُخْرِجُونَ دِيَتَهُ فَقَالَ هُوَ إِذًا كَالأَرْقَمِ إِنْ يُتْرَكْ يَلْقَمْ وَإِنْ يُقْتَلْ يَنْقَمْ
Telah menceritakan kepadaku Yahya dari Malik dari [Abu Az Zinad] dari [Sulaiman bin Yasar] bahwa seorang budak telah dibebaskan oleh beberapa orang yang berhaji. Lalu dia membunuh seorang anak dari Bani 'A`idz. Kemudian bapak laki-laki korban pembunuhan itu menemui Umar bin Khattab meminta diyat anaknya. [Umar] berkata; "Tidak ada diyat untuknya." Orang tua korban itu berkata, "Bagaimana pendapatmu jika anakku yang membunuhnya?" Umar berkata; "Kalau begitu, kalianlah yang harus mengeluarkan diyatnya." 'Umar bin Khattab berkata; "Kalau begitu, ini seperti ular berbisa, jika dibiarkan akan menelan, jika dibunuh akan membalas