52. Inheritance
عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ «أَلْحِقُوا الْمَالَ بِ الْفَرَائِضِ فَمَا تَرَكَتِ الْفَرَائِضُ فَلِأَوْلَى رَجُلٍ ذَكَرٍ»
✧ On the authority of the Prophet ﷺ, he said: “Attach the wealth to the prescribed shares, and whatever the prescribed shares leave over is for the nearest male relative.”
«أَلْحِقُوا الْمَالَ بِالْفَرَائِضِ فَمَا أَبْقَتِ الْفَرَائِضُ فَلِأَوْلَى رَجُلٍ ذَكَرٍ»
✧ “Attach the wealth to the prescribed shares, and whatever the prescribed shares leave over is for the nearest male relative.”
«أَلْحِقُوا الْمَالَ بِالْفَرَائِضِ فَمَا أَبْقَتِ الْفَرَائِضُ فَلأَوْلَى رَجُلٍ ذَكَرٍ»
✧ “Attach the wealth to the prescribed shares, and whatever the prescribed shares leave over is for the nearest male relative.”
جَاءَتِ الْجَدَّةُ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ تَسْأَلُهُ مِيرَاثَهَا فَقَالَ مَا لَكِ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ مِنْ شَيْءٍ وَمَا أَعْلَمُ لَكِ فِي سُنَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ شَيْئًا فَارْجِعِي حَتَّى أَسْأَلَ النَّاسَ فَسَأَلَ النَّاسَ فَقَالَ الْمُغِيرَةُ بْنُ شُعْبَةَ «حَضَرْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَعْطَاهَا السُّدُسَ» فَقَالَ هَلْ مَعَكَ غَيْرُكَ؟ فَقَامَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ فَقَالَ مِثْلَ مَا قَالَ الْمُغِيرَةُ فَأَنْفَذَ لَهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ السُّدُسَ ثُمَّ جَاءَتِ الْجَدَّةُ الْأُخْرَى إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ تَسْأَلُهُ مِيرَاثَهَا فَقَالَ مَا لَكِ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ مِنْ شَيْءٍ وَمَا كَانَ الْقَضَاءُ الَّذِي قَضَى بِهِ إِلَّا لِغَيْرِكِ وَمَا أَنَا بِزَائِدٍ فِي الْفَرَائِضِ شَيْئًا وَلَكِنْ هُوَ ذَلِكَ السُّدُسُ فَإِنِ اجْتَمَعْتُمَا فِيهِ فَهُوَ بَيْنَكُمَا وَأَيَّتُكُمَا خَلَتْ بِهِ فَهُوَ لَهَا
✧ A grandmother came to Abu Bakr al-Siddiq asking him about her inheritance. He said, “There is nothing for you in the Book of Allah, and I do not know of anything for you in the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Return until I ask the people.” He asked the people, and al-Mughirah b. Shu‘bah said, “I was present when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ gave her a sixth.” He said, “Is there anyone else with you?” Muhammad b. Maslamah al-Ansari stood up and said the like of what al-Mughirah said. So Abu Bakr carried out for her the sixth. Then another grandmother came to Umar b. al-Khattab asking him about her inheritance. He said, “There is nothing for you in the Book of Allah, and the ruling that was given was only for someone other than you. I am not one to add anything to the prescribed shares, but it is that sixth. If you two are together in it, it is between you, and whichever of you is alone with it, it is hers.”
«إِذَا اسْتَهَلَّ الصَّبِيُّ صُلِّيَ عَلَيْهِ وَوُرِّثَ»
✧ “When the infant cries out (at birth), funeral prayer is performed over him and he is inherited from.”
«لَا يَرِثُ الْمُسْلِمُ الْكَافِرَ وَلَا الْكَافِرُ الْمُسْلِمَ»
The Prophet ﷺ as saying: A Muslim may not inherit from an infidel nor an infidel from a Muslim. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2909)
فِي ابْنَةٍ وَابْنَةِ ابْنٍ وَأُخْتٍ قَالَ «لِلِابْنَةِ النِّصْفُ وَلِابْنَةِ الِابْنِ السُّدُسُ وَمَا بَقِيَ فَلِلْأُخْتِ»
✧ “Regarding a daughter, a son’s daughter, and a sister, he said: ‘For the daughter is half, for the son’s daughter is a sixth, and what remains is for the sister.’”
Sahih Ibn Hibban 6036Hasan sahih
«مَنْ تَرَكَ دَيْنًا أَوْ ضَيْعَةً فَإِلَيَّ وَمَنْ تَرَكَ مَالًا فَلِوَرَثَتِهِ وَأَنَا مَوْلَى مَنْ لَا مَوْلَى لَهُ أَفُكُّ عَنْهُ وَأَرِثُ مَالَهُ وَالْخَالُ مَوْلَى مَنْ لَا مَوْلَى لَهُ يَفُكُّ عَنْهُ وَيَرِثُ مَالَهُ»
✧ “Whoever leaves a debt or a destitute family, they are my responsibility. Whoever leaves wealth, it is for his heirs. I am the patron of the one who has no patron: I pay his ransom and inherit his wealth. The maternal uncle is the patron of the one who has no patron: he pays his ransom and inherits his wealth.”
كَتَبَ عُمَرُ ؓ إِلَى أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ أَنْ عَلِّمُوا صِبْيَانَكُمُ الْعَوْمَ وَمُقَاتِلَتَكُمُ الرَّمْيَ قَالَ فَكَانُوا يَخْتَلِفُونَ بَيْنَ الْأَغْرَاضِ قَالَ فَجَاءَ سَهْمٌ غَرْبٌ فَأَصَابَ غُلَامًا فَقَتَلَهُ وَلَمْ يُعْلَمْ لِلْغُلَامِ أَهْلٌ إِلَّا خَالُهُ فَكَتَبَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ إِلَى عُمَرَ فَذَكَرَ لَهُ شَأْنَ الْغُلَامِ إِلَى مَنْ يَدْفَعُ عَقْلَهُ فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ «اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ مَوْلَى مَنْ لَا مَوْلَى لَهُ وَالْخَالُ وَارِثُ مَنْ لَا وَارِثَ لَهُ»
✧ Umar ؓ wrote to Abu Ubaydah: “Teach your children swimming and your fighters archery.” He said: They used to go back and forth among the targets. He said: A stray arrow came and struck a boy and killed him, and no family was known for the boy except his maternal uncle. Abu Ubaydah wrote to Umar and mentioned to him the affair of the boy—to whom should he pay his blood money? He wrote to him that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “Allah and His Messenger are the patron of the one who has no patron, and the maternal uncle is the heir of the one who has no heir.”
«بَيْنَمَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَخْطُبُ إِذْ أَقْبَلَ الْحَسَنُ وَالْحُسَيْنُ وَعَلَيْهِمَا قَمِيصَانِ أَحْمَرَانِ يَقُومَانِ وَيَعْثُرَانِ فَنَزَلَ إِلَيْهِمَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَأَخَذَهُمَا وَقَالَ » {إِنَّمَا أَمْوَالُكُمْ وَأَوْلَادُكُمْ فِتْنَةٌ}
✧ “While the Prophet ﷺ was delivering a sermon, al-Hasan and al-Husayn came forward wearing two red shirts, walking and stumbling. The Prophet ﷺ descended to them, took them, and said: ‘Your wealth and your children are only a trial.’”
كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَخْطُبُنَا إِذْ جَاءَ الْحَسَنُ وَالْحُسَيْنُ عَلَيْهِمَا قَمِيصَانِ أَحْمَرَانِ يَمْشِيَانِ وَيَعْثُرَانِ فَنَزَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنَ الْمِنْبَرِ فَحَمَلَهُمَا فَوَضَعَهُمَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ «صَدَقَ اللَّهُ {إِنَّمَا أَمْوَالُكُمْ وَأَوْلَادُكُمْ فِتْنَةٌ} نَظَرْتُ إِلَى هَذَيْنِ الصَّبِيَّيْنِ يَمْشِيَانِ وَيَعْثُرَانِ فَلَمْ أَصْبِرْ حَتَّى قَطَعْتُ حَدِيثِي فَرَفَعَتْهُمَا»
✧ The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was delivering a sermon to us when al-Hasan and al-Husayn came wearing two red shirts, walking and stumbling. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ descended from the pulpit, carried them, and placed them in front of him. Then he said: “Allah has spoken the truth: ‘Your wealth and your children are only a trial.’ I looked at these two boys walking and stumbling, and I could not be patient until I cut off my speech and lifted them up.”
Sahih Ibn Hibban 6035Hasan sahih
«مَنْ تَرَكَ كَلًّا فَإِلَيْنَا وَمَنْ تَرَكَ مَالًا فَلِوَرَثَتِهِ وَأَنَا وَارِثُ مَنْ لَا وَارِثَ لَهُ أَعْقِلُ عَنْهُ وَأَرِثُهُ وَالْخَالُ وَارِثُ مَنْ لَا وَارِثَ لَهُ يَعْقِلُ عَنْهُ وَيَرِثُهُ»
✧ “Whoever leaves dependents, they are our responsibility. Whoever leaves wealth, it is for his heirs. I am the heir of the one who has no heir: I pay the blood money on his behalf and I inherit from him. The maternal uncle is the heir of the one who has no heir: he pays the blood money on his behalf and inherits from him.”