27. Inheritance Laws
No. 27-1–27-24
Muwatta' Malik 27-1Shahih
مَالِكٌ: أَنَّ الْأَمْرَ الْمُجْتَمَعَ عَلَيْهِ عِنْدَنَا، وَالَّذِي أَدْرَكْتُ عَلَيْهِ أَهْلَ الْعِلْمِ، بِبَلَدِنَا، فِي فَرَائِضِ الْمَوَارِيثِ: أَنَّ مِيرَاثَ الْوَلَدِ مِنْ وَالِدِهِمْ، أَوْ وَالِدَتِهِمْ. أَنَّهُ إِذَا تُوُفِّيَ الْأَبُ، أَوِ الْأُمُّ، وَتَرَكَ وَلَدًا. رِجَالًا، وَنِسَاءً. فَلِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ. فَإِنْ كُنَّ نِسَاءً فَوْقَ اثْنَتَيْنِ، فَلَهُنَّ ثُلُثَا مَا تَرَكَ. وَإِنْ كَانَتْ وَاحِدَةً، فَلَهَا النِّصْفُ، فَإِنْ شَرِكَهُمْ أَحَدٌ بِفَرِيضَةٍ مُسَمَّاةٍ، وَكَانَ فِيهِمْ ذَكَرٌ، بُدِئَ بِفَرِيضَةِ مَنْ شَرِكَهُمْ، وَكَانَ مَا بَقِيَ بَعْدَ ذلِكَ بَيْنَهُمْ، عَلَى قَدْرِ مَوَارِيثِهِمْ. وَمَنْزِلَةُ وَلَدِ الْأَبْنَاءِ الذُّكُورِ، إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ دُونَهُمْ وَلَدٌ، كَمَنْزِلَةِ الْوَلَدِ. سَوَاءٌ. ذَكَرُهُمْ كَذَكَرِهِمْ. وَأُنْثَاهُمْ كَأُنْثَاهُمْ. يَرِثُونَ، كَمَا يَرِثُونَ. وَيَحْجُبُونَ، كَمَا يَحْجُبُونَ. فَإِنِ اجْتَمَعَ الْوَلَدُ لِلصُّلْبِ، وَوَلَدُ الِابْنِ، فَكَانَ فِي الْوَلَدِ لِلصُّلْبِ ذَكَرٌ، فَإِنَّهُ لَا مِيرَاثَ مَعَهُ لِأَحَدٍ مِنْ وَلَدِ الِابْنِ. وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي الْوَلَدِ لِلصُّلْبِ ذَكَرٌ، وَكَانَتَا ابْنَتَيْنِ، فَأَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذلِكَ مِنَ الْبَنَاتِ لِلصُّلْبِ. فَإِنَّهُ لَا مِيرَاثَ لِبَنَاتِ الِابْنِ مَعَهُنَّ. إِلَاّ أَنْ يَكُونَ مَعَ بَنَاتِ الِابْنِ ذَكَرٌ، هُوَ مِنَ الْمُتَوَفَّى بِمَنْزِلَتِهِنَّ، أَوْ هُوَ أَطْرَفُ مِنْهُنَّ. فَإِنَّهُ يُرَدُّ، عَلَى مَنْ هُوَ بِمَنْزِلَتِهِ، وَمَنْ هُوَ فَوْقَهُ مِنْ بَنَاتِ الْأَبْنَاءِ، فَضْلًا إِنْ فَضِلَ، فَيَقْتَسِمُونَهُ بَيْنَهُمْ. لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ. فَإِنْ لَمْ يَفْضُلْ شَيْءٌ، فَلَا شَيْءَ لَهُمْ. وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنِ الْوَلَدُ لِلصُّلْبِ إِلَاّ ابْنَةً وَاحِدَةً، فَلَهَا النِّصْفُ. وَلِابْنَةِ ابْنِهِ. وَاحِدَةً إِنْ كَانَتْ، أَوْ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذلِكَ مِنْ بَنَاتِ الْأَبْنَاءِ، مِمَّنْ هُوَ مِنَ الْمُتَوَفَّى بِمَنْزِلَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ، السُّدُسُ. فَإِنْ كَانَ مَعَ بَنَاتِ الِابْنِ ذَكَرٌ، هُوَ مِنَ الْمُتَوَفَّى بِمَنْزِلَتِهِنَّ. فَلَا فَرِيضَةَ، وَلَا سُدُسَ لَهُنَّ. وَلَكِنْ إِنْ فَضَلَ بَعْدَ فَرَائِضِ أَهْلِ الْفَرَائِضِ، كَانَ ذلِكَ الْفَضْلُ لِذلِكَ الذَّكَرِ، وَلِمَنْ هُوَ بِمَنْزِلَتِهِ، وَمَنْ فَوْقَهُ مِنْ بَنَاتِ الْأَبْنَاءِ، لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ، وَلَيْسَ لِمَنْ هُوَ أَطْرَفُ مِنْهُمْ شَيْءٌ. فَإِنْ لَمْ يَفْضُلْ شَيْءٌ، فَلَا شَيْءَ لَهُمْ. وَذلِكَ أَنَّ اللهَ، قَالَ فِي كِتَابِهِ: ﴿يُوصِيكُمُ اللهُ فِي أَولادِكُمْ لِلذَكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الأُنْثَيَيْنِ فَإِنْ كُنَّ نِسَاءً فَوْقَ اثْنَتَيْنِ فَلَهُنَّ ثُلُثَا مَا تَرَكَ وَإِن كَانَتْ وَاحِدَةً فَلَهَا النِّصْفُ﴾ [النساء ٤: ١١] [قَالَ مَالِكٌ]: وَالْأَطْرَفُ هُوَ الْأَبْعَدُ.
Yahya related to me from Malik, "The generally agreed upon way of doing things among us and what I have seen the people of knowledge doing in our city about the fixed shares of inheritance of children from the mother or father when one or other of them dies is that if they leave male and female children, the male takes the portion of two females. If there are only females, and there are more than two, they get two thirds of what is left between them. If there is only one, she gets a half. If someone shares with the children, who has a fixed share and there are males among them, the reckoner begins with the ones with fixed shares. What remains after that is divided among the children according to their inheritance. "When there are no children, grandchildren through sons have the same position as children, so that grandsons are like sons and grand-daughters are like daughters. They inherit as they inherit and they overshadow as they overshadow. If there are both children and grandchildren through sons, and there is a male among the children, then the grandchildren through sons do not share in the inheritance with him. "If there is no surviving male among the children, and there are two or more daughters, the granddaughters through a son do not share in the inheritance with them unless there is a male who is in the same position as them in relation to the deceased, or further than them. His presence gives access to whatever is left over, if any, to whoever is in his position and whoever is above him of the granddaughters through sons. If something is left over, they divide it among them, and the male takes the portion of two females. If nothing is left over, they have nothing. "If the only descendant is a daughter, she takes half, and if there are one or more grand-daughters through a son who are in the same position to the deceased, they share a sixth. If there is a male in the same position as the granddaughters through a son in relation to the deceased, they have no share and no sixth. "If there is a surplus after the allotting of shares to the people with fixed shares, the surplus goes to the male and whoever is in his position and whoever is above him of the female descendants through sons. The male has the share of two females. The one who is more distant in relationship than grandchildren through sons has nothing. If there is no surplus, they have nothing. That is because Allah, the Blessed, the Exalted, said in His Book, 'Allah charges you about your children that the male has the like of the portion of two females. If there are more than two women they have two thirds of what is left. If there is one, she has a half.' (Sura 4 ayat 10)
Muwatta' Malik 27-2Shahih
قَالَ مَالِكٌ: وَمِيرَاثُ الرَّجُلِ مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ. إِذَا لَمْ تَتْرُكْ وَلَدًا، وَلَا وَلَدَ ابْنٍ النِّصْفُ. فَإِنْ تَرَكَتْ وَلَدًا، أَوْ وَلَدَ ابْنٍ، ذَكَرًا كَانَ، أَوْ أُنْثَى، فَلِزَوْجِهَا الرُّبُعُ. مِنْ بَعْدِ وَصِيَّةٍ تُوصِي بِهَا، أَوْ دَيْنٍ. وَمِيرَاثُ الْمَرْأَةِ مِنْ زَوْجِهَا. إِذَا لَمْ يَتْرُكْ وَلَدًا، وَلَا وَلَدَ ابْنٍ. الرُّبُعُ. فَإِنْ تَرَكَ وَلَدًا، أَوْ وَلَدَ ابْنٍ، ذَكَرًا كَانَ، أَوْ أُنْثَى، فَلامرَأَتِهِ الثُّمُنُ. مِنْ بَعْدِ وَصِيَّةٍ يُوصِي بِهَا، أَوْ دَيْنٍ. وَذلِكَ أَنَّ اللهَ، يَقُولُ فِي كِتَابِهِ: ﴿وَلَكُمْ نِصْفُ مَا تَرَكَ أَزْواجِكُمْ إِن لَمُ يَكُنْ لَهُنَّ وَلَدٌ فَإِن كَانَ لَهُنَّ وَلَدٌ فَلَكُمُ الرُّبْعُ مِمَّا تَرَكْنَ مِن بَعدِ وَصِيَّةٍ يُوصِينَ بِهَا أَو دَينٍ وَلَهُنَّ الرُّبُعُ مِمَّا تَرَكْتُمْ إِن لَمْ يَكُن لَكُمْ وَلَدٌ فَإِن كَانَ لَكُمْ وَلَدٌ فَلَهُنَّ الثُّمُنُ مِمَّا تَرَكْتُم مِن بَعْدِ وَصِيَّةٍ تُوصُونَ بِهَا﴾ [النساء ٤: ١٢].
Malik said, "The inheritance of a husband from a wife when she leaves no children or grandchildren through sons is a half. If she leaves children or grandchildren through sons, male or female, by her present or previous husbands, the husband has a quarter after bequests or debts. The inheritance of a wife from a husband who does not leave children or grandchildren through sons is a quarter. If he leaves children or grandchildren through sons, male or female, the wife has an eighth after bequests and debts. That is because Allah, the Blessed, the Exalted! said in His Book, 'You have a half of what your wives leave if they have no children. If they have children, you have a fourth of what they leave after bequests and debts. They have a fourth of what you leave if you have no children. If you have children, they have an eighth after bequests or debts.' " (Sura4ayat 11).
Muwatta' Malik 27-3Shahih
قَالَ يَحْيَى، قَالَ مَالِكٌ: الْأَمْرُ الْمُجْتَمَعُ عَلَيْهِ، الَّذِي لَا اخْتِلَافَ فِيهِ، وَالَّذِي أَدْرَكْتُ عَلَيْهِ أَهْلَ الْعِلْمِ، بِبَلَدِنَا: أَنَّ مِيرَاثَ الْأَبِ مِنِ ابْنِهِ، أَوِ ابْنَتِهِ، أَنَّهُ إِنْ تَرَكَ الْمُتَوَفَى وَلَدًا، أَوْ وَلَدَ ابْنٍ، فَإِنَّهُ يُفْرَضُ لِلْأَبِ السُّدُسُ، فَرِيضَةً. فَإِنْ لَمْ يَتْرُكِ الْمُتَوَفَّى وَلَدًا، وَلَا وَلَدَ ابْنٍ ذَكَرًا، فَإِنَّهُ يُبْدَأُ بِمَنْ شَرَّكَ الْأَبَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْفَرَائِضِ. فَيُعْطَوْنَ فَرَائِضَهُمْ، فَإِنْ فَضَلَ مِنَ الْمَالِ السُّدُسُ، فَمَا فَوْقَهُ، كَانَ لِلْأَبِ. وَإِنْ لَمْ يَفْضُلْ عَنْهُمُ السُّدُسُ، فَمَا فَوْقَهُ، فُرِضَ لِلْأَبِ السُّدُسُ، فَرِيضَةً۔ وَمِيرَاثُ الْأُمِّ مِنْ وَلَدِهَا. إِذَا تُوُفِّيَ ابْنُهَا، أَوِ ابْنَتُهَا. فَتَرَكَ الْمُتَوَفَّى وَلَدًا، أَوْ وَلَدَ ابْنٍ، ذَكَرًا كَانَ، أَوْ أُنْثَى. أَوْ تَرَكَ مِنَ الْإِخْوَةِ اثْنَيْنِ، فَصَاعِدًا، ذُكُورًا كَانُوا، أَوْ إِنَاثًا، مِنْ أَبٍ، وَأُمٍّ. أَوْ مِنْ أَبٍ، أَوْ مِنْ أُمٍّ، فَالسُّدُسُ لَهَا. وَإِنْ لَمْ يَتْرُكِ الْمُتَوَفَّى وَلَدًا، وَلَا وَلَدَ ابْنٍ، وَلَا اثْنَيْنِ مِنَ الْإِخْوَةِ، فَصَاعِدًا. فَإِنَّ لِلْأُمِّ الثُّلُثَ كَامِلًا، إِلَاّ فِي فَرِيضَتَيْنِ فَقَطْ. وَإِحْدَى الْفَرِيضَتَيْنِ، أَنْ يُتَوَفَّى رَجُلٌ، وَيَتْرُكَ امْرَأَتَهُ، وَأَبَوَيْهِ. فَلِامْرَأَتِهِ الرُّبُعُ، وَلِأُمِّهِ الثُّلُثُ مِمَّا بَقِيَ، وَهُوَ الرُّبُعُ مِنْ رَأْسِ الْمَالِ. وَالْأُخْرَى، أَنْ تُتَوَفَّى امْرَأَةٌ، وَتَتْرُكَ زَوْجَهَا، وَأَبَوَيْهَا فَيَكُونُ لِزَوْجِهَا النِّصْفُ، وَلِأُمِّهَا الثُّلُثُ مِمَّا بَقِيَ، وَهُوَ السُّدُسُ مِنْ رَأْسِ الْمَالِ. وَذلِكَ أَنَّ اللهَ، يَقُولُ فِي كِتَابِهِ: ﴿وَلأَبَوَيْهِ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا السُّدُسُ مِمَّا تَرَكَ إِن كَانَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ فَإِن لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ وَلَدٌ وَوَرِثَهُ أَبَوَاهُ فَلأُمِّهِ الثُّلُثُ فَإِن كَانَ لَهُ إِخْوَةٌ فَلأُمِّهِ السُّدُسُ﴾ [النساء ٤: ١١]. فَمَضَتِ السُّنَّةُ أَنَّ الْإِخْوَةَ، اثْنَانِ، فَصَاعِدًا.
Malik said, "The generally agreed on way of doing things among us about which there is no dispute and what I have seen the people of knowledge in our city doing is that when a father inherits from a son or a daughter and the deceased leaves children, or grandchildren through a son, the father has a fixed share of one sixth. If the deceased does leave any children or male grandchildren through a son, the apportioning begins with those with whom the father shares in the fixed shares. They are given their fixed shares. If a sixth or more is left over, the sixth and what is above it is given to the father, and if there is less than a sixth left, the father is given his sixth as a fixed share, (i.e. the other shares are adjusted.) "The inheritance of a mother from her child, if her son or daughter dies and leaves children or male or female grandchildren through a son, or leaves two or more full or half siblings is a sixth. If the deceased does not leave any children or grandchildren through a son, or two or more siblings, the mother has a whole third except in two cases. One of them is if a man dies and leaves a wife and both parents. The wife has a fourth, the mother a third of what remains, (which is a fourth of the capital). The other is if a wife dies and leaves a husband and both parents. The husband gets half, and the mother a third of what remains, (which is a sixth of the capital). That is because Allah, the Blessed, the Exalted, says in His Book, 'His two parents each have a sixth of what he leaves if he has children. If he does not have children, and his parents inherit from him, his mother has a third. If he has siblings, the mother has a sixth.' (Sura 4 ayat 11). The sunna is that the siblings be two or more."
Muwatta' Malik 27-4Shahih
قَالَ يَحْيَى، قَالَ مَالِكٌ: الْأَمْرُ عِنْدَنَا؛ أَنَّ الْإِخْوَةَ لِلْأُمِّ لَا يَرِثُونَ مَعَ الْوَلَدِ. وَلَا مَعَ وَلَدِ الْأَبْنَاءِ. ذُكْرَانًا كَانُوا، أَوْ إِنَاثًا، شَيْئًا. وَلَا يَرِثُونَ مَعَ الْأَبِ، وَلَا مَعَ الْجَدِّ أَبِ الْأَبِ شَيْئًا. وَأَنَّهُمْ يَرِثُونَ فِيمَا سِوَى ذلِكَ. يُفْرَضُ لِلْوَاحِدِ مِنْهُمُ السُّدُسُ. ذَكَرًا كَانَ، أَوْ أُنْثَى. فَإِنْ كَانَا اثْنَيْنِ، فَلِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا السُّدُسُ. فَإِنْ كَانُوا أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذلِكَ، فَهُمْ شُرَكَاءُ فِي الثُّلُثِ. يَقْتَسِمُونَهُ بَيْنَهُمْ بِالسَّوَاءِ، لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَى وَذلِكَ أَنَّ اللهَ، يَقُولُ فِي كِتَابِهِ: ﴿وَإِن كَانَ رَجُلٌ يُورَثُ كَلالَةً أَوِ اِمْرَأَةٌ وَلَهُ أَخٌ أَو أُخْتٌ فَلِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا السُّدُسُ فَإِن كَانُوا أَكْثَرَ مِن ذَلِكَ فَهُمْ شُرَكَاءُ فِي الثُّلُثِ﴾ [النساء ٤: ١٢]. فَكَانَ الذَّكَرُ، وَالْأُنْثَى، فِي هذَا، بِمَنْزِلَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ.
Malik said, "The generally agreed upon way of doing things among us is that maternal half-siblings do not inherit anything when there are children or grandchildren through sons, male or female. They do not inherit anything when there is a father or the father's father. They inherit in what is outside of that. If there is only one male or female, they are given a sixth. If there are two, each of them has a sixth. If there are more than that, they share in a third which is divided among them. The male does not have portion of two females. That is because Allah, the Blessed, the Exalted, says in His Book, 'If a man or woman has no direct heir, and he has a brother or sister, by the mother, each of them has a sixth. If there are more than two, they share equally in a third.' " (Sura 4 ayat 12).
Muwatta' Malik 27-5Shahih
قَالَ يَحْيَى، قَالَ مَالِكٌ: الْأَمْرُ عِنْدَنَا؛ أَنَّ الْإِخْوَةَ لِلْأَبِ، وَالْأُمِّ لَا يَرِثُونَ مَعَ الْوَلَدِ الذُّكُورِ شَيْئًا، وَلَا مَعَ وَلَدِ الِابْنِ الذَّكَرِ، وَلَا مَعَ الْأَبِ دِنْيًا شَيْئًا. وَهُمْ يَرِثُونَ مَعَ الْبَنَاتِ، وَبَنَاتِ الْأَبْنَاءِ، مَا لَمْ يَتْرُكِ الْمُتَوَفَّى جَدًّا، أَبَا أَبٍ، مَا فَضَلَ مِنَ الْمَالِ، يَكُونُونَ عَصَبَةً، يُبْدَأُ بِمَنْ كَانَ لَهُ أَصْلُ فَرِيضَةٍ مُسَمَّاةٍ، فَيُعْطَوْنَ فَرَائِضَهُمْ، فَإِنْ فَضَلَ بَعْدَ ذلِكَ فَضْلٌ، كَانَ لِلْإِخْوَةِ لِلْأَبِ، وَالْأُمِّ، يَقْتَسِمُونَهُ بَيْنَهُمْ، عَلَى كِتَابِ اللهِ. ذُكْرَانًا كَانُوا، أَوْ إِنَاثًا، لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَفْضُلْ شَيْءٌ، فَلَا شَيْءَ لَهُمْ. [قَالَ]: وَإِنْ لَمْ يَتْرُكِ الْمُتَوَفَّى أَبًا، وَلَا جَدًّا أَبَا أَبٍ، وَلَا وَلَدًا، وَلَا وَلَدَ ابْنٍ، ذَكَرًا كَانَ أَوْ أُنْثَى. فَإِنَّهُ يُفْرَضُ لِلْأُخْتِ الْوَاحِدَةِ لِلْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ، النِّصْفُ، فَإِنْ كَانَتَا اثْنَتَيْنِ، فَمَا فَوْقَ ذلِكَ مِنَ الْأَخَوَاتِ لِلْأَبِ، وَالْأُمِّ؛ فُرِضَ لَهُنَّ الثُّلُثَانِ، فَإِنْ كَانَ مَعَهُنَّ أَخٌ ذَكَرٌ، فَلَا فَرِيضَةَ لِأَحَدٍ مِنَ الْأَخَوَاتِ. وَاحِدَةً كَانَتْ أَوْ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذلِكَ، وَيُبْدَأُ بِمَنْ شَرِكَهُمْ بِفَرِيضَةٍ مُسَمَّاةٍ. فَيُعْطَوْنَ فَرَائِضَهُمْ، فَمَا فَضَلَ بَعْدَ ذلِكَ مِنْ شَيْءٍ، كَانَ بَيْنَ الْإِخْوَةِ لِلْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ، لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ، إِلَاّ فِي فَرِيضَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ فَقَطْ. لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُمْ فِيهَا شَيْءٌ، فَأُشْرِكُوا مَعَ بَنِي الْأُمِّ. وَتِلْكَ الْفَرِيضَةُ: امْرَأَةً تُوُفِّيَتْ، وَتَرَكَتْ زَوْجَهَا، وَأُمَّهَا، وَأَخَوَاتَهَا لِأُمِّهَا، وَإِخْوَتَهَا لِأَبِيهَا وَأُمِّهَا. فَكَانَ لِزَوْجِهَا النِّصْفُ. وَلِأُمِّهَا السُّدُسُ، وَلِإِخْوَتِهَا لِأُمِّهَا الثُّلُثُ. فَلَمْ يَفْضُلْ شَيْءٌ بَعْدَ ذلِكَ، فَيَشْتَرِكُ بَنُو الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ فِي هذِهِ الْفَرِيضَةِ، مَعَ بَنِي الْأُمِّ فِي ثُلُثِهِمْ. فَيَكُونُ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَى، مِنْ أَجْلِ أَنَّهُمْ كُلَّهُمْ إِخْوَةُ الْمُتَوَفَّى لِأُمِّهِ. وَإِنَّمَا وَرِثُوا بِالْأُمِّ. وَذلِكَ أَنَّ اللهَ قَالَ: ﴿وَإِن كَانَ رَجُلٌ يُورَثُ كَلالَةً أَوِ اِمْرَأَةٌ وَلَهُ أَخٌ أَو أُخْتٌ فَلِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا السُّدُسُ فَإِن كَانُوا أَكْثَرَ مِن ذَلِكَ فَهُمْ شُرَكَاءُ فِي الثُّلُثِ﴾ [النساء ٤: ١٢]. فَلِذلِكَ شُرِّكُوا فِي هذِهِ الْفَرِيضَةِ، لِأَنَّهُمْ كُلَّهُمْ إِخْوَةُ الْمُتَوَفَّى لِأُمِّهِ.
Malik said, "The generally agreed on way of doing things among us is that full siblings do not inherit anything with sons nor anything with grandsons through a son, nor anything with the father. They do inherit with the daughters and the granddaughters through a son when the deceased does not leave a paternal grandfather. Any property that is left over, they are in it as paternal relations. One begins with the people who are allotted fixed shares. They are given their shares. If there is anything left over after that, it belongs to the full siblings. They divide it between themselves according to the Book of Allah, whether they are male or female. The male has a portion of two females. If there is nothing left over, they have nothing. "If the deceased does not leave a father or a paternal grandfather or children or male or female grandchildren through a son, a single full sister gets a half. If there are two or more full sisters, they get two thirds. If there is a brother with them, sisters, whether one or more, do not have a fixed share. One begins with whoever shares in the fixed shares. They are given their shares. Whatever remains after that goes to the full siblings. The male has the portion of two females except in one case, in which the full siblings have nothing. They share in this case the third of the half-siblings by the mother. That case is when a woman dies and leaves a husband, a mother, half- siblings by her mother, and full siblings. The husband has a half. The mother has one sixth. The half-siblings by the mother have a third. Nothing is left after that, so the full siblings share in this case with the half-siblings by the mother in their third. The male has the portion of two females in as much as all of them are siblings of the deceased by the mother. They inherit by the mother. That is because Allah, the Blessed, the Exalted, said in His Book, 'If a man or a woman has no direct heir and he has a brother or a sister, each one of the two gets a sixth. If there are more than that, they share equally in the third. ' (Sura 4 ayat 12). They therefore share in this case because all of them are siblings of the deceased by the mother."
Muwatta' Malik 27-6Shahih
قَالَ يَحْيَى، قَالَ مَالِكٌ: الْأَمْرُ عِنْدَنَا أَنَّ مِيرَاثَ الْإِخْوَةِ لِلْأَبِ، إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ مَعَهُمْ أَحَدٌ مِنْ بَنِي الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ، كَمَنْزِلَةِ الْإِخْوَةِ لِلْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ، سَوَاءٌ. ذَكَرُهُمْ كَذَكَرِهِمْ. وَأُنْثَاهُمْ، كَأُنْثَاهُمْ. إِلَاّ أَنَّهُمْ لَا يُشَرَّكُونَ مَعَ بَنِي الْأُمِّ فِي الْفَرِيضَةِ، الَّتِي شَرَّكَهُمْ فِيهَا بَنُو الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ؛ لِأَنَّهُمْ خَرَجُوا مِنْ وِلَادَةِ الْأُمِّ الَّتِي جَمَعَتْ أُولَئِكَ. فَإِنِ اجْتَمَعَ الْإِخْوَةُ لِلْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ، وَالْإِخْوَةُ لِلْأَبِ. فَكَانَ فِي بَنِي الْأَبِ، وَالْأُمِّ، ذَكَرٌ. فَلَا مِيرَاثَ لِأَحَدٍ مِنْ بَنِي الْأَبِ. وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ بَنُو الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ إِلَاّ امْرَأَةً وَاحِدَةً، أَوْ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذلِكَ مِنَ الْإِنَاثِ، لَا ذَكَرَ مَعَهُنَّ. فَإِنَّهُ يُفْرَضُ لِلْأُخْتِ الْوَاحِدَةِ. لِلْأَبِ، وَالْأُمِّ، النِّصْفُ. وَيُفْرَضُ لِلْأَخَوَاتِ لِلْأَبِ السُّدُسُ، تَتِمَّةَ الثُّلُثَيْنِ. فَإِنْ كَانَ مَعَ الْأَخَوَاتِ لِلْأَبِ ذَكَرٌ، فَلَا فَرِيضَةَ لَهُمْ، وَيُبْدَأُ بِأَهْلِ الْفَرَائِضِ الْمُسَمَّاةِ، فَيُعْطَوْنَ فَرَائِضَهُمْ، فَإِنْ فَضَلَ بَعْدَ ذلِكَ فَضْلٌ، كَانَ بَيْنَ الْإِخْوَةِ لِلْأَبِ، لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ. وَإِنْ لَمْ يَفْضُلْ شَيْءٌ، فَلَا شَيْءَ لَهُمْ. فَإِنْ كَانَ الْإِخْوَةُ لِلْأَبِ، وَالْأُمِّ امْرَأَتَيْنِ، أَوْ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذلِكَ مِنَ الْإِنَاثِ، فُرِضَ لَهُنَّ الثُّلُثَانِ، وَلَا مِيرَاثَ مَعَهُنَّ لِلْأَخَوَاتِ لِلْأَبِ، إِلَاّ أَنْ يَكُونَ مَعَهُنَّ أَخٌ لِأَبٍ. فَإِنْ كَانَ مَعَهُنَّ أَخٌ لِأَبٍ، بُدِئَ بِمَنْ شَرَّكَهُمْ بِفَرِيضَةٍ مُسَمَّاةٍ، فَأُعْطُوا فَرَائِضَهُمْ، فَإِنْ فَضَلَ بَعْدَ ذلِكَ فَضْلٌ كَانَ بَيْنَ الْإِخْوَةِ لِلْأَبِ، لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ. وَإِنْ لَمْ يَفْضُلْ شَيْءٌ، فَلَا شَيْءَ لَهُمْ. وَلِبَنِي الْأُمِّ، مَعَ بَنِي الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ، وَمَعَ بَنِي الْأَبِ، لِلْوَاحِدِ السُّدُسُ، وَلِلِاثْنَيْنِ فَصَاعِدًا الثُّلُثُ. لِلذَّكَرِ مِنْهُمْ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَى، هُمْ فِيهِ، بِمَنْزِلَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ، سَوَاءٌ.
Malik said, "The generally agreed on wayof doing things among us is that when there are no full siblings with them, half-siblings by the father take the position of full siblings. Their males are like the males of the full siblings, and their females are like their females except in the case where the half-siblings by the mother and the full siblings share, because they are not offspring of the mother who joins these." Malik said, "If there are both full siblings and half-siblings by the father and there is a male among the full siblings none of the half-siblings by the father have any inheritance. If there is one or more females in the full siblings and there is no male with them, the one full sister gets a half, and the half sister by the father gets a sixth, completing the two-thirds. If there is a male with the half-sisters by the father, they have no share. The people of fixed shares are given their shares and if there is something left after that it is divided between the half-siblings by the father. The male has the portion of two females. If there is nothing left over, they get nothing. If the full siblings consist of two or more females, they get two-thirds, and the half-sisters by the father get nothing with them unless there is a half-brother by the father with them. If there is a half-brother by the father with them, the people of fixed shares are given their shares and if there is something left over after that, it is divided between the half- siblings by the father. The male gets the portion of two females. If there is nothing left over, they get nothing. Half-siblings by the mother, full-siblings, and half-siblings by the father, each have a sixth (when they are onlyone). Two and more share a third. The male has the same portion as the female. They are in the same position in it."
Muwatta' Malik 1074Shahih
أَنَّ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنَ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ كَتَبَ إِلَى زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ يَسْأَلُهُ عَنِ الْجَدِّ فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ زَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ إِنَّكَ كَتَبْتَ إِلَىَّ تَسْأَلُنِي عَنِ الْجَدِّ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ وَذَلِكَ مِمَّا لَمْ يَكُنْ يَقْضِي فِيهِ إِلاَّ الأُمَرَاءُ يَعْنِي الْخُلَفَاءَ وَقَدْ حَضَرْتُ الْخَلِيفَتَيْنِ قَبْلَكَ يُعْطِيَانِهِ النِّصْفَ مَعَ الأَخِ الْوَاحِدِ وَالثُّلُثَ مَعَ الاِثْنَيْنِ فَإِنْ كَثُرَتِ الإِخْوَةُ لَمْ يُنَقِّصُوهُ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ
Telah menceritakan kepadaku Yahya dari Malik dari [Yahya bin Sa'id] bahwa telah sampai kepadanya, bahwa Mu'awiyah bin Abu Sufyan menulis surat kepada [Zaid bin Tsabi] menanyakan tentang bagian waris untuk seorang kakek. Zaid bin Tsabit lalu mengirim balasannya; "Kamu telah menulis surat kepadaku dengan menanyakan tentang bagian kakek dari harta warisan. Maka Allah yang lebih tahu, sebab yang demikian itu belum ada yang memutuskan kecuali para Amir yakni para khulafa'. Saya pernah hidup semasa dengan dua Khalifah sebelummu, yang [keduanya] telah memberikan bagian untuk kakek setengah bersama satu saudara laki-laki dan sepertiga jika bersama dua saudara laki-laki. Jika saudara laki-laki itu banyak jumlahnya maka hal tersebut tidak mengurangi sepertiga dari bagiannya
Muwatta' Malik 1075Shahih
أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ فَرَضَ لِلْجَدِّ الَّذِي يَفْرِضُ النَّاسُ لَهُ الْيَوْمَ
Telah menceritakan kepadaku dari Malik dari [Ibnu Syihab] dari [Qabishah bin Dzu`aib] bahwa [Umar bin Khattab] menentukan bagian warisan untuk kakek sebagaimana yang ditentukan oleh manusia sekarang ini
Muwatta' Malik 1076Penilai berbeda pendapat
فَرَضَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ وَعُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ وَزَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ لِلْجَدِّ مَعَ الإِخْوَةِ الثُّلُثَ قَالَ مَالِكٌ وَالأَمْرُ الْمُجْتَمَعُ عَلَيْهِ عِنْدَنَا وَالَّذِي أَدْرَكْتُ عَلَيْهِ أَهْلَ الْعِلْمِ بِبَلَدِنَا أَنَّ الْجَدَّ أَبَا الأَبِ لاَ يَرِثُ مَعَ الأَبِ دِنْيَا شَيْئًا وَهُوَ يُفْرَضُ لَهُ مَعَ الْوَلَدِ الذَّكَرِ وَمَعَ ابْنِ الاِبْنِ الذَّكَرِ السُّدُسُ فَرِيضَةً وَهُوَ فِيمَا سِوَى ذَلِكَ مَا لَمْ يَتْرُكِ الْمُتَوَفَّى أَخًا أَوْ أُخْتًا لأَبِيهِ يُبَدَّأُ بِأَحَدٍ إِنْ شَرَّكَهُ بِفَرِيضَةٍ مُسَمَّاةٍ فَيُعْطَوْنَ فَرَائِضَهُمْ فَإِنْ فَضَلَ مِنَ الْمَالِ السُّدُسُ فَمَا فَوْقَهُ فُرِضَ لِلْجَدِّ السُّدُسُ فَرِيضَةً قَالَ مَالِكٌ وَالْجَدُّ وَالإِخْوَةُ لِلأَبِ وَالأُمِّ إِذَا شَرَّكَهُمْ أَحَدٌ بِفَرِيضَةٍ مُسَمَّاةٍ يُبَدَّأُ بِمَنْ شَرَّكَهُمْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْفَرَائِضِ فَيُعْطَوْنَ فَرَائِضَهُمْ فَمَا بَقِيَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ لِلْجَدِّ وَالإِخْوَةِ مِنْ شَىْءٍ فَإِنَّهُ يُنْظَرُ أَىُّ ذَلِكَ أَفْضَلُ لِحَظِّ الْجَدِّ أُعْطِيَهُ الثُّلُثُ مِمَّا بَقِيَ لَهُ وَلِلإِخْوَةِ أَوْ يَكُونُ بِمَنْزِلَةِ رَجُلٍ مِنَ الإِخْوَةِ فِيمَا يَحْصُلُ لَهُ وَلَهُمْ يُقَاسِمُهُمْ بِمِثْلِ حِصَّةِ أَحَدِهِمْ أَوِ السُّدُسُ مِنْ رَأْسِ الْمَالِ كُلِّهِ أَىُّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ أَفْضَلَ لِحَظِّ الْجَدِّ أُعْطِيَهُ الْجَدُّ وَكَانَ مَا بَقِيَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ لِلإِخْوَةِ لِلأَبِ وَالأُمِّ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الأُنْثَيَيْنِ إِلاَّ فِي فَرِيضَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ تَكُونُ قِسْمَتُهُمْ فِيهَا عَلَى غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ وَتِلْكَ الْفَرِيضَةُ امْرَأَةٌ تُوُفِّيَتْ وَتَرَكَتْ زَوْجَهَا وَأُمَّهَا وَأُخْتَهَا لأُمِّهَا وَأَبِيهَا وَجَدَّهَا فَلِلزَّوْجِ النِّصْفُ وَلِلأُمِّ الثُّلُثُ وَلِلْجَدِّ السُّدُسُ وَلِلأُخْتِ لِلأُمِّ وَالأَبِ النِّصْفُ ثُمَّ يُجْمَعُ سُدُسُ الْجَدِّ وَنِصْفُ الأُخْتِ فَيُقْسَمُ أَثْلاَثًا لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الأُنْثَيَيْنِ فَيَكُونُ لِلْجَدِّ ثُلُثَاهُ وَلِلأُخْتِ ثُلُثُهُ قَالَ مَالِكٌ وَمِيرَاثُ الإِخْوَةِ لِلأَبِ مَعَ الْجَدِّ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ مَعَهُمْ إِخْوَةٌ لأَبٍ وَأُمٍّ كَمِيرَاثِ الإِخْوَةِ لِلأَبِ وَالأُمِّ سَوَاءٌ ذَكَرُهُمْ كَذَكَرِهِمْ وَأُنْثَاهُمْ كَأُنْثَاهُمْ فَإِذَا اجْتَمَعَ الإِخْوَةُ لِلأَبِ وَالأُمِّ وَالإِخْوَةُ لِلأَبِ فَإِنَّ الإِخْوَةَ لِلأَبِ وَالأُمِّ يُعَادُّونَ الْجَدَّ بِإِخْوَتِهِمْ لأَبِيهِمْ فَيَمْنَعُونَهُ بِهِمْ كَثْرَةَ الْمِيرَاثِ بِعَدَدِهِمْ وَلاَ يُعَادُّونَهُ بِالإِخْوَةِ لِلأُمِّ لأَنَّهُ لَوْ لَمْ يَكُنْ مَعَ الْجَدِّ غَيْرُهُمْ لَمْ يَرِثُوا مَعَهُ شَيْئًا وَكَانَ الْمَالُ كُلُّهُ لِلْجَدِّ فَمَا حَصَلَ لِلإِخْوَةِ مِنْ بَعْدِ حَظِّ الْجَدِّ فَإِنَّهُ يَكُونُ لِلإِخْوَةِ مِنَ الأَبِ وَالأُمِّ دُونَ الإِخْوَةِ لِلأَبِ وَلاَ يَكُونُ لِلإِخْوَةِ لِلأَبِ مَعَهُمْ شَىْءٌ إِلاَّ أَنْ يَكُونَ الإِخْوَةُ لِلأَبِ وَالأُمِّ امْرَأَةً وَاحِدَةً فَإِنْ كَانَتِ امْرَأَةً وَاحِدَةً فَإِنَّهَا تُعَادُّ الْجَدَّ بِإِخْوَتِهَا لأَبِيهَا مَا كَانُوا فَمَا حَصَلَ لَهُمْ وَلَهَا مِنْ شَىْءٍ كَانَ لَهَا دُونَهُمْ مَا بَيْنَهَا وَبَيْنَ أَنْ تَسْتَكْمِلَ فَرِيضَتَهَا وَفَرِيضَتُهَا النِّصْفُ مِنْ رَأْسِ الْمَالِ كُلِّهِ فَإِنْ كَانَ فِيمَا يُحَازُ لَهَا وَلإِخْوَتِهَا لأَبِيهَا فَضْلٌ عَنْ نِصْفِ رَأْسِ الْمَالِ كُلِّهِ فَهُوَ لإِخْوَتِهَا لأَبِيهَا لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الأُنْثَيَيْنِ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَفْضُلْ شَىْءٌ فَلاَ شَىْءَ لَهُمْ
Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that Sulayman ibn Yasar said, ''Umar ibn al-Khattab, Uthman ibn Affan, andZayd ibn Thabit gave the grandfather a third with full siblings". Malik said, "The generally agreed on way of doing things among us and what I have seen the people of knowledge in our city doing is that the paternal grandfather does not inherit anything at all with the father. He is given a sixth as a fixed share with the son and the grandson through a son. Other than that, when the deceased does not leave a mother or a paternal aunt, one begins with whoever has a fixed share, and they are given their shares. If there is a sixth of the property left over, the grandfather is given a sixth as a fixed share." Malik said, "When someone shares with the grandfather and the full siblings in a specified share, one begins with whoever shares with them of the people of fixed shares. They are given their shares. What is left over after that belongs to the grandfather and the full siblings. Then one sees which is the more favourable of two alternatives for the portion of the grandfather. Either a third is allotted to him and the siblings to divide between them, and he gets a share as if he were one of the siblings, or else he takes a sixth from all the capital. Whichever is the best portion for the grandfather is given to him. What is left after that, goes to the full siblings. The male gets the portion of two females except in one particular case. The division in this case is different from the preceding one. This case is when a woman dies and leaves a husband, mother, full sister and grandfather. The husband gets a half, the mother gets a third, the grandfather gets a sixth, and the full sister gets a half. The sixth of the grandfather and the half of the sister are joined and divided into thirds. The male gets the share of two females. Therefore, the grandfather has two thirds, and the sister has one third." Malik said, "The inheritance of the half-siblings by the father with the grandfather when there are no full siblings with them, is like the inheritance of the full siblings (in the same situation). The males are the same as their males and the females are the same as their females. When there are both full siblings and half-siblings by the father, the full siblings include in their number the number of half-siblings by the father, to limit the inheritance of the grandfather, i.e., if there was only one full sibling with the grandfather. They would share, after the allotting of the fixed shares, the remainder of the inheritance between them equally. If there were also two half-siblings by the father, their number is added to the division of the sum, which would then be divided four ways. A quarter going to the grandfather and three-quarters going to the full siblings who annex the shares technically allotted to the half-siblings by the father. They do not include the number of half-siblings by the mother, because if there were only half-siblings by the father they would not inherit anything with the grandfather and all the capital would belong to the grandfather, and so the siblings would not get anything after the portion of the grandfather. "It belongs to the full siblings more than the half-siblings by the father, and the half-siblings by the father do not get anything with them unless the full siblings consist of one sister. If there is one full sister, she includes the grandfather with the half-siblings by her father in the division, however many. Whatever remains for her and these half-siblings by the father goes to her rather than them until she has had her complete share, which is half of the total capital. If there is surplus beyond half of all the capital in what she and the half-siblings by the father acquire it goes to them. The male has the portion of two females. If there is nothing left over, they get nothing."
Muwatta' Malik 1077Penilai berbeda pendapat
جَاءَتِ الْجَدَّةُ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ تَسْأَلُهُ مِيرَاثَهَا فَقَالَ لَهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مَا لَكِ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ شَىْءٌ وَمَا عَلِمْتُ لَكِ فِي سُنَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ شَيْئًا فَارْجِعِي حَتَّى أَسْأَلَ النَّاسَ فَسَأَلَ النَّاسَ فَقَالَ الْمُغِيرَةُ بْنُ شُعْبَةَ حَضَرْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَعْطَاهَا السُّدُسَ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ هَلْ مَعَكَ غَيْرُكَ فَقَامَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ الأَنْصَارِيُّ فَقَالَ مِثْلَ مَا قَالَ الْمُغِيرَةُ فَأَنْفَذَهُ لَهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ ثُمَّ جَاءَتِ الْجَدَّةُ الأُخْرَى إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ تَسْأَلُهُ مِيرَاثَهَا فَقَالَ لَهَا مَا لَكِ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ شَىْءٌ وَمَا كَانَ الْقَضَاءُ الَّذِي قُضِيَ بِهِ إِلاَّ لِغَيْرِكِ وَمَا أَنَا بِزَائِدٍ فِي الْفَرَائِضِ شَيْئًا وَلَكِنَّهُ ذَلِكَ السُّدُسُ فَإِنِ اجْتَمَعْتُمَا فَهُوَ بَيْنَكُمَا وَأَيَّتُكُمَا خَلَتْ بِهِ فَهُوَ لَهَا
Telah menceritakan kepadaku Yahya dari Malik dari [Ibnu Syihab] dari ['Utsman bin Ishaq bin Kharasyah] dari [Qabishah bin Dzu`aib] ia berkata, "Seorang nenek menemui Abu Bakar Ash Shidiq untuk menanyakan tentang harta waris yang menjadi bagiannya. Abu Bakar lalu berkata kepadanya; "Saya tidak mendapatkan dalam Al Qur'an atau As Sunnah Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam bagian untukmu, maka kembalilah sehingga saya bertanya kepada kaum muslimin." Kemudian Abu Bakar bertanya kepada orang-orang, lalu [Al Mughirah bin Syu'bah] berkata; "Saya pernah hadir dalam majelis Rasulullah Shalla Allahu 'alaihi wa sallam, Beliau memberikan bagian untuk seorang nenek seperenam dari harta warisan." Abu Bakar bertanya; "Apakah ada saksi yang lain selain kamu?" [Muhammad bin Maslamah Al Anshari] berdiri seraya mengatakan sebagaimana yang diucapkan Al Mughirah. Abu Bakar Ash Shiddiq lalu memberlakukan hal itu kepada nenek tersebut. Lalu seorang nenek yang lainnya datang menemui Umar bin Khattab dan menanyakan harta warisan yang menjadi bagiannya. Umar pun berkata kepada nenek tersebut, "Tidak ada bagian untukmu dalam kitab Allah dan juga tidak ada ketentuan yang telah diputuskan kecuali untuk selainmu. Saya tidak ingin menambah sesuatupun bagian untuk seseorang dalam masalah waris, tapi saya kira bagiannya adalah seperenam. Jika kamu berdua, maka harus membagi di antara keduanya, namun jika salah satu di antara kamu meninggal dunia maka semua bagian itu untuk dia yang masih hidup
Muwatta' Malik 1078Penilai berbeda pendapat
أَتَتِ الْجَدَّتَانِ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ فَأَرَادَ أَنْ يَجْعَلَ السُّدُسَ لِلَّتِي مِنْ قِبَلِ الأُمِّ فَقَالَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأَنْصَارِ أَمَا إِنَّكَ تَتْرُكُ الَّتِي لَوْ مَاتَتْ وَهُوَ حَىٌّ كَانَ إِيَّاهَا يَرِثُ فَجَعَلَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ السُّدُسَ بَيْنَهُمَا
Telah menceritakan kepadaku dari Malik dari [Yahya bin Sa'id] dari [Al Qasim bin Muhammad] berkata; "Dua nenek menemui Abu Bakar Ash Shiddiq. Kemudian [Abu Bakar] hendak memberikan bagian seperenam untuk nenek dari pihak ibu, lalu ada seorang lelaki Anshar bertanya; 'Bagaimana kamu meninggalkan seorang nenek, yang jika dia mati sedangkan kerabatnya masih hidup maka (kerabat tersebut) mendapatkan semua harta nenek tersebut.' Abu Bakar lalu memberikan seperenam untuk dibagi di antara keduanya
Muwatta' Malik 1079Penilai berbeda pendapat
أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرِ بْنَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ كَانَ لاَ يَفْرِضُ إِلاَّ لِلْجَدَّتَيْنِ
Telah menceritakan kepadaku dari Malik dari [Abdu Rabbih bin Sa'id] bahwa [Abu Bakar bin Abdurrahman bin Al Harits bin Hisyam] tidak memberikan (bagian seperenam) kecuali untuk dua orang nenek
Muwatta' Malik 27-13Shahih
أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ سَأَلَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنِ الْكَلاَلَةِ فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَكْفِيكَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الآيَةُ الَّتِي أُنْزِلَتْ فِي الصَّيْفِ آخِرَ سُورَةِ النِّسَاءِ۔ قَالَ يَحْيَى، قَالَ مَالِكٌ: وَالْأَمْرُ عِنْدَنَا، الَّذِي لَا اخْتِلَافَ فِيهِ، وَالَّذِي أَدْرَكْتُ عَلَيْهِ أَهْلَ الْعِلْمِ، بِبَلَدِنَا، أَنَّ الْكَلَالَةَ عَلَى وَجْهَيْنِ: فَأَمَّا الْآيَةُ الَّتِي أُنْزِلَتْ فِي أَوَّلِ سُورَةِ النِّسَاءِ، الَّتِي قَالَ اللهُ: ﴿وَإِن كَانَ رَجُلٌ يُورَثُ كَلالَةً أَوِ اِمْرَأَةٌ وَلَهُ أَخٌ أَو أُخْتٌ فَلِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا السُّدُسُ فَإِن كَانُوا أَكْثَرَ مِن ذَلِكَ فَهُمْ شُرَكَاءُ فِي الثُّلُثِ﴾ [النساء ٤: ١٢]. قَالَ يَحْيَى، قَالَ مَالِكٌ: فَهذِهِ الْكَلَالَةُ الَّتِي لَا يَرِثُ فِيهَا الْإِخْوَةُ لِلْأُمِّ، حَتَّى لَا يَكُونَ وَلَدٌ وَلَا وَالِدٌ. قَالَ يَحْيَى، قَالَ مَالِكٌ: وَأَمَّا الْآيَةُ الَّتِي فِي آخِرِ النِّسَاءِ، الَّتِي قَالَ اللهُ، فِيهَا: ﴿يَستَفْتُونَكَ قُلِ اللهُ يُفتيكُم فِي الكَلالَةِ إِنِ اِمْرُؤٌ هَلَكَ لَيْسَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ وَلَهُ أُخْتٌ فَلَهَا نِصْفُ مَا تَرَكَ وَهُوَ يَرِثُهَا إِن لَمْ يَكُن لَها وَلَدٌ فَإِن كَانَتَا اِثْنَتَيْنِ فَلَهُمَا الثُّلُثَانِ مِمَّا تَرَكَ وَإِن كَانُوا إِخْوَةً رِجَالًا وَنِسَاءً فَلِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الأُنْثَيَيْنِ يُبَيِّنُ اللهُ لَكُمْ أَن تَضِلُّوا وَاللهُ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمُ﴾ [النساء ٤: ١٧٦]. قَالَ مَالِكٌ: فَهذِهِ الْكَلَالَةُ الَّتِي يَكُونُ فِيهَا الْإِخْوَةُ عَصَبَةً، إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ وَلَدٌ، فَيَرِثُونَ مَعَ الْجَدِّ فِي الْكَلَالَةِ. قَالَ يَحْيَى، قَالَ مَالِكٌ: فَالْجَدُّ يَرِثُ مَعَ الْإِخْوَةِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ أَوْلَى بِالْمِيرَاثِ مِنْهُمْ، وَذلِكَ أَنَّهُ يَرِثُ مَعَ ذُكُورِ وَلَدِ الْمُتَوَفَّى السُّدُسَ. وَالْإِخْوَةُ لَا يَرِثُونَ، مَعَ ذُكُورِ وَلَدِ الْمُتَوَفَّى شَيْئًا. وَكَيْفَ لَا يَكُونُ كَأَحَدِهِمْ، وَهُوَ يَأْخُذُ السُّدُسَ مَعَ وَلَدِ الْمُتَوَفَّى؟ فَكَيْفَ لَا يَأْخُذُ الثُّلُثَ مَعَ الْإِخْوَةِ. وَبَنُو الْأُمِّ يَأْخُذُونَ مَعَهُمُ الثُّلُثَ؟ فَالْجَدُّ هُوَ الَّذِي حَجَبَ الْإِخْوَةَ لِلْأُمِّ. وَمَنَعَهُمْ مَكَانُهُ الْمِيرَاثَ، فَهُوَ أَوْلَى بِالَّذِي كَانَ لَهُمْ، لِأَنَّهُمْ سَقَطُوا مِنْ أَجْلِهِ، وَلَوْ أَنَّ الْجَدَّ لَمْ يَأْخُذْ ذلِكَ الثُّلُثَ، أَخَذَهُ بَنُو الْأُمِّ، فَإِنَّمَا أَخَذَ مَا لَمْ يَكُنْ يَرْجِعُ إِلَى الْإِخْوَةِ لِلْأَبِ، وَكَانَ الْإِخْوَةُ لِلْأُمِّ هُمْ أَوْلَى بِذلِكَ الثُّلُثِ مِنَ الْإِخْوَةِ لِلْأَبِ، وَكَانَ الْجَدُّ هُوَ أَوْلَى بِهِ مِنَ الْإِخْوَةِ لِلْأُمِّ.
Yahya related to me from Malik from Zayd ibn Aslam that Umar ibn al-Khattab asked the Messenger of Allah ﷺ about someone who died without parents or offspring, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to him, "The ayat which was sent down in the summer at the end of the Surat an-Nisa (Sura 4) is enoughfor you." Malik said, "The generally agreed on way of doing things among us, in which there is no dispute, and which I saw the people of knowledge in our city doing, is that the person who leaves neither parent or offspring can be of two types. As for the kind described in the ayat which was sent down at the beginning of the Surat an-Nisa in which Allah, the Blessed, the Exalted! said, 'If a man or a woman has no direct heir, but has a brother or a sister by the mother, each of the two has a sixth. If there are more than that, they share equally in a third.' (Sura 4 ayat 12) This heirless one does not have heirs among his mother's siblings since there are no children or parents. As for the other kind described in the ayat which comes at the end of the Surat an-Nisa, Allah, the Blessed, the Exalted, said in it, 'They will ask you for a decision. Say, "Allah gives you a decision about the indirect heirs. If a man perishes having no children, but he has a sister, she shall receive a half of what he leaves, and he is her heir if she has no children. If there are two sisters, they shall receive two-thirds of what he leaves. If there are brothers and sisters, the male shall receive the portion of two females. Allah makes clear to you that you might not go astray. Allah has knowledge of everything" ' " (Sura 4 ayat 176). Malik said, "If this person without direct heirs (parents) or children has siblings by the father, they inherit with the grandfather from the person without direct heirs. The grandfather inherits with the siblings because he is more entitled to the inheritance than them. That is because he inherits a sixth with the male children of the deceased when the siblings do not inherit anything with the male children of the deceased. How can he not be like one of them when he takes a sixth with the children of the deceased? How can he not take a third with the siblings while the brother's sons take a third with them? The grandfather is the one who overshadows the half-siblings by the mother and keeps them from inheriting. He is more entitled to what they have because they are omitted for his sake. If the grandfather did not take that third, the half-siblings by the mother would take it and would take what does not return to the half-siblings by the father. The half-siblings by the mother are more entitled to that third than the half-siblings by the father while the grandfather is more entitled to that than the half- siblings by the mother."
Muwatta' Malik 1081Penilai berbeda pendapat
كُنْتُ جَالِسًا عِنْدَ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ فَلَمَّا صَلَّى الظُّهْرَ قَالَ يَا يَرْفَا هَلُمَّ ذَلِكَ الْكِتَابَ لِكِتَابٍ كَتَبَهُ فِي شَأْنِ الْعَمَّةِ فَنَسْأَلَ عَنْهَا وَنَسْتَخْبِرَ فِيهَا فَأَتَاهُ بِهِ يَرْفَا فَدَعَا بِتَوْرٍ أَوْ قَدَحٍ فِيهِ مَاءٌ فَمَحَا ذَلِكَ الْكِتَابَ فِيهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ لَوْ رَضِيَكِ اللَّهُ وَارِثَةً أَقَرَّكِ لَوْ رَضِيَكِ اللَّهُ أَقَرَّكِ
Telah menceritakan kepadaku Yahya dari Malik dari [Muhammad bin Abu Bakar bin Muhammad bin 'Amru bin Hazm] dari [Abdurrahman bin Handzalah Az Zuraqi] bahwa ia mengabarkan kepadanya, dari [mantan budak seorang laki-laki Quraisy] -dahulu ia dipanggil dengan nama Ibnu Mirsa- ia berkata; "Aku pernah duduk di samping [Umar bin Khattab]. Ketika shalat zhuhur selesai ia berkata; 'Wahai Yarfa, bawalah kitab itu kemari -sebuah kitab yang ia tulis untuk bagian bibi dalam waris-. Kami lalu bertanya minta penjelasan tentang kitab tersebut. Yarfa kemudian membawakan kitab tersebut, Umar lantas minta diambilkan sebuah bejana atau periuk yang berisi air, lalu Umar menghapus tulisan tersebut. Umar kemudian berkata, "Jika Allah meridlai kamu (seorang bibi) menjadi ahli waris, niscaya Allah akan menetapkannya. Jika Allah meridlai kamu, niscaya Allah akan menetapkannya
Muwatta' Malik 1082Penilai berbeda pendapat
عَجَبًا لِلْعَمَّةِ تُورَثُ وَلاَ تَرِثُ
Telah menceritakan kepadaku dari Malik dari [Muhammad bin Abu Bakar bin Hazm] bahwa ia mendengar [Bapaknya] sering berkata; " [Umar bin Khattab] pernah mengatakan; 'Sungguh mengherankan bagi seorang bibi, dia dapat mewariskan hartanya tetapi tidak mendapatkan harta warisan (dari kerabatnya)
Muwatta' Malik 27-16Shahih
قَالَ مَالِكٌ: «الْأَمْرُ الْمُجْتَمَعُ عَلَيْهِ عِنْدَنَا، الَّذِي لَا اخْتِلَافَ فِيهِ، وَالَّذِي أَدْرَكْتُ عَلَيْهِ أَهْلَ الْعِلْمِ بِبَلَدِنَا، فِي وِلَايَةِ الْعَصَبَةِ، أَنَّ الْأَخَ لِلْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ، أَوْلَى بِالْمِيرَاثِ مِنَ الْأَخِ لِلْأَبِ. وَالْأَخُ لِلْأَبِ، أَوْلَى بِالْمِيرَاثِ مِنْ بَنِي الْأَخِ لِلْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ. وَبَنُو الْأَخِ لِلْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ، أَوْلَى مِنْ بَنِي الْأَخِ لِلْأَبِ. وَبَنُو الْأَخِ لِلْأَبِ، أَوْلَى مِنْ بَنِي ابْنِ الْأَخِ لِلْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ. وَبَنُو ابْنِ الْأَخِ لِلْأَبِ، أَوْلَى مِنَ الْعَمِّ أَخِي الْأَبِ لِلْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ. وَالْعَمُّ أَخُو الْأَبِ لِلْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ، أَوْلَى مِنَ الْعَمِّ أَخِي الْأَبِ لِلْأَبِ. وَالْعَمُّ أَخُو الْأَبِ لِلْأَبِ، أَوْلَى مِنْ بَنِي الْعَمِّ أَخِي الْأَبِ لِلْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ. وَابْنُ الْعَمِّ لِلْأَبِ، أَوْلَى مِنْ عَمِّ الْأَبِ أَخِي أَبِي الْأَبِ لِلْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ» قَالَ مَالِكٌ: " وَكُلُّ شَيْءٍ سُئِلْتَ عَنْهُ مِنْ مِيرَاثِ الْعَصَبَةِ فَإِنَّهُ عَلَى نَحْوِ هَذَا: انْسُبِ الْمُتَوَفَّى وَمَنْ يُنَازِعُ فِي وِلَايَتِهِ مِنْ عَصَبَتِهِ. فَإِنْ وَجَدْتَ أَحَدًا مِنْهُمْ يَلْقَى الْمُتَوَفَّى إِلَى أَبٍ لَا يَلْقَاهُ أَحَدٌ مِنْهُمْ إِلَى أَبٍ دُونَهُ. فَاجْعَلْ مِيرَاثَهُ لِلَّذِي يَلْقَاهُ إِلَى الْأَبِ الْأَدْنَى، دُونَ مَنْ يَلْقَاهُ إِلَى فَوْقِ ذَلِكَ. فَإِنْ وَجَدْتَهُمْ كُلَّهُمْ يَلْقَوْنَهُ إِلَى أَبٍ وَاحِدٍ يَجْمَعُهُمْ جَمِيعًا، فَانْظُرْ أَقْعَدَهُمْ فِي النَّسَبِ. فَإِنْ كَانَ ابْنَ أَبٍ فَقَطْ، فَاجْعَلِ الْمِيرَاثَ لَهُ دُونَ الْأَطْرَافِ. وَإِنْ كَانَ ابْنَ أَبٍ وَأُمٍّ. وَإِنْ وَجَدْتَهُمْ مُسْتَوِينَ، يَنْتَسِبُونَ مِنْ عَدَدِ الْآبَاءِ إِلَى عَدَدٍ وَاحِدٍ. حَتَّى يَلْقَوْا نَسَبَ الْمُتَوَفَّى جَمِيعًا، وَكَانُوا كُلُّهُمْ جَمِيعًا بَنِي أَبٍ، أَوْ بَنِي أَبٍ وَأُمٍّ. فَاجْعَلِ الْمِيرَاثَ بَيْنَهُمْ سَوَاءً. وَإِنْ كَانَ وَالِدُ بَعْضِهِمْ أَخَا وَالِدِ الْمُتَوَفَّى لِلْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ. وَكَانَ مَنْ سِوَاهُ مِنْهُمْ إِنَّمَا هُوَ أَخُو أَبِي الْمُتَوَفَّى لِأَبِيهِ فَقَطْ، فَإِنَّ الْمِيرَاثَ لِبَنِي أَخِي الْمُتَوَفَّى لِأَبِيهِ وَأُمِّهِ، دُونَ بَنِي الْأَخِ لِلْأَبِ. وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ ﵎ قَالَ ﴿وَأُولُو الْأَرْحَامِ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلَى بِبَعْضٍ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ، إِنَّ اللَّهَ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ﴾ قَالَ مَالِكٌ: «وَالْجَدُّ أَبُو الْأَبِ أَوْلَى، مِنْ بَنِي الْأَخِ لِلْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ، وَأَوْلَى مِنَ الْعَمِّ أَخِي الْأَبِ لِلْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ بِالْمِيرَاثِ. وَابْنُ الْأَخِ لِلْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ، أَوْلَى مِنَ الْجَدِّ بِوَلَاءِ الْمَوَالِي»
Malik said, "The generally agreed on way of doing things among us, in which there is no dispute, and which I saw the people of knowledge in our city doing, about paternal relations is that full brothers are more entitled to inherit than half-brothers by the father and half-brothers by the father are more entitled to inherit than the children of the full brothers. The sons of the full brothers are more entitled to inherit than the sons of the half-brothers by the father. The sons of the half-brothers by the father are more entitled to inherit than the sons of the sons of the full brothers. The sons of the sons of the half-brothers by the father's side are more entitled to inherit than the paternal uncle, the full brother of the father. The paternal uncle, the full brother of the father, is more entitled to inherit than the paternal uncle, the half-brotherof the father on the father's side. The paternal uncle, the half-brother of the father on the father's side is more entitled to inherit than the sons of the paternal uncle, the full brother of the father. The son of the paternal uncle on the father's side is more entitled to inherit than the paternal great uncle, the full brother of the paternal grandfather." Malik said, "Everything about which you are questioned concerning the inheritance of the paternal relations is like this. Trace the genealogy of the deceased and whoever among the paternal relations contends for inheritance. If you find that one of them reaches the deceased by a father and none of them except him reaches him by a father, then make his inheritance to the one who reaches him by the nearest father, rather than the one who reaches him by what is above that. If you find that they all reach him by the same father who joins them, then see who is the nearest of kin. If there is only one half-brother by the father, give him the inheritance rather than more distant paternal relations. If there is a full brother and you find them equally related from a number of fathers or to one particular father so that they all reach the genealogy of the deceased and they are all half-brothers by the father or full brothers, then divide the inheritance equally among them. If the parent of one of them is an uncle (the full-brother of the father of the deceased) and whoever is with him is an uncle (the paternal half brother of the father of the deceased), the inheritance goes to the sons of the full brother of the father rather than the sons of the paternal half- brother of the father. That is because Allah, the Blessed, the Exalted, said, 'Those related by blood are nearer to one another in the Book of Allah, surely Allah has knowledge of everything.' " Malik said, "The paternal grandfather, is more entitled to inherit than sons of the full-brother, and more entitled than the uncle, the full brother of the father. The son of the father's brother is more entitled to inherit from mawali retainers (freed slaves) than the grandfathers."
Muwatta' Malik 27-17Shahih
قَالَ يَحْيَى، قَالَ مَالِكٌ: الْأَمْرُ الْمُجْتَمَعُ عَلَيْهِ، الَّذِي لَا اخْتِلَافَ فِيهِ، وَالَّذِي أَدْرَكْتُ عَلَيْهِ أَهْلَ الْعِلْمِ، بِبَلَدِنَا: أَنَّ ابْنَ الْأَخِ لِلْأُمِّ، وَالْجَدَّ أَبَا الْأُمِّ، وَالْعَمَّ أَخَا الْأَبِ لِلْأُمِّ، وَالْخَالَ، وَالْجَدَّةَ أُمَّ أَبِي الْأُمِّ، وَابْنَةَ الْأَخِ لِلْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ، وَالْعَمَّةَ، وَالْخَالَةَ؛ لَا يَرِثُونَ بِأَرْحَامِهِمْ شَيْئًا. قَالَ: وَإِنَّهُ لَا تَرِثُ امْرَأَةٌ، هِيَ أَبْعَدُ نَسَبًا مِنَ الْمُتَوَفَّى، مِمَّنْ سُمِّيَ فِي هذَا الْكِتَابِ بِرَحِمِهَا شَيْئًا. وَإِنَّهُ لَا يَرِثُ أَحَدٌ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ، شَيْئًا، إِلَاّ حَيْثُ سُمِّينَ. وَذَكَرَ اللهُ فِي كِتَابِهِ مِيرَاثَ الْأُمِّ مِنْ وَلَدِهَا، وَمِيرَاثَ الْبَنَاتِ مِنْ أَبِيهِنَّ، وَمِيرَاثَ الزَّوْجَةِ مِنْ زَوْجِهَا، وَمِيرَاثَ الْأَخَوَاتِ لِلْأَبِ، وَمِيرَاثَ الْأَخَوَاتِ لِلْأُمِّ. وَوَرِثَتِ الْجَدَّةُ بِالَّذِي جَاءَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ. وَالْمَرْأَةُ تَرِثُ مَنْ أَعْتَقَتْ، هِيَ نَفْسُهَا؛ لِأَنَّ اللهَ، قَالَ فِي كِتَابِهِ: ﴿فَإِخْوانِكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ وَمَوَالِيكُمْ﴾ [الأحزاب ٣٣: ٥].
Malik said, "The generally agreed on way of doing things among us in which there is no dispute and which I saw the people of knowledge in our citydoing, is that the child of the half-sibling by the mother, the paternal grandfather, the paternal uncle who is the maternal half- brother of the father, the maternal uncle, the great-grandmother who is the mother of the mother's father, the daughter of the full- brother, the paternal aunt, and the maternal aunt do not inherit anything by their kinship." Malik said, "The woman who is the furthest relation of the deceased of those who were named in this book, does not inherit anything by her kinship, and women do not inherit anything apart from those that are named in the Qur'an. Allah, the Blessed, the Exalted, mentioned in His Book the inheritance ofthe mother from her children, the inheritance of the daughters from their father, the inheritance of the wife from her husband, the inheritance of the full sisters, the inheritance of the half-sisters by the father and the inheritance of the half-sisters by the mother. The grandmother is made an heir by the example of the Prophet ﷺ made about her. A woman inherits from a slave she frees herself because Allah, the Blessed, the Exalted, said in His Book, 'They are your brothers in the deen and your mawali.' "
Muwatta' Malik 1083Shahih
لاَ يَرِثُ الْمُسْلِمُ الْكَافِرَ
Telah menceritakan kepadaku Yahya dari Malik dari [Ibnu Syihab] dari [Ali bin Husain bin Ali] dari ['Umar bin 'Utsman bin 'Affan] dari ['Usamah bin Zaid] bahwa Rasulullah Shalla Allahu 'alaihi wa sallam bersabda: "Orang muslim tidak dapat mewariskan hartanya kepada orang kafir
Muwatta' Malik 1084Shahih
إِنَّمَا وَرِثَ أَبَا طَالِبٍ عَقِيلٌ وَطَالِبٌ وَلَمْ يَرِثْهُ عَلِيٌّ قَالَ فَلِذَلِكَ تَرَكْنَا نَصِيبَنَا مِنَ الشِّعْبِ
Telah menceritakan kepadaku dari Malik dari [Ibnu Syihab] dari [Ali bin Husain bin Ali bin Abu Thalib] bahwa ia mengabarkan kepadanya, bahwa 'Aqil dan Thalib telah mewarisi harta dari Abu Thalib, sedang Ali tidak mewarisi hartanya. Ali bin Husain berkata; "Maka dari itu, kami tidak mengambil bagian kami berupa tanah yang ada di lembah
Muwatta' Malik 1085Hasan atau shahih
أَنَّ عَمَّةً لَهُ يَهُودِيَّةً أَوْ نَصْرَانِيَّةً تُوُفِّيَتْ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ الأَشْعَثِ ذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لِعُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ وَقَالَ لَهُ مَنْ يَرِثُهَا فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ يَرِثُهَا أَهْلُ دِينِهَا ثُمَّ أَتَى عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ فَسَأَلَهُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ لَهُ عُثْمَانُ أَتَرَانِي نَسِيتُ مَا قَالَ لَكَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ يَرِثُهَا أَهْلُ دِينِهَا
Telah menceritakan kepadaku dari Malik dari [Yahya bin Sa'id] dari [Sulaiman bin Yasar] bahwa [Muhammad bin Al Asy'ats] mengabarkan kepadanya bahwa bibinya yang beragama Yahudi atau Nasrani telah meninggal. Muhammad bin Al Asy'ats lalu menceritakan hal itu kepada Umar bin Khattab dan bertanya kepadanya, "Siapa yang akan mendapatkan harta warisannya?" ' [Umar bin Khattab] menjawab; "Yang akan mendapatkan warisannya adalah orang yang seagama dengannya". Kemudian dia mendatangi [Utsman bin Affan] untuk menanyakan hal itu juga, Utsman balik bertanya; "Apakah kamu lupa dengan apa yang dikatakan Umar bin Khattab, bahwa yang mendapatkan warisan adalah orang yang seagama dengannya?
Muwatta' Malik 1086Shahih
أَنَّ نَصْرَانِيًّا أَعْتَقَهُ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ هَلَكَ قَالَ إِسْمَاعِيلُ فَأَمَرَنِي عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ أَنْ أَجْعَلَ مَالَهُ فِي بَيْتِ الْمَالِ
Telah menceritakan kepadaku dari Malik dari [Yahya bin Sa'id] dari [Isma'il bin Abu Hakim] berkata, "Seorang Nasrani yang telah dibebaskan oleh Umar bin Abdul Aziz meninggal dunia. Isma'il berkata; "Lalu [Umar bin Abdul Aziz] memerintahkan kepadaku agar memberikan semua hartanya ke Baitul Mal
Muwatta' Malik 1087Shahih
أَبَى عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ أَنْ يُوَرِّثَ أَحَدًا مِنَ الأَعَاجِمِ إِلاَّ أَحَدًا وُلِدَ فِي الْعَرَبِ
Yahya related to me from Malik from a reliable source of his who had heard Said ibn al-Musayyab say, ''Umar ibn al-Khattab refused to let anyone inherit from the non-arabs except for one who was born among the arabs." Malik said, "If a pregnant woman comes from the land of the enemy and gives birth in arab land so that he is her (an arab) child, he inherits from her if she dies, and she inherits from him if he dies, by the Book of Allah." Malik said, "The generally agreed on way of doing things among us and the sunna in which there is no dispute, and what I saw the people of knowledge in our city doing, is that a Muslim does not inherit from a kafir by kinship, clientage (wala'), or maternal relationship, nor does he (the Muslim) overshadow any (of the kafirs) from his inheritance. Malik said, "Similarly, someone who forgoes his inheritance when he is the chief heir does not overshadow anyone from his inheritance."
Muwatta' Malik 1088Shahih
أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَتَوَارَثْ مَنْ قُتِلَ يَوْمَ الْجَمَلِ وَيَوْمَ صِفِّينَ وَيَوْمَ الْحَرَّةِ ثُمَّ كَانَ يَوْمَ قُدَيْدٍ فَلَمْ يُوَرَّثْ أَحَدٌ مِنْهُمْ مِنْ صَاحِبِهِ شَيْئًا إِلاَّ مَنْ عُلِمَ أَنَّهُ قُتِلَ قَبْلَ صَاحِبِهِ
Telah menceritakan kepadaku Yahya dari Malik dari [Rabi'ah bin Abu Abdurrahman] dari beberapa ulama mereka, bahwa orang-orang yang terbunuh dalam perang Jamal, perang Shiffin dan perang Harrah tidak dapat saling mewarisi. Adapun pada perang Qudaid, tidak seorangpun yang mewarisi harta temannya kecuali jika diketahui bahwa dia terbunuh sebelum temannya
Muwatta' Malik 1089Penilai berbeda pendapat
أَنَّ عُرْوَةَ بْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ كَانَ يَقُولُ فِي وَلَدِ الْمُلاَعَنَةِ وَوَلَدِ الزِّنَا إِنَّهُ إِذَا مَاتَ وَرِثَتْهُ أُمُّهُ حَقَّهَا فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ ﷻ وَإِخْوَتُهُ لأُمِّهِ حُقُوقَهُمْ وَيَرِثُ الْبَقِيَّةَ مَوَالِي أُمِّهِ إِنْ كَانَتْ مَوْلاَةً وَإِنْ كَانَتْ عَرَبِيَّةً وَرِثَتْ حَقَّهَا وَوَرِثَ إِخْوَتُهُ لأُمِّهِ حُقُوقَهُمْ وَكَانَ مَا بَقِيَ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ قَالَ مَالِكٌ وَبَلَغَنِي عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ قَالَ مَالِكٌ وَعَلَى ذَلِكَ أَدْرَكْتُ أَهْلَ الْعِلْمِ بِبَلَدِنَا
Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that Urwa ibn az-Zubayr said about the child of lian and the child of fornication, that if they died, the mother inherited her right from them according to the Book of Allah, the Mighty, the Majestic! The siblings by the mother had their rights. The rest was inherited by the former masters of the mother if she was a freed slave. If she was a free woman by origin, she inherited her due and the siblings by the mother inherited their due, and the rest went to the Muslims. Malik said, "I heard the same as that from Sulayman ibn Yasar." Malik said, "That is what I saw the people of knowledge in our city doing."