al-Matalib al-'Aliyah 2143
✧ Prohibition of Shedding a Muslim's Blood and Violating His Honor
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وَقَالَ أَبُو يَعْلَى: حَدَّثَنَا زُهَيْرٌ، ثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللهِ الْحَنَفِيُّ، ثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ مَوْهَبٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ مَالِكَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ عَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ:
وَجَدْتُ فِي قَائِمِ سَيْفِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ كِتَابًا: « إِنَّ مِنْ أَشَدِّ النَّاسِ عُتُوًّا مَنْ ضَرَبَ غَيْرَ ضَارِبِهِ، وَرَجُلٌ قَتَلَ غَيْرَ قَاتِلِهِ، وَرَجُلٌ تَوَلَّى غَيْرَ أَهْلِ نِعْمَتِهِ ; فَمَنْ فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ فَقَدْ كَفَرَ بِاللهِ وَرَسُولِهِ، وَلَا يَقْبَلُ اللهُ مِنْهُ صَرْفًا وَلَا عَدْلًا. وَفِي الْآخَرِ: الْمُؤْمِنُونَ تَكَافَأُ دِمَاؤُهُمْ وَأَمْوَالُهُمْ، يَسْعَى بِذِمَّتِهِمْ أَدْنَاهُمْ، لَا يُقْتَلُ مُسْلِمٌ بِكَافِرٍ، وَلَا ذُو عَهْدٍ فِي عَهْدِهِ، وَلَا يَتَوَارَثُ أَهْلُ مِلَّتَيْنِ، وَلَا تُنْكَحُ الْمَرْأَةُ عَلَى عَمَّتِهَا وَلَا عَلَى خَالَتِهَا، وَلَا صَلَاةَ بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ حَتَّى تَغْرُبَ الشَّمْسُ، وَلَا تُسَافِرِ الْمَرْأَةُ ثَلَاثَ لَيَالٍ مَعَ غَيْرِ مَحْرَمٍ
Translation
Chain of narrators
- Abū Yaʿlá
- Zuhayr
- ʿUbaydullāh al-Ḥanafī
- ʿUbaydullāh b. ʿAbd al-Raḥman b. Mawhab
- Mālik b. Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Raḥman Yuḥaddith
- ʿAmrah
- ʿĀʾishah
✧ I found on the blade of the sword of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ a writing: “Among the people most severe in transgression is one who strikes someone other than the one who struck him, a man who kills someone other than his killer, and a man who gives allegiance to someone other than the people who have shown him favor. Whoever does that has disbelieved in Allah and His Messenger, and Allah will accept from him neither ransom nor recompense. And in the other: The believers’ blood is equal in value and their wealth is equal in protection; the lowest of them may grant protection on their behalf; a Muslim is not to be killed for a disbeliever, nor one who has a covenant while his covenant remains; the people of two different religions do not inherit from one another; a woman is not to be married to her paternal aunt or her maternal aunt; there is no prayer after ‘Asr until the sun sets; and a woman is not to travel three nights without a mahram.”
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What scholars said about it
In their own words, as Hadith Unlocked records them. They are shown, not summarised into a grade.
- Abū Bakr Aḥmad b. al-Ḥusayn al-Bayhaqī
ليس فيها شيء على شرط الصحيح
machine translationNone of them meets the criteria of the Ṣaḥīḥ.
in المطالب العالية, p. 2143
Other narrations of this report
Musnad Ahmad 21752Sunan ad-Darimi 3040Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah 32100Musannaf 'Abd al-Razzaq 19388Musannaf 'Abd al-Razzaq 9935al-Sunan al-Kubra (al-Bayhaqi) 12356
Narrators
- Mother of the Believers, the most knowledgeable woman in jurisprudence absolutely (afqah al-nisāʾ muṭlaqan)d. 57 AH, or 58 AHعَائِشَةُ بِنْتُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِأم المؤمنين ، أفقه النساء مطلقاعن
- trustworthy (thiqah)d. Abū Ḥassān al-Ziyādī said: it is said she died in the year ninety-eight. Abū ʿUbayd Muḥammad b. Yaḥyá Ibn al-Ḥadhdhāʾ said: she died in 106 AH; Ibn Abī ʿĀṣim said: she died in 103 AH.عَمْرَةَثقةيحدث عن
- مَالِكَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِسمعت
- not strong (laysa bi-l-qawī)d. 154 AHعُبَيْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ مَوْهَبٍليس بالقويحدثنا
- truthful (ṣadūq)d. 209 AHعُبَيْدُ اللهِ الْحَنَفِيُّصدوقحدثنا
- trustworthy, precise (thiqah thabt)d. 234 AH, also said: 232 AHزُهَيْرٌثقة ثبتحدثنا
- d. 307 AHأَبُو يَعْلَى
Who each narrator was and how reliable, from hdith.com
Latin names and English verdicts with a dotted underline are machine translations, not reviewed.