Dalil
العربية

al-Matalib al-'Aliyah 2142

✧ Prohibition of Shedding a Muslim's Blood and Violating His Honor

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وَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: حَدَّثَنَا زَيْدُ بْنُ الْحُبَابِ، ثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ عُبَيْدَةَ الرَّبَذِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي صَدَقَةُ بْنُ يَسَارٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ؓ، قَالَ:

« نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ السُّورَةُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ أَوْسَطَ أَيَّامِ التَّشْرِيقِ بِمِنًى، وَهُوَ فِي حَجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ: إِذَا جَاءَ نَصْرُ اللهِ وَالْفَتْحُ... حَتَّى خَتَمَهَا. فَعَرَفَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَنَّهُ الْوَدَاعُ، فَأَمَرَ بِرَاحِلَتِهِ الْقَصْوَى، فَرُحِلَتْ لَهُ فَوَقَفَ ﷺ لِلنَّاسِ بِالْعَقَبَةِ، فَاجْتَمَعَ إِلَيْهِ النَّاسُ، فَحَمِدَ اللهَ تَعَالَى وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ بِمَا هُوَ لَهُ أَهْلٌ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، إِنَّ كُلَّ دَمٍ كَانَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَهُوَ هَدَرٌ، وَأَوَّلُ دَمٍ أَضَعُهُ دَمُ إِيَاسِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، كَانَ مُسْتَرْضَعًا فِي بَنِي لَيْثٍ فَقَتَلَتْهُ هُذَيْلٌ. وَإِنَّ أَوَّلَ رِبًا أَضَعُهُ رِبَا الْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ ؓ، لَكُمْ رُؤُوسُ أَمْوَالِكُمْ لَا تَظْلِمُونَ وَلَا تُظْلَمُونَ

Translation

Chain of narrators
  1. Abū Bakr
  2. Zayd b. al-Ḥubāb
  3. Mūsá b. ʿUbaydah al-Rabadhī
  4. Ṣadaqah b. Yasār
  5. Ibn ʿUmar

✧ This surah was revealed to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in the middle of the days of Tashriq at Mina, while he was on the Farewell Hajj: “When the victory of Allah and the conquest comes…” until he finished it. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ knew that it was the farewell, so he ordered his mount al-Qaswa' to be saddled, and it was saddled for him. He ﷺ stood for the people at al-'Aqabah, and the people gathered to him. He praised Allah, the Exalted, and extolled Him as He deserves, then said: O people, every blood that was shed in the pre-Islamic ignorance is now null and void, and the first blood I abolish is the blood of Iyas b. Rabi'ah b. al-Harith, who was being nursed among Banu Layth and was killed by Hudhayl. And the first usury I abolish is the usury of al-'Abbas b. 'Abd al-Muttalib ؓ. You shall have your capital sums, so you do not wrong and you are not wronged.

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