al-Matalib al-'Aliyah 1997
✧ The Husband's Right Over the Woman
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وَقَالَ أَبُو يَعْلَى: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ وَكِيعٍ، ثَنَا أَبِي، ثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ سَلَّامٍ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ أَبِي سَلَّامٍ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ السَّكْسَكِيِّ هُوَ ابْنُ يُخَامِرَ قَالَ: إِنَّ مُعَاذَ بْنَ جَبَلٍ ؓ حَدَّثَهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ:
« لَا يَحِلُّ لِامْرَأَةٍ تَأْخُذُ مِنْ بَيْتِ زَوْجِهَا إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ زَوْجِهَا، وَلَا يَحِلُّ لَهَا أَنْ تَأْخُذَهُ وَهُوَ كَارِهٌ، وَلَا تَخْرُجَ وَهُوَ كَارِهٌ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِهِ، وَلَا تُطْمِعَ فِيهِ أَحَدًا مَا اصْطَحَبَا، وَلَا تُخَشِّنَ بِصَدْرِهِ، وَلَا تَعْتَزِلَ فِرَاشَهُ. وَلَا تُضَارَّ بِهِ وَإِنْ كَانَ هُوَ أَظْلَمَ مِنْهَا أَنْ تَأْتِيَهُ حَتَّى تُرْضِيَهُ ; فَإِنْ هُوَ قَبِلَ مِنْهَا فَبِهَا وَنِعْمَتْ، قَبِلَ اللهُ عُذْرَهَا، وَأَفْلَحَ حُجَّتَهَا، وَلَا إِثْمَ عَلَيْهَا. وَإِنْ أَبَى الزَّوْجُ أَنْ يَرْضَى فَقَدْ أَبْلَغَتْ إِلَيْهِ عُذْرَهَا. وَإِنْ لَمْ تَفْعَلْ مِنْ ذَلِكَ شَيْئًا، فَرَضِيَتْ بِالصِّرَامِ حَتَّى تَمْضِيَ لَهَا ثَلَاثُ لَيَالٍ. وَإِنْ أَذِنَتْ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِهِ، أَوْ أَتَتْ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِهِ فِي زِيَارَةِ وَالِدٍ أَوْ غَيْرِهِ مَا شَهِدَ عِنْدَهَا، فَأَحْنَثَتْ لَهُ قَسَمًا، وَأَطَاعَتْ فِيهِ وَالِدًا أَوْ وَلَدًا، أَوِ اعْتَزَلَتْ لَهُ مَضْجَعًا، أَوْ خَشَّنَتْ لَهُ صَدْرًا - فَإِنَّهُنَّ لَا يَزَالُ يُكْتَبُ عَلَيْهِنَّ ثَلَاثٌ مِنَ الْكَبَائِرِ مَا فَعَلْنَ ذَلِكَ: أَكْبَرُ الْكَبَائِرِ: الْإِشْرَاكُ بِاللهِ، وَقَتْلُ الْمُؤْمِنِ مُتَعَمِّدًا، وَالثَّالِثُ: أَكْلُ الرِّبَا. وَكَفَى بِالْمَرْأَةِ إِثْمًا أَنْ تَأْتِيَ كُلَّمَا غَضِبَ عَلَيْهَا زَوْجُهَا ثَلَاثًا مِنَ الْكَبَائِرِ، اسْتَحْوَذَ عَلَيْهَا الشَّيْطَانُ، فَأَصْبَحَتْ مِنْ أَهْلِ النَّارِ ». قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا مُعَاذٌ ؓ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ: « لَا تَزَالُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ تَلْعَنُهَا، وَيَلْعَنُهَا اللهُ تَعَالَى، وَخُزَّانُ دَارِ الرَّحْمَةِ وَدَارِ الْعَذَابِ مِمَّا انْتَهَكَتْ مِنْ مَعْصِيَةِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ
Translation
Chain of narrators
- Abū Yaʿlá
- Sufyān b. Wakīʿ
- my father
- ʿAlī b. al-Mubārak
- Yaḥyá b. Abū Kathīr
- Zayd b. Sallām
- Jaddih Abū Sallām
- Mālik al-Saksakī
- Ibn Yukhāmir
- In Muʿādh b. Jabal
- Rasūl Allāh ﷺ
✧ "It is not lawful for a woman to take from her husband's house except with her husband's permission. It is not lawful for her to take it while he is unwilling, nor to go out while he is unwilling without his permission, nor to make anyone covet him as long as they are together, nor to be harsh toward him, nor to keep away from his bed. She should not harm him, even if he is more unjust than her, until she comes to him and pleases him. If he accepts from her, then it is good and excellent; God accepts her excuse, and her argument prevails, and there is no sin upon her. If the husband refuses to be pleased, she has presented her excuse to him. If she does none of that, and she is content with separation until three nights pass for her. If she permits without his permission, or comes without his permission to visit a parent or someone else, and she breaks an oath for him, and obeys a parent or child in that, or keeps away from his bed, or is harsh toward him—then three major sins are written against them as long as they do that: the greatest of major sins: associating partners with God, killing a believer deliberately, and the third: consuming usury. It is a sufficient sin for a woman that every time her husband is angry with her, three major sins come, the devil takes control of her, and she becomes one of the people of the Fire." He said: "And Muʿādh ؓ narrated to us that the Messenger of God ﷺ said: 'The angels continue to curse her, and God Almighty curses her, and the keepers of the abode of mercy and the abode of punishment curse her because of what she has violated of disobedience to God, Mighty and Majestic.'"
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What scholars said about it
In their own words, as Hadith Unlocked records them. They are shown, not summarised into a grade.
- Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī
هذا حديث رجاله ثقات أثبات إلا شيخ أبي يعلى فهو من منكراته وكان صدوقا في نفسه
machine translationThe narrators of this hadith are trustworthy (thiqāt) and reliable (athbāt), except for the teacher of Abū Yaʿlā, for this is among his objectionable narrations (munkarāt), though he was truthful (ṣadūq) in himself.
in المطالب العالية, p. 1997
Other narrations of this report
al-Mu'jam al-Kabir (al-Tabarani) 18388al-Mu'jam al-Kabir (al-Tabarani) 18389al-Sunan al-Kubra (al-Bayhaqi) 14832Musnad al-Bazzar 2667al-Mustadrak (al-Hakim) 2770
Narrators
- well-known, among the notable Companionsd. 17 AH, or: 18 AHمُعَاذ بْن جَبَلمشهور ، من أعيان الصحابةحدثه
- mukhaḍram; also said he was a Companiond. 69 AH, or 70 AH, or 72 AHمَالِكٍ السَّكْسَكِيِّ هُوَ ابْنُ يُخَامِرَمخضرم ، ويقال : له صحبةعن
- trustworthy (thiqah), he narrates mursal reports (yursil)d. between 101 and 110 AHأَبِي سَلَّامٍثقة يرسلعن
- trustworthy (thiqah)d. between 121 AH and 130 AHزَيْدِ بْنِ سَلَّامٍثقةعن
- trustworthy and reliable (thiqah thabt), but he practiced tadlīs and irsāld. 129 AH or 130 AH or 132 AHيَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍثقة ثبت ، لكنه يدلس ويرسلعن
- trustworthy (thiqah), he had two books from Yaḥyā b. Abī Kathīr: one heard directly, and the other mursal. So the hadith of the Kufans from him has something in itd. between 151 and 160 AHعَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِثقة ، كان له عن يحيى بن أبي كثير كتابان : أحدهما سماع ، والآخر إرسال . فحديث الكوفيين عنه فيه شيءحدثنا
- Trustworthy, a memorizer, devout (thiqah ḥāfiẓ ʿābid)d. 196 AH, or 197 AH, or 198 AHأَبِيثقة حافظ عابدحدثنا
- he was truthful (ṣadūq), except that he was afflicted by his copyist, who inserted into his material what was not his hadith; he was advised but did not accept, so his hadith felld. 247 AHسُفْيَانُ بْنُ وَكِيعٍكان صدوقا ، إلا أنه ابتلي بوراقه فأدخل عليه ما ليس من حديثه فنصح فلم يقبل فسقط حديثهحدثنا
- d. 307 AHأَبُو يَعْلَى
Who each narrator was and how reliable, from hdith.com
Latin names and English verdicts with a dotted underline are machine translations, not reviewed.