12. Expiation
Sunan Ibn Majah 2090Sahih
كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِذَا حَلَفَ قَالَ وَالَّذِي نَفْسُ مُحَمَّدٍ بِيَدِهِ
"When the Prophet ﷺ took an oath he would say: 'By the One in Whose Hand is the soul of Muhammad."'
Sunan Ibn Majah 2091Sahih
كَانَتْ يَمِينُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ التَّى يَحْلِفُ بِهَا أَشْهَدُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ
"The swearing of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ when he took an oath and I bear witness before Allah was: 'By the One in Whose Hand is my soul."'
Sunan Ibn Majah 2092Graders disagree
كَانَتْ أَكْثَرُ أَيْمَانِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ لاَ وَمُصَرِّفِ الْقُلُوبِ
"The swearing most frequently sworn by the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was: 'No, by the Controller of the hearts."'
كَانَتْ يَمِينُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ لاَ وَأَسْتَغْفِرُ اللَّهَ
"The swearing of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was: 'No, and I ask Allah for forgiveness."'
Sunan Ibn Majah 2094Sahih
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ سَمِعَهُ يَحْلِفُ بِأَبِيهِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَنْهَاكُمْ أَنْ تَحْلِفُوا بِآبَائِكُمْ قَالَ عُمَرُ فَمَا حَلَفْتُ بِهَا ذَاكِرًا وَلاَ آثِرًا
the Messenger of Allah ﷺ heard him swearing by his father. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: 'Allah forbids you from making oaths by your forefathers." 'Umar said: I never took an oath by them (i.e., my forefathers) myself nor narrating such words from anyone else.”
Sunan Ibn Majah 2095Sahih
لاَ تَحْلِفُوا بِالطَّوَاغِي وَلاَ بِآبَائِكُمْ
the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: 'Do not take oaths by idols nor by your forefathers. "
Sunan Ibn Majah 2096Sahih
مَنْ حَلَفَ فَقَالَ فِي يَمِينِهِ بِاللاَّتِ وَالْعُزَّى فَلْيَقُلْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ
the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Whoever takes an oath, and swears, saying: 'By Al-Lat and Al-Uzza,' let him say:'La ilaha illallah.' "
Sunan Ibn Majah 2097Graders disagree
حَلَفْتُ بِاللاَّتِ وَالْعُزَّى فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قُلْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لاَ شَرِيكَ لَهُ ثُمَّ انْفُثْ عَنْ يَسَارِكَ ثَلاَثًا وَتَعَوَّذْ وَلاَ تَعُدْ
"I took an oath by Lat and 'Uzza. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: 'Say: "La ilaha illallah wahdahu la sharika lahu" (None has the right to be worshipped but Allah alone, with no partner or associate)," then spit toward your left three times, and seek refuge with Allah, and do not do that again."'
Sunan Ibn Majah 2098Sahih
مَنْ حَلَفَ بِمِلَّةٍ سِوَى الإِسْلاَمِ كَاذِبًا مُتَعَمِّدًا فَهُوَ كَمَا قَالَ
The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: 'Whoever takes an oath to follow a religion other than Islam, telling a deliberate lie, he will be as he said.'"
سَمِعَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ رَجُلاً يَقُولُ أَنَا إِذًا لَيَهُودِيٌّ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَجَبَتْ
"If that happens, I will be a Jew." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: 'That is guaranteed."
Sunan Ibn Majah 2100Hasan or sahih
مَنْ قَالَ إِنِّي بَرِيءٌ مِنَ الإِسْلاَمِ فَإِنْ كَانَ كَاذِبًا فَهُوَ كَمَا قَالَ وَإِنْ كَانَ صَادِقًا لَمْ يَعُدْ إِلَيْهِ الإِسْلاَمُ سَالِمًا
the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Whoever says: 'I have nothing to do with Islam,' if he is lying then he is as he said, and if he is telling the truth, his Islam will not be sound."
Sunan Ibn Majah 2101Graders disagree
سَمِعَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ رَجُلاً يَحْلِفُ بِأَبِيهِ فَقَالَ لاَ تَحْلِفُوا بِآبَائِكُمْ مَنْ حَلَفَ بِاللَّهِ فَلْيَصْدُقْ وَمَنْ حُلِفَ لَهُ بِاللَّهِ فَلْيَرْضَ وَمَنْ لَمْ يَرْضَ بِاللَّهِ فَلَيْسَ مِنَ اللَّهِ
"The Messenger of Allah ﷺ heard a man taking an oath by his father and said: 'Do not make oaths by your forefathers. Whoever makes an oath by Allah, let him fulfill his oath, and if an oath is sworn for a person by Allah, let him accept it. Whoever is not content with Allah has nothing to do with Allah.'
Sunan Ibn Majah 2102Sahih
رَأَى عِيسَى ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ رَجُلاً يَسْرِقُ فَقَالَ أَسَرَقْتَ قَالَ لاَ وَالَّذِي لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ هُوَ فَقَالَ عِيسَى آمَنْتُ بِاللَّهِ وَكَذَّبْتُ بَصَرِي
"Eisa bin Maryam saw a man stealing and said: 'Did you steal?' He said: 'No, by the One besides Whom there is no other God.' 'Eisa said: 'I believe in Allah, and I do not believe what my eyes see.'"
إِنَّمَا الْحَلِفُ حِنْثٌ أَوْ نَدَمٌ
the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "An oath (leads to) either sin or regret. "
Sunan Ibn Majah 2104Sahih
مَنْ حَلَفَ فَقَالَ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ فَلَهُ ثُنْيَاهُ
'Whoever swears an oath and says In sha' Allah, he will have made an exception."(2)
Sunan Ibn Majah 2105Sahih
مَنْ حَلَفَ وَاسْتَثْنَى إِنْ شَاءَ رَجَعَ وَإِنْ شَاءَ تَرَكَ غَيْرُ حَانِثٍ
"Whoever swears an oath and says In sha' Allah, if he wishes he may go ahead and if he wishes he may not, without having broken his oath."
Sunan Ibn Majah 2106Sahih
مَنْ حَلَفَ وَاسْتَثْنَى فَلَمْ يَحْنَثْ
"Whoever swears an oath and says In sha' Allah, will never break his oath."
Sunan Ibn Majah 2107Sahih
أَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي رَهْطٍ مِنَ الأَشْعَرِيِّينَ نَسْتَحْمِلُهُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَاللَّهِ مَا أَحْمِلُكُمْ وَمَا عِنْدِي مَا أَحْمِلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ فَلَبِثْنَا مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ ثُمَّ أُتِيَ بِإِبِلٍ فَأَمَرَ لَنَا بِثَلاَثَةِ إِبِلٍ ذَوْدٍ غُرِّ الذُّرَى فَلَمَّا انْطَلَقْنَا قَالَ بَعْضُنَا لِبَعْضٍ أَتَيْنَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَسْتَحْمِلُهُ فَحَلَفَ أَلاَّ يَحْمِلَنَا ثُمَّ حَمَلَنَا ارْجِعُوا بِنَا فَأَتَيْنَاهُ فَقُلْنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّا أَتَيْنَاكَ نَسْتَحْمِلُكَ فَحَلَفْتَ أَنْ لاَ تَحْمِلَنَا ثُمَّ حَمَلْتَنَا فَقَالَ وَاللَّهِ مَا أَنَا حَمَلْتُكُمْ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ حَمَلَكُمْ وَاللَّهِ مَا أَنَا حَمَلْتُكُمْ بَلِ اللَّهُ حَمَلَكُمْ إِنِّي وَاللَّهِ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ لاَ أَحْلِفُ عَلَى يَمِينٍ فَأَرَى غَيْرَهَا خَيْرًا مِنْهَا إِلاَّ كَفَّرْتُ عَنْ يَمِينِي وَأَتَيْتُ الَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ أَوْ قَالَ أَتَيْتُ الَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ وَكَفَّرْتُ عَنْ يَمِينِي
"I came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ with a group of Asharites and asked him to give us animals to ride. He said: 'By Allah, I cannot give you anything to ride, and I have nothing to give you to ride.' We stayed as long as Allah willed, then some camels were brought to him. He ordered that we be given three she-camels with fine humps. When we left, we said to one another: 'We came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to ask him for animals to ride, and he swore by Allah that he would not give us anything to ride, then he gave us something. Let us go back.' So we went to him and we said: 'O Messenger of Allah! We came to you seeking mounts, and you took an oath that you would not give us mounts, then you gave us some mounts.' He said: 'By Allah, I did not give you animals to ride, rather Allah gave you them to ride. I, by Allah, if Allah wills, do not swear and then see something better than it, but I offer expiation for what I swore about, and do that which is better.' Or he said: 'I do that which is better and offer expiation for what I swore about.'"
Sunan Ibn Majah 2108Sahih
مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ فَرَأَى غَيْرَهَا خَيْرًا مِنْهَا فَلْيَأْتِ الَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ وَلْيُكَفِّرْ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ
the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, said: "Whoever swears an oath then sees that something else is better than it, let him do that which is better and offer expiation for what he swore about. "
Sunan Ibn Majah 2109Sahih
قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ يَأْتِينِي ابْنُ عَمِّي فَأَحْلِفُ أَنْ لاَ أُعْطِيَهُ وَلاَ أَصِلَهُ قَالَ كَفِّرْ عَنْ يَمِينِكَ
"I said: 'O Messenger of Allah, my cousin comes to me and I swear that I will not give him anything or uphold the ties of kinship with him.' He said: 'Offer expiation for what you swore about.'"
Sunan Ibn Majah 2110Graders disagree
مَنْ حَلَفَ فِي قَطِيعَةِ رَحِمٍ أَوْ فِيمَا لاَ يَصْلُحُ فَبِرُّهُ أَنْ لاَ يَتِمَّ عَلَى ذَلِكَ
"Whoever takes an oath to cut off the ties of kinship, or to do something that is not right, the fulfillment of his vow is not to do that."
Sunan Ibn Majah 2111Graders disagree
مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ فَرَأَى غَيْرَهَا خَيْرًا مِنْهَا فَلْيَتْرُكْهَا فَإِنَّ تَرْكَهَا كَفَّارَتُهَا
"Whoever swears an oath then sees that something else is better than it, let him not do it, and his leaving it is the expiation for it. "
كَفَّرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِصَاعٍ مِنْ تَمْرٍ وَأَمَرَ النَّاسَ بِذَلِكَ فَمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ فَنِصْفُ صَاعٍ مِنْ بُرٍّ
"The Messenger of Allah ﷺ offered expiation of a Sa' of dates, and he enjoined the people to do likewise. Whoever does not have that (must give) half a Sa' of wheat."
كَانَ الرَّجُلُ يَقُوتُ أَهْلَهُ قُوتًا فِيهِ سَعَةٌ وَكَانَ الرَّجُلُ يَقُوتُ أَهْلَهُ قُوتًا فِيهِ شِدَّةٌ فَنَزَلَتْ {مِنْ أَوْسَطِ مَا تُطْعِمُونَ أَهْلِيكُمْ}
"A man would give his family food that was abundant and another would give his family food that was barely sufficient, then the following was revealed: 'With the Awsat of that with which you feed your families...’”(2)
Sunan Ibn Majah 2114Sahih
إِذَا اسْتَلَجَّ أَحَدُكُمْ فِي الْيَمِينِ فَإِنَّهُ آثَمُ لَهُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ مِنَ الْكَفَّارَةِ الَّتِي أُمِرَ بِهَا
"If anyone of you insists on fulfilling what he swore to (after learning that it is wrong) then it is more sinful before Allah than (breaking the oath for which) the expiation that has been enjoined upon him."
Sunan Ibn Majah 2115Sahih
أَمَرَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِإِبْرَارِ الْمُقْسِمِ
'The Messenger of Allah ﷺ commanded us to help fulfill the oath."
لَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ فَتْحِ مَكَّةَ جَاءَ بِأَبِيهِ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ اجْعَلْ لأَبِي نَصِيبًا فِي الْهِجْرَةِ فَقَالَ إِنَّهُ لاَ هِجْرَةَ فَانْطَلَقَ فَدَخَلَ عَلَى الْعَبَّاسِ فَقَالَ قَدْ عَرَفْتَنِي فَقَالَ أَجَلْ فَخَرَجَ الْعَبَّاسُ فِي قَمِيصٍ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ رِدَاءٌ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَدْ عَرَفْتَ فُلاَنًا وَالَّذِي بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَهُ جَاءَ بِأَبِيهِ لِيُبَايِعَكَ عَلَى الْهِجْرَةِ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِنَّهُ لاَ هِجْرَةَ فَقَالَ الْعَبَّاسُ أَقْسَمْتُ عَلَيْكَ فَمَدَّ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَدَهُ فَمَسَّ يَدَهُ فَقَالَ أَبْرَرْتُ عَمِّي وَلاَ هِجْرَةَ
"On the Day of the conquest of Makkah, he came with his father and he said: 'O Messenger of Allah, give my father a share of Hijrah.' He said: 'There is no Hijrah.' Then he went away and entered upon 'Abbas and said: 'Do you know who I am?' He said: 'Yes.' Then 'Abbas went out, wearing a shirt and no upper wrap, and said: 'O Messenger of Allah, do you know so-and-so with whom we have friendly ties? He brought his father to swear an oath of allegiance (i.e., promise) to emigrate.' The Prophet ﷺ said: 'There is no Hijrah.'" 'Abbas said: 'I adjure you to do it.' The Prophet ﷺ stretched forth his hand and touched his hand, and said: 'I have fulfilled the oath of my uncle, but there is no Hijrah."' (Da'if)Another chain with similar wording. Yazid bin Abu Ziyad said: "Meaning: There is no Hijrah from a land whose people have accepted Islam."
Sunan Ibn Majah 2117Hasan or sahih
إِذَا حَلَفَ أَحَدُكُمْ فَلاَ يَقُلْ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ وَشِئْتَ وَلَكِنْ لِيَقُلْ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ ثُمَّ شِئْتَ
'When anyone of you swears an oath, let him not say: 'What Allah wills and what you will.' Rather let him say: 'What Allah wills and then what you will.'
Sunan Ibn Majah 2118Graders disagree
أَنَّ رَجُلاً مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ رَأَى فِي النَّوْمِ أَنَّهُ لَقِيَ رَجُلاً مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ فَقَالَ نِعْمَ الْقَوْمُ أَنْتُمْ لَوْلاَ أَنَّكُمْ تُشْرِكُونَ تَقُولُونَ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ وَشَاءَ مُحَمَّدٌ وَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ أَمَا وَاللَّهِ إِنْ كُنْتُ لأَعْرِفُهَا لَكُمْ قُولُوا مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ ثُمَّ شَاءَ مُحَمَّدٌ
a Muslim man saw in a dream that he met a man from among the People of the Book, who said: "What good people you would be if only you were not committing Shirk. For you say: 'What Allah wills and Muhammad wills."' He mentioned that to the Prophet ﷺ and he said: "By Allah, I am aware of that. Say: 'What Allah wills then what Muhammad wills."'Another chain from Tufail bin Sakhbarah, the brother of 'Aishah by her mother, from the Prophet ﷺ, with similar wording.
Sunan Ibn Majah 2119Hasan or sahih
خَرَجْنَا نُرِيدُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَمَعَنَا وَائِلُ بْنُ حُجْرٍ فَأَخَذَهُ عَدُوٌّ لَهُ فَتَحَرَّجَ النَّاسُ أَنْ يَحْلِفُوا فَحَلَفْتُ أَنَا أَنَّهُ أَخِي فَخَلَّى سَبِيلَهُ فَأَتَيْنَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ أَنَّ الْقَوْمَ تَحَرَّجُوا أَنْ يَحْلِفُوا وَحَلَفْتُ أَنَا أَنَّهُ أَخِي فَقَالَ صَدَقْتَ الْمُسْلِمُ أَخُو الْمُسْلِمِ
"We went out looking for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and Wa'il bin Hujr was with us. An enemy of his seized him and the people were reluctant to swear an oath but I swore that he was my brother, so they set him free. We came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and I told him that the people had been reluctant to swear an oath, but I had sworn that he was my brother. He said: 'You told the truth. The Muslim is the brother of his fellow Muslim.' "
Sunan Ibn Majah 2120Sahih
إِنَّمَا الْيَمِينُ عَلَى نِيَّةِ الْمُسْتَحْلِفِ
"The oath is only according to the intention of the one who requests the oath to be taken."'
Sunan Ibn Majah 2121Sahih
يَمِينُكَ عَلَى مَا يُصَدِّقُكَ بِهِ صَاحِبُكَ
"Your oath is as your companion understands it to be."
Sunan Ibn Majah 2122Sahih
نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنِ النَّذْرِ وَقَالَ إِنَّمَا يُسْتَخْرَجُ بِهِ مِنَ اللَّئِيمِ
"The Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade vows and said: 'They are just a means of taking wealth from the miserly."'
Sunan Ibn Majah 2123Sahih
إِنَّ النَّذْرَ لاَ يَأْتِي ابْنَ آدَمَ بِشَىْءٍ إِلاَّ مَا قُدِّرَ لَهُ وَلَكِنْ يَغْلِبُهُ الْقَدَرُ مَا قُدِّرَ لَهُ فَيُسْتَخْرَجُ بِهِ مِنَ الْبَخِيلِ فَيَتَيَسَّرُ عَلَيْهِ مَا لَمْ يَكُنْ يَتَيَسَّرُ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ قَبْلِ ذَلِكَ وَقَدْ قَالَ اللَّهُ أَنْفِقْ أُنْفِقْ عَلَيْكَ
"Vows do not bring the son of Adam anything unless it has been decreed for him. But he is dominated by Divine preordainment, and will get what is decreed for him. And (vows) are a means of making the miser give something, so what he desires becomes obtainable for him, which was not obtainable before his vow. And Allah says: 'Spend, I will spend on you.'
Sunan Ibn Majah 2124Sahih
لاَ نَذْرَ فِي مَعْصِيَةٍ وَلاَ نَذْرَ فِيمَا لاَ يَمْلِكُ ابْنُ آدَمَ
"[There is no vow to commit disobedience and] no vow concerning that which the son of Adam does not possess."
Sunan Ibn Majah 2125Sahih
لاَ نَذْرَ فِي مَعْصِيَةٍ وَكَفَّارَتُهُ كَفَّارَةُ يَمِينٍ
"There is no vow to commit disobedience, and the expiation (for such a vow) is the expiation for breaking an oath."
Sunan Ibn Majah 2126Hasan or sahih
مَنْ نَذَرَ أَنْ يُطِيعَ اللَّهَ فَلْيُطِعْهُ وَمَنْ نَذَرَ أَنْ يَعْصِيَ اللَّهَ فَلاَ يَعْصِهِ
"Whoever vows to obey Allah, let him obey Him, and whoever vows to disobey Allah, let him not disobey Him. "
Sunan Ibn Majah 2127Graders disagree
مَنْ نَذَرَ نَذْرًا وَلَمْ يُسَمِّهِ فَكَفَّارَتُهُ كَفَّارَةُ يَمِينٍ
"Whoever makes a vow and does not state it specifically, the expiation (for such a vow) is the expiation for breaking an oath. "
Sunan Ibn Majah 2128Graders disagree
مَنْ نَذَرَ نَذْرًا وَلَمْ يُسَمِّهِ فَكَفَّارَتُهُ كَفَّارَةُ يَمِينٍ وَمَنْ نَذَرَ نَذْرًا لَمْ يُطِقْهُ فَكَفَّارَتُهُ كَفَّارَةُ يَمِينٍ وَمَنْ نَذَرَ نَذْرًا أَطَاقَهُ فَلْيَفِ بِهِ
"Whoever makes a vow and does not state it specifically, the expiation (for such a vow) is the expiation for breaking an oath. Whoever makes a vow and is not able to fulfill it, the expiation for that is the expiation for breaking an oath. Whoever makes a vow and is able to fulfill it, let him do so."
Sunan Ibn Majah 2129Sahih
نَذَرْتُ نَذْرًا فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَسَأَلْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ بَعْدَ مَا أَسْلَمْتُ فَأَمَرَنِي أَنْ أُوفِيَ بِنَذْرِي
"I made a vow during the Ignorance period and I asked the Prophet ﷺ (about it) after I became Muslim. He told me to fulfill my vow."
Sunan Ibn Majah 2130Hasan or sahih
أَنَّ رَجُلاً جَاءَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي نَذَرْتُ أَنْ أَنْحَرَ بِبُوَانَةَ فَقَالَ فِي نَفْسِكَ شَىْءٌ مِنْ أَمْرِ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ قَالَ لاَ قَالَ أَوْفِ بِنَذْرِكَ
"O Messenger of Allah, I vowed to offer a sacrifice at Buwanah." He said: "Do you intend any action of Ignorance period?" He said: "No." He said: "Then fulfill your vow."
Sunan Ibn Majah 2131Graders disagree
أَنَّ أَبَاهَا لَقِيَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ وَهِيَ رَدِيفَةٌ لَهُ فَقَالَ إِنِّي نَذَرْتُ أَنْ أَنْحَرَ بِبُوَانَةَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ هَلْ بِهَا وَثَنٌ قَالَ لاَ قَالَ أَوْفِ بِنَذْرِكَ
her father met the Prophet ﷺ when she was riding behind him. He said: "I vowed to offer a sacrifice at Buwanah." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Is there any idol there?" He said: "No." He said: " Fulfill your vow." (Hasan)Another chain with similar wording.
Sunan Ibn Majah 2132Sahih
أَنَّ سَعْدَ بْنَ عُبَادَةَ اسْتَفْتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي نَذْرٍ كَانَ عَلَى أُمِّهِ تُوُفِّيَتْ وَلَمْ تَقْضِهِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ اقْضِهِ عَنْهَا
Sa'd bin 'Ubadah asked the Messenger of Allah ﷺ about a vow which his mother had made, but she had died without fulfilling it. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Fulfill it on her behalf."
Sunan Ibn Majah 2133Graders disagree
أَنَّ امْرَأَةً أَتَتْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَتْ إِنَّ أُمِّي تُوُفِّيَتْ وَعَلَيْهَا نَذْرُ صِيَامٍ فَتُوُفِّيَتْ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَقْضِيَهُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِيَصُمْ عَنْهَا الْوَلِيُّ
a woman came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said: "My mother has died, and she had made a vow to fast, but she died before she could fulfill it. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: 'Let her guardian fast on her behalf."
أَنَّ أُخْتَهُ نَذَرَتْ أَنْ تَمْشِيَ حَافِيَةً غَيْرَ مُخْتَمِرَةٍ وَأَنَّهُ ذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ مُرْهَا فَلْتَرْكَبْ وَلْتَخْتَمِرْ وَلْتَصُمْ ثَلاَثَةَ أَيَّامٍ
'Uqbah bin 'Amir told him, that his sister vowed to walk, barefoot and bareheaded, and he mentioned that to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ He said: "Order her to ride and to cover her head, and to fast for three days."
Sunan Ibn Majah 2135Sahih
رَأَى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ شَيْخًا يَمْشِي بَيْنَ ابْنَيْهِ فَقَالَ مَا شَأْنُ هَذَا قَالَ ابْنَاهُ نَذْرٌ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَالَ ارْكَبْ أَيُّهَا الشَّيْخُ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَنِيٌّ عَنْكَ وَعَنْ نَذْرِكَ
"The Prophet ﷺ saw an old man walking between his two sons, and he said: What is the matter with him?' His sons said: 'A vow, O Messenger of Allah.' He said: 'Let this old man ride, for Allah has no need of you or your vow."'
Sunan Ibn Majah 2136Sahih
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَرَّ بِرَجُلٍ بِمَكَّةَ وَهُوَ قَائِمٌ فِي الشَّمْسِ فَقَالَ مَا هَذَا قَالُوا نَذَرَ أَنْ يَصُومَ وَلاَ يَسْتَظِلَّ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ وَلاَ يَتَكَلَّمَ وَلاَ يَزَالَ قَائِمًا قَالَ لِيَتَكَلَّمْ وَلْيَسْتَظِلَّ وَلْيَجْلِسْ وَلْيُتِمَّ صِيَامَهُ حَدَّثَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ شَنَبَةَ الْوَاسِطِيُّ حَدَّثَنَا الْعَلاَءُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ عَنْ وُهَيْبٍ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ نَحْوَهُ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ
Messenger of Allah ﷺ passed by a man in Makkah who was standing in the sun. He said: "What is this?" They said: "He vowed to fast and not to seek shade until night comes, and not to speak, and to remain standing." He said: "Let him speak and seek shade and let him sit down, but let him complete his fast."Another chain from Ibn 'Abbas, from the Prophet ﷺ, with similar wording. expiation for breaking an oath."