48. The Detachment of ʿAbd Allah b. Jahsh and the Revelation of “They ask you about the sacred month”
Sirat Ibn Hisham 694No grade recorded
[ فَضُّ ابْنِ جَحْشٍ كِتَابَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَمُضِيُّهُ لِطَيَّتِهِ ] فَلَمَّا سَارَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَحْشٍ يَوْمَيْنِ فَتَحَ الْكِتَابَ، فَنَظَرَ فِيهِ فَإِذَا فِيهِ: إذَا نَظَرْتَ فِي كِتَابِي هَذَا فَامْضِ حَتَّى تَنْزِلَ نَخْلَةَ، بَيْنَ مَكَّةَ وَالطَّائِفِ، فَتَرَصَّدْ بِهَا قُرَيْشًا وَتَعَلَّمْ لَنَا مِنْ أَخْبَارِهِمْ فَلَمَّا نَظَرَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَحْشٍ فِي الْكِتَابِ، قَالَ: سَمْعًا وَطَاعَةً، ثُمَّ قَالَ لِأَصْحَابِهِ: قَدْ أَمَرَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ أَمْضِيَ إلَى نَخْلَةَ، أَرْصُدَ بِهَا قُرَيْشًا، حَتَّى آتِيَهُ مِنْهُمْ بِخَبَرِ، وَقَدْ نَهَانِي أَنْ أَسْتَكْرِهَ أَحَدًا مِنْكُمْ. فَمَنْ كَانَ مِنْكُمْ يُرِيدُ الشَّهَادَةَ وَيَرْغَبُ فِيهَا فَلْيَنْطَلِقْ، وَمَنْ كَرِهَ ذَلِكَ فَلْيَرْجِعْ؛ فَأَمَّا أَنَا فَمَاضٍ لِأَمْرِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَمَضَى وَمَضَى مَعَهُ أَصْحَابُهُ، لَمْ يَتَخَلَّفْ عَنْهُ مِنْهُمْ أَحَدٌ
✧ [Ibn Jaḥsh's breaking open the Prophet's ﷺ letter and his proceeding to its destination] When ʿAbd Allāh b. Jaḥsh had traveled for two days, he opened the letter and looked into it, and there in it was: "When you look into this letter of mine, proceed until you halt at Nakhlah, between Makkah and al-Ṭāʾif, and lie in wait there for Quraysh, and learn for us some of their news." When ʿAbd Allāh b. Jaḥsh looked into the letter, he said: "Hearkening and obedience." Then he said to his companions: "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ has commanded me to proceed to Nakhlah to lie in wait there for Quraysh until I bring him news of them, and he has forbidden me to compel any one of you. So whoever among you desires martyrdom and yearns for it, let him go forth, and whoever dislikes that, let him return. As for me, I am proceeding to carry out the command of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ." So he went on, and his companions went on with him; not one of them held back from him.
Sirat Ibn Hisham 695No grade recorded
[ تَخَلُّفُ الْقَوْمِ بِمَعْدِنَ ] وَسَلَكَ عَلَى الْحِجَازِ، حَتَّى إذَا كَانَ بِمَعْدِنَ، فَوْقَ الْفُرُعِ، يُقَالُ لَهُ: بَحْرَانُ، أَضَلَّ سَعْدُ بْنُ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ، وَعُتْبَةُ بْنُ غَزْوَانَ بَعِيرًا لَهُمَا، كَانَا يَعْتَقِبَانِهِ. فَتَخَلَّفَا عَلَيْهِ فِي طَلَبِهِ. وَمَضَى عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَحْشٍ وَبَقِيَّةُ أَصْحَابِهِ حَتَّى نَزَلَ بِنَخْلَةَ، فَمَرَّتْ بِهِ عِيرٌ لِقُرَيْشِ تَحْمِلُ زَبِيبًا وَأَدَمًا، وَتِجَارَةً مِنْ تِجَارَةِ قُرَيْشٍ، فِيهَا عَمْرُو بْنُ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ. [ اسْمُ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ وَنَسَبُهُ ] قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: وَاسْمُ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ: عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبَّادٍ، ( وَيُقَالُ: مَالِكُ بْنُ عَبَّادٍ ) أَحَدُ الصَّدِفِ، وَاسْمُ الصَّدِفِ: عَمْرُو بْنُ مَالِكٍ، أَحَدُ السَّكُونِ بْنِ أَشْرَسَ بْنِ كِنْدَةَ، وَيُقَالُ: كِنْدِيٌّ. قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَعُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ، وَأَخُوهُ نَوْفَلُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، الْمَخْزُومِيَّانِ، وَالْحَكَمُ بْنُ كَيْسَانَ، مَوْلَى هِشَامِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ
✧ [The lagging behind of the people at Maʿdin] And he took the way to the Hijaz until, when he was at a mine above al-Furuʿ, called Baḥrān, Saʿd b. Abī Waqqāṣ and ʿUtbah b. Ghazwān lost a camel of theirs that they had been riding in turns. So they lagged behind in search of it. ʿAbd Allāh b. Jaḥsh and the rest of his companions went on until he halted at Nakhlah. Then a caravan of Quraysh passed by him carrying raisins and leather, and merchandise of the merchandise of Quraysh, in which was ʿAmr b. al-Ḥaḍramī. [The name of al-Ḥaḍramī and his lineage] Ibn Hishām said: The name of al-Ḥaḍramī is ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbbād, (and it is said: Mālik b. ʿAbbād), one of al-Ṣadif; the name of al-Ṣadif is ʿAmr b. Mālik, one of al-Sakūn b. Ashrash b. Kindah, and it is said: Kindī. Ibn Isḥāq said: And ʿUthmān b. ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Mughīrah and his brother Nawfal b. ʿAbd Allāh, the two Makhzūmīs, and al-Ḥakam b. Kaysān, freedman of Hishām b. al-Mughīrah.
Sirat Ibn Hisham 696No grade recorded
[ مَا جَرَى بَيْنَ الْفَرِيقَيْنِ وَمَا خَلَصَ بِهِ ابْنُ جَحْشٍ ] فَلَمَّا رَآهُمْ الْقَوْمُ هَابُوهُمْ وَقَدْ نَزَلُوا قَرِيبًا مِنْهُمْ، فَأَشْرَفَ لَهُمْ عُكَّاشَةُ بْنُ مُحْصَنٍ، وَكَانَ قَدْ حَلَقَ رَأْسَهُ، فَلَمَّا رَأَوْهُ أَمِنُوا، وَقَالُوا عَمَّارٌ، لَا بَأْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ مِنْهُمْ. وَتَشَاوَرَ الْقَوْمُ فِيهِمْ وَذَلِكَ فِي آخِرِ يَوْمٍ مِنْ رَجَبٍ فَقَالَ الْقَوْمُ وَاَللَّهِ لَئِنْ تَرَكْتُمْ الْقَوْمَ هَذِهِ اللَّيْلَةَ لَيَدْخُلُنَّ الْحَرَمَ، فَلَيَمْتَنِعُنَّ مِنْكُمْ بِهِ وَلَئِنْ قَتَلْتُمُوهُمْ لَتَقْتُلُنَّهُمْ فِي الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ؛ فَتَرَدَّدَ الْقَوْمُ، وَهَابُوا الْإِقْدَامَ عَلَيْهِمْ، ثُمَّ شَجَّعُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَأَجْمَعُوا عَلَى قَتْلِ مَنْ قَدَرُوا عَلَيْهِ مِنْهُمْ، وَأَخْذِ مَا مَعَهُمْ. فَرَمَى وَاقِدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ التَّمِيمِيُّ عَمْرَو بْنَ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ بِسَهْمِ فَقَتَلَهُ، وَاسْتَأْسَرَ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَالْحَكَمَ ابْنَ كَيْسَانَ، وَأَفْلَتَ الْقَوْمَ نَوْفَلُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فَأَعْجَزَهُمْ. وَأَقْبَلَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَحْشٍ وَأَصْحَابُهُ بِالْعِيرِ وَبِالْأَسِيرَيْنِ، حَتَّى قَدِمُوا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَدِينَةَ. وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ بَعْضُ آلِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَحْشٍ: أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ قَالَ لِأَصْحَابِهِ: إنَّ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِمَّا غَنِمْنَا الْخُمُسَ وَذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَفْرِضَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى الْخُمُسَ مِنْ الْمَغَانِمِ - فَعَزَلَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ خُمُسَ الْعِيرِ، وَقَسَّمَ سَائِرَهَا بَيْنَ أَصْحَابِهِ
✧ [What occurred between the two parties and how Ibn Jaḥsh resolved it] When the people saw them, they were wary of them, for they had camped near them. ʿUkkāshah b. Miḥṣan looked out at them, and he had shaved his head. When they saw him, they felt safe and said, "They are pilgrims; you have nothing to fear from them." The people consulted about them, and that was on the last day of Rajab. They said, "By God, if you leave the people tonight, they will enter the sanctuary and be protected from you by it; and if you kill them, you will kill them in the sacred month." The people hesitated and were wary of advancing against them. Then they encouraged themselves against them and resolved to kill whomever of them they could and to seize what they had. Wāqid b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Tamīmī shot ʿAmr b. al-Ḥaḍramī with an arrow and killed him. They took ʿUthmān b. ʿAbd Allāh and al-Ḥakam b. Kaysān captive. Nawfal b. ʿAbd Allāh escaped the people and eluded them. ʿAbd Allāh b. Jaḥsh and his companions returned with the caravan and the two captives until they came to the Messenger of God ﷺ in Madinah. Some of the family of ʿAbd Allāh b. Jaḥsh mentioned that ʿAbd Allāh said to his companions, "The Messenger of God ﷺ is entitled to a fifth of what we have taken as booty"—that was before God Almighty prescribed the fifth from spoils—so he set aside a fifth of the caravan for the Messenger of God ﷺ and divided the rest among his companions.
Sirat Ibn Hisham 697No grade recorded
[ نُكْرَانُ الرَّسُولِ ﷺ عَلَى ابْنِ جَحْشٍ قِتَالَهُ فِي الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: فَلَمَّا قَدمِوا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَدِينَةَ، قَالَ: مَا أَمَرْتُكُمْ بِقِتَالٍ فِي الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ. فَوَقَّفَ الْعِيرَ وَالْأَسِيرَيْنِ. وَأَبَى أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ شَيْئًا فَلَمَّا قَالَ ذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ سُقِطَ فِي أَيْدِي الْقَوْمِ، وَظَنُّوا أَنَّهُمْ قَدْ هَلَكُوا، وَعَنَّفَهُمْ إخْوَانُهُمْ مِنْ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فِيمَا صَنَعُوا. وَقَالَتْ قُرَيْشٌ قَدْ اسْتَحَلَّ مُحَمَّدٌ وَأَصْحَابُهُ الشَّهْرَ الْحَرَامَ، وَسَفَكُوا فِيهِ الدَّمَ، وَأَخَذُوا فِيهِ الْأَمْوَالَ، وَأَسَرُوا فِيهِ الرِّجَالَ؛ فَقَالَ مَنْ يَرُدُّ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، مِمَّنْ كَانَ بِمَكَّةَ: إنَّمَا أَصَابُوا مَا أَصَابُوا فِي شَعْبَانَ
✧ Ibn Isḥāq said: When they came to the Messenger of God ﷺ in Madinah, he said: "I did not command you to fight in the sacred month." He detained the caravan and the two captives, and refused to take anything of that. When the Messenger of God ﷺ said that, the people were dismayed and thought they were ruined. Their Muslim brothers reproached them for what they had done. Quraysh said: "Muḥammad and his companions have made the sacred month lawful; they shed blood in it, seized wealth in it, and captured men in it." Those Muslims who were in Makkah and who responded to them said: "They only attained what they attained in Shaʿbān."
Sirat Ibn Hisham 698No grade recorded
[ تَوَقَّعَ الْيَهُودُ بِالْمُسْلِمِينَ الشَّرَّ ] وَقَالَتْ يَهُودُ - تَفَاءَلَ بِذَلِكَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ - عَمْرُو بْنُ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ قَتَلَهُ وَاقِدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَمْرٌو، عَمُرَتْ الْحَرْبُ، وَالْحَضْرَمِيُّ، حَضَرَتْ الْحَرْبُ، وَوَاقِدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَقَدَتْ الْحَرْبُ. فَجَعَلَ اللَّهُ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِمْ لَا لَهُمْ
✧ [The Jews anticipated evil for the Muslims] And the Jews said—seeking an ill omen in this against the Messenger of God ﷺ—ʿAmr b. al-Ḥaḍramī: Wāqid b. ʿAbd Allāh killed him. ʿAmr: war has flourished (ʿamurat al-ḥarb); al-Ḥaḍramī: war has come (ḥaḍarat al-ḥarb); Wāqid b. ʿAbd Allāh: war has blazed (waqadat al-ḥarb). But God made that against them, not for them.
Sirat Ibn Hisham 699No grade recorded
[ نُزُولُ الْقُرْآنِ فِي فِعْلِ ابْنِ جَحْشٍ وَإِقْرَارُ الرَّسُولِ لَهُ ﷺ فِي فِعْلِهِ ] فَلَمَّا أَكْثَرَ النَّاسُ فِي ذَلِكَ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ ﷺ: يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ قِتَالٍ فِيهِ قُلْ قِتَالٌ فِيهِ كَبِيرٌ وَصَدٌّ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَكُفْرٌ بِهِ وَالْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ وَإِخْرَاجُ أَهْلِهِ مِنْهُ أَكْبَرُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ أَيْ إنْ كُنْتُمْ قَتَلْتُمْ فِي الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ فَقَدْ صَدُّوكُمْ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ مَعَ الْكُفْرِ بِهِ، وَعَنْ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ، وَإِخْرَاجُكُمْ مِنْهُ وَأَنْتُمْ أَهْلُهُ، أَكْبَرُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ مِنْ قَتْلِ مَنْ قَتَلْتُمْ مِنْهُمْ وَالْفِتْنَةُ أَكْبَرُ مِنَ الْقَتْلِ أَيْ قَدْ كَانُوا يَفْتِنُونَ الْمُسْلِمَ فِي دِينِهِ، حَتَّى يَرُدُّوهُ إلَى الْكُفْرِ بَعْدَ إيمَانِهِ، فَذَلِكَ أَكْبَرُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ مِنْ الْقَتْلِ وَلَا يَزَالُونَ يُقَاتِلُونَكُمْ حَتَّى يَرُدُّوكُمْ عَنْ دِينِكُمْ إِنِ اسْتَطَاعُوا أَيْ ثُمَّ هُمْ مُقِيمُونَ عَلَى أَخْبَثِ ذَلِكَ وَأَعْظَمِهِ، غَيْرَ تَائِبِينَ وَلَا نَازِعِينَ. فَلَمَّا نَزَلَ الْقُرْآنُ بِهَذَا مِنْ الْأَمْرِ، وَفَرَّجَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَنْ الْمُسْلِمِينَ مَا كَانُوا فِيهِ مِنْ الشَّفَقِ قَبَضَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْعِيرَ وَالْأَسِيرَيْنِ، وَبَعَثَتْ إلَيْهِ قُرَيْشٌ فِي فِدَاءِ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَالْحَكَمِ ابْنِ كَيْسَانَ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: لَا نُفْدِيكُمُوهَا حَتَّى يَقْدَمَ صَاحِبَانَا - يَعْنِي سَعْدَ بْنَ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ، وَعُتْبَةَ بْنَ غَزْوَانَ - فَإِنَّا نَخْشَاكُمْ عَلَيْهِمَا، فَإِنْ تَقْتُلُوهُمَا، نَقْتُلْ صَاحِبَيْكُمْ فَقَدِمَ سَعْدٌ وَعُتْبَةُ، فَأُفْدَاهُمَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْهُمْ
✧ [The Revelation of the Qur'an concerning Ibn Jaḥsh's act and the Messenger's ﷺ approval of his act] When the people spoke much about that, God sent down upon His Messenger ﷺ: "They ask you about the sacred month, about fighting in it. Say, 'Fighting in it is a grave matter, and barring from God's way, and disbelief in Him, and the Sacred Mosque, and expelling its people from it are graver in God's sight'" — that is, if you killed in the sacred month, they had barred you from God's way along with disbelief in Him, and from the Sacred Mosque, and expelled you from it while you were its people; that is graver in God's sight than killing those of them whom you killed. "And persecution is graver than killing" — that is, they used to persecute the Muslim in his religion until they turned him back to disbelief after his faith; that is graver in God's sight than killing. "And they will not cease fighting you until they turn you back from your religion if they are able" — that is, then they are persisting in the foulest and gravest of that, not repenting nor desisting. When the Qur'an came down with this matter, and God, exalted is He, relieved the Muslims of the anxious fear they had been in, the Messenger of God ﷺ seized the caravan and the two captives. Quraysh sent to him concerning the ransom of ʿUthmān b. ʿAbd Allāh and al-Ḥakam b. Kaysān, and the Messenger of God ﷺ said: "We will not ransom them to you until our two companions arrive" — meaning Saʿd b. Abī Waqqāṣ and ʿUtbah b. Ghazwān — "for we fear you concerning them. If you kill them, we will kill your two companions." Then Saʿd and ʿUtbah arrived, and the Messenger of God ﷺ ransomed the two from them.
Sirat Ibn Hisham 700No grade recorded
[ إسْلَامُ ابْنِ كَيْسَانَ وَمَوْتُ عُثْمَانَ كَافِرًا ] فَأَمَّا الْحَكَمُ بْنُ كَيْسَانَ فَأَسْلَمَ فَحَسُنَ إسْلَامُهُ، وَأَقَامَ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَتَّى قُتِلَ يَوْمَ بِئْرِ مَعُونَةَ شَهِيدًا. وَأَمَّا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فَلَحِقَ بِمَكَّةَ، فَمَاتَ بِهَا كَافِرًا
✧ The conversion of Ibn Kaysān and the death of ʿUthmān as an unbeliever. As for al-Ḥakam b. Kaysān, he embraced Islam and became a good Muslim. He stayed with the Messenger of God ﷺ until he was killed as a martyr on the day of Biʾr Maʿūnah. As for ʿUthmān b. ʿAbd Allāh, he caught up with [his people] in Makkah and died there as an unbeliever.
Sirat Ibn Hisham 701No grade recorded
[ طَمَعُ ابْنِ جَحْشٍ فِي الْأَجْرِ وَمَا نَزَلَ فِي ذَلِكَ ] فَلَمَّا تَجَلَّى عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَحْشٍ وَأَصْحَابِهِ مَا كَانُوا فِيهِ حِينَ نَزَلَ الْقُرْآنُ، طَمِعُوا فِي الْأَجْرِ، فَقَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ: أَنَطْمَعُ، أَنْ تَكُونَ لَنَا غَزْوَةٌ نُعْطَى فِيهَا أَجْرَ الْمُجَاهِدِينَ ؟ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فِيهِمْ: إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَالَّذِينَ هَاجَرُوا وَجَاهَدُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ أُولَئِكَ يَرْجُونَ رَحْمَةَ اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ فَوَضَعَهُمْ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ عَلَى أَعْظَمِ الرَّجَاءِ. وَالْحَدِيثُ فِي هَذَا عَنْ الزُّهْرِيِّ وَيَزِيدَ بْنِ رُومَانَ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ. قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ بَعْضُ آلِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَحْشٍ: أَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ قَسَمَ الْفَيْءَ حِينَ أَحَلَّهُ، فَجَعَلَ أَرْبَعَةَ أَخْمَاسٍ لِمَنْ أَفَاءَهُ اللَّهُ، وَخُمُسًا إلَى اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ، فَوَقَعَ عَلَى مَا كَانَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَحْشٍ صَنَعَ فِي تِلْكَ الْعِيرِ. قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: وَهِيَ أَوَّلُ غَنِيمَةٍ غَنِمَهَا الْمُسْلِمُونَ. وَعَمْرُو بْنُ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ أَوَّلُ مَنْ قَتَلَهُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ، وَعُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَالْحَكَمُ بْنُ كَيْسَانَ أَوَّلُ مَنْ أَسَرَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ
✧ [Ibn Jaḥsh's desire for reward and what was revealed concerning that] When what they had been in cleared away from ʿAbd Allāh b. Jaḥsh and his companions, when the Qurʾān came down, they desired the reward, and said: "O Messenger of God, may we hope that we will have a raid in which we are given the reward of the mujāhidūn?" Then God (mighty and glorious is He) sent down concerning them: "Indeed, those who have believed and those who have emigrated and striven in the way of God—those hope for the mercy of God, and God is Forgiving, Merciful." Thus God (mighty and glorious is He) placed them, in that matter, upon the greatest hope. The tradition concerning this is from al-Zuhrī and Yazīd b. Rūmān, from ʿUrwah b. al-Zubayr. Ibn Isḥāq said: Some of the family of ʿAbd Allāh b. Jaḥsh have mentioned that God (mighty and glorious is He) apportioned the fayʾ when He made it lawful, making four fifths for those to whom God gave it as fayʾ, and a fifth to God and His Messenger, and it fell upon what ʿAbd Allāh b. Jaḥsh had done with that caravan. Ibn Hishām said: It was the first booty that the Muslims took. ʿAmr b. al-Ḥaḍramī was the first whom the Muslims killed, and ʿUthmān b. ʿAbd Allāh and al-Ḥakam b. Kaysān were the first whom the Muslims captured.
Sirat Ibn Hisham 702No grade recorded
[ شِعْرٌ فِي هَذِهِ السَّرِيَّةِ يُنْسَبُ إلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَإِلَى ابْنِ جَحْشٍ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ ؓ فِي غَزْوَةِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَحْشٍ، وَيُقَالُ: بَلْ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَحْشٍ قَالَهَا، حِينَ قَالَتْ قُرَيْشٌ: قَدْ أَحَلَّ مُحَمَّدٌ وَأَصْحَابُهُ الشَّهْرَ الْحَرَامَ، وَسَفَكُوا فِيهِ الدَّمَ وَأَخَذُوا فِيهِ الْمَالَ، وَأَسَرُوا فِيهِ الرِّجَالَ - قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: هِيَ لِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَحْشٍ:: تَعُدُّونَ قَتْلًا فِي الْحَرَامِ عَظِيمَةً وَأَعْظَمُ مِنْهُ لَوْ يَرَى الرُّشْدَ رَاشِدُ صُدُودُكُمْ عَمَّا يَقُولُ مُحَمَّدٌ وَكُفْرٌ بِهِ وَاَللَّهُ رَاءٍ وَشَاهِدُ وَإِخْرَاجُكُمْ مِنْ مَسْجِدِ اللَّهِ أَهْلَهُ لِئَلَّا يُرَى لِلَّهِ فِي الْبَيْتِ سَاجِدُ فَإِنَّا وَإِنْ عَيَّرْتُمُونَا بِقَتْلِهِ وَأَرْجَفَ بِالْإِسْلَامِ بَاغٍ وَحَاسِدُ سَقَيْنَا مِنْ ابْنِ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ رِمَاحَنَا بِنَخْلَةَ لَمَّا أَوْقَدَ الْحَرْبَ وَاقِدُ دَمًا وَابْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عُثْمَانُ بَيْنَنَا يُنَازِعُهُ غُلٌّ مِنْ الْقَدِّ عَانِدُ صَرْفُ الْقِبْلَةِ إلَى الْكَعْبَةِ قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَيُقَالُ: صُرِفَتْ الْقِبْلَةُ فِي شَعْبَانَ عَلَى رَأْسِ ثَمَانِيَةَ عَشَرَ شَهْرًا مِنْ مَقْدَمِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَدِينَةَ
✧ [Poetry concerning this expedition attributed to Abū Bakr and to Ibn Jaḥsh] Ibn Isḥāq said: Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq ؓ said, concerning the raid of ʿAbd Allāh b. Jaḥsh—and it is said: rather ʿAbd Allāh b. Jaḥsh said it—when Quraysh said: Muḥammad and his companions have made the sacred month lawful, and shed blood therein, and taken property therein, and captured men therein. Ibn Hishām said: It is by ʿAbd Allāh b. Jaḥsh: You count a killing in the sacred month as a great matter, but greater than it, if one seeking guidance could see guidance, is your turning away from what Muḥammad says and disbelief in him, while God is seeing and witnessing, And your expulsion of the people of God's mosque from it, lest any prostrating one be seen for God in the House. For we, even if you reproach us for killing him, and a wicked and envious one spreads false rumors about Islam, We gave the son of al-Ḥaḍramī to drink from our spears at Nakhla, when the kindler of war kindled it, Blood, while Ibn ʿAbd Allāh ʿUthmān is among us, contested by a stubborn shackle of thongs. The turning of the qibla to the Kaʿba Ibn Isḥāq said: It is said the qibla was turned in Shaʿbān, at the end of eighteen months from the arrival of the Messenger of God ﷺ in Madinah
Sirat Ibn Hisham 692No grade recorded
سَرِيَّةُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَحْشٍ وَنُزُولُ يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ [ بَعْثُهُ وَالْكِتَابُ الَّذِي حَمَلَهُ ] وَبَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ جَحْشِ بْنِ رِئَابٍ الْأَسَدِيَّ فِي رَجَبٍ، مَقْفَلَهُ مِنْ بَدْرٍ الْأُولَى، وَبَعَثَ مَعَهُ ثَمَانِيَةَ رَهْطٍ مِنْ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ، لَيْسَ فِيهِمْ مِنْ الْأَنْصَارِ أَحَدٌ، وَكَتَبَ لَهُ كِتَابًا وَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ لَا يَنْظُرَ فِيهِ حَتَّى يَسِيرَ يَوْمَيْنِ ثُمَّ يَنْظُرَ فِيهِ، فَيَمْضِيَ لِمَا أَمَرَهُ بِهِ، وَلَا يَسْتَكْرِهَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ أَحَدًا.
✧ The Detachment of ʿAbd Allāh b. Jaḥsh and the Revelation of “They ask you about the sacred month” [His Dispatch and the Letter He Carried] The Messenger of God ﷺ dispatched ʿAbd Allāh b. Jaḥsh b. Riʾāb al-Asadī in Rajab, on his return from the first Badr, and sent with him eight men of the Emigrants, among whom there was no one from the Helpers. He wrote a letter for him and commanded him not to look at it until he had traveled for two days, then to look at it, and then to proceed to what it ordered him, and not to compel any one of his companions.
Sirat Ibn Hisham 693No grade recorded
[ أَصْحَابُ ابْنِ جَحْشٍ فِي سَرِيَّتِهِ ] وَكَانَ أَصْحَابُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَحْشٍ مِنْ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ. ثُمَّ مِنْ بَنِي عَبْدِ شَمْسِ بْنِ عَبْدِ مَنَافٍ: أَبُو حُذَيْفَةَ بْنُ عُتْبَةَ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ شَمْسٍ، وَمِنْ حَلْفَائِهِمْ: عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَحْشٍ، وَهُوَ أَمِيرُ الْقَوْمِ، وَعُكَّاشَةُ بْنُ مِحْصَنِ بْنِ حُرْثَانَ، أَحَدُ بَنِي أَسَدِ بْنِ خُزَيْمَةَ، حَلِيفٌ لَهُمْ. وَمِنْ بَنِي نَوْفَلِ بْنِ عَبْدِ مَنَافٍ: عُتْبَةُ بْنُ غَزْوَانَ بْنِ جَابِرٍ، حَلِيفٌ لَهُمْ. وَمِنْ بَنِي زُهْرَةَ بْنِ كِلَابٍ: سَعْدُ بْنُ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ. وَمِنْ بَنِي عَدِيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ عَامِرُ بْنُ رَبِيعَةَ، حَلِيفٌ لَهُمْ مِنْ عَنْزِ بْنِ وَائِلٍ، وَوَاقِدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ مَنَافِ بْنِ عَرِينِ بْنِ ثَعْلَبَةَ بْنِ يَرْبُوعٍ، أَحَدُ بَنِي تَمِيمٍ، حَلِيفٌ لَهُمْ، وَخَالِدُ بْنُ الْبُكَيْرِ، أَحَدُ بَنِي سَعْدِ بْنِ لَيْثٍ، حَلِيفٌ لَهُمْ. وَمِنْ بَنِي الْحَارِثِ بْنِ فِهْرٍ: سُهَيْلُ بْنُ بَيْضَاءَ
✧ [The companions of Ibn Jaḥsh in his detachment] The companions of ʿAbd Allāh b. Jaḥsh were among the Emigrants. Then from Banū ʿAbd Shams b. ʿAbd Manāf: Abū Ḥudhayfah b. ʿUtbah b. Rabīʿah b. ʿAbd Shams. And from their allies: ʿAbd Allāh b. Jaḥsh, who was the commander of the group, and ʿUkkāshah b. Miḥṣan b. Ḥurthān, one of Banū Asad b. Khuzaymah, an ally of theirs. And from Banū Nawfal b. ʿAbd Manāf: ʿUtbah b. Ghazwān b. Jābir, an ally of theirs. And from Banū Zuhrah b. Kilāb: Saʿd b. Abī Waqqāṣ. And from Banū ʿAdī b. Kaʿb: ʿĀmir b. Rabīʿah, an ally of theirs from ʿAnz b. Wāʾil, and Wāqid b. ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbd Manāf b. ʿArīn b. Thaʿlabah b. Yarbūʿ, one of Banū Tamīm, an ally of theirs, and Khālid b. al-Bukayr, one of Banū Saʿd b. Layth, an ally of theirs. And from Banū al-Ḥārith b. Fihr: Suhayl b. Bayḍāʾ.