30. Defendents
«مَنْ طَلَبَ حَقًّا فَلْيَطْلُبْهُ فِي عَفَافٍ وَافٍ أَوْ غَيْرَ وَافٍ»
✧ «Whoever seeks a right, let him seek it with chastity, whether he obtains it or not.»
لَمَّا بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مُعَاذًا إِلَى الْيَمَنِ فَقَالَ «إِنَّكَ سَتَأْتِي قَوْمًا أَهْلَ كِتَابٍ فَإِذَا جِئْتَهُمْ فَادْعُهُمْ إِلَى أَنْ يَشْهَدُوا أَنَّ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ فَإِذَا أَطَاعُوا لَكَ بِذَلِكَ فَأَخْبِرْهُمْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ فَرَضَ عَلَيْهِمْ صَلَوَاتٍ خَمْسًا فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ وَلَيْلَةٍ فَإِنْ هُمْ أَطَاعُوا لَكَ بِذَلِكَ فَأَخْبِرْهُمْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ جَلَّ وَعَلَا فَرَضَ عَلَيْهِمْ صَدَقَةً تُؤْخَذُ مِنْ أَغْنِيَائِهِمْ فَتُرَدُّ عَلَى فُقَرَائِهِمْ فَإِنْ أَطَاعُوا لَكَ بِذَلِكَ فَإِيَّاكَ وَكَرَائِمَ أَمْوَالِهِمْ وَاتَّقِ دَعْوَةَ الْمَظْلُومِ فَإِنَّهُ لَيْسَ بَيْنَ اللَّهِ وَبَيْنَهُ حِجَابٌ»
✧ When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent Mu'adh to Yemen, he said, «You will come to a people of the Book. When you come to them, call them to testify that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah. If they obey you in that, then inform them that Allah has prescribed upon them five prayers every day and night. If they obey you in that, then inform them that Allah, Mighty and Exalted, has prescribed upon them a charity taken from their rich and returned to their poor. If they obey you in that, then beware of their finest properties and fear the supplication of the oppressed, for there is no veil between it and Allah.»
أَنَّ امْرَأَتَيْنِ كَانَتَا تَخْرُزَانِ لَيْسَ مَعَهُمَا فِي الْبَيْتِ غَيْرَهُمَا فَخَرَجَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا قَدْ طُعِنَ فِي بَطْنِ كَفِّهَا بِإِشْفَى خَرَجَ مِنْ ظَهْرِ كَفِّهَا تَقُولُ طَعَنَتْهَا صَاحِبَتُهَا وَتُنْكِرُ الْأُخْرَى فَأَرْسَلَتْ إِلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِيهِمَا فَأَخْبَرَتْهُ الْخَبَرَ فَقَالَ لَا تُعْطِي شَيْئًا إِلَّا بِالْبَيِّنَةِ فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ «لَوْ يُعْطَى النَّاسُ بِدَعْوَاهُمْ لَادَّعَى رِجَالٌ أَمْوَالَ رِجَالٍ وَدِمَاءَهُمْ وَلَكِنَّ الْيَمِينَ عَلَى الْمُدَّعَى عَلَيْهِ فَادْعُهَا فَاقْرَأْ عَلَيْهَا الْقُرْآنَ وَاقْرَأْ {إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَشْتَرُونَ بِعَهْدِ اللَّهِ وَأَيْمَانِهِمْ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا} فَفَعَلْتُ فَاعْتَرَفَتْ»
✧ Two women were stitching, and there was no one else in the house with them. One of them came out having been stabbed in the palm of her hand with an awl that came out of the back of her hand. She said that her companion had stabbed her, but the other denied it. So she sent to Ibn 'Abbas about them and told him the story. He said, "Do not give anything except with clear proof, for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'If people were given according to their claims, men would claim the wealth and blood of other men, but the oath is upon the defendant.' So call her and recite to her the Qur'an, and recite: {Indeed, those who purchase a small gain at the cost of Allah's covenant and their oaths}." I did so, and she confessed.
«لَوْ يُعْطَى النَّاسُ بِدَعْوَاهُمْ لَادَّعَى النَّاسُ دِمَاءَ رِجَالٍ وَأَمْوَالَهُمْ وَلَكِنَّ الْيَمِينَ عَلَى الْمُدَّعَى عَلَيْهِ»
✧ «If people were given according to their claims, people would claim the blood and wealth of other men, but the oath is upon the defendant.»
«مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ هُوَ فِيهَا فَاجِرٌ لِيَقْتَطِعَ بِهَا مَالًا لَقِيَ اللَّهَ وَهُوَ عَلَيْهِ غَضْبَانُ» وَنَزَلَ تَصْدِيقُ ذَلِكَ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ {إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَشْتَرُونَ بِعَهْدِ اللَّهِ} الْآيَةَ فَمَرَّ الْأَشْعَثُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ وَهُمْ يَتَحَدَّثُونَ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ فَقَالَ مَا يَقُولُ ابْنُ أُمِّ عَبْدٍ؟ فَأَخْبَرُوهُ فَقَالَ صَدَقَ إِنَّمَا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ فِيَّ وَفِي صَاحِبِي فِي بِئْرٍ ادَّعَيْتُهَا وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لِأَحَدٍ مِنَّا بَيِّنَةٌ فَحَلَفَ عَلَيْهَا فَذَكَرَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ ﷺ هَذَا عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ
✧ «Whoever swears an oath in which he is sinful in order to seize thereby wealth will meet Allah while He is angry with him.» The confirmation of that was revealed in the Book of Allah: {Indeed, those who purchase a small gain at the cost of Allah's covenant} – the verse. Al-Ash'ath b. Qays passed by while they were talking about this hadith in the mosque and said, "What is Ibn Umm 'Abd saying?" They told him, and he said, "He has spoken the truth. This verse was revealed concerning me and my companion regarding a well that I claimed, and neither of us had clear proof, so he swore an oath about it." The Prophet of Allah ﷺ then mentioned this.
«مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ وَهُوَ فِيهَا فَاجِرٌ لَقِيَ اللَّهَ وَهُوَ عَلَيْهِ غَضْبَانُ» فَقَالَ الْأَشْعَثُ فِيَّ وَاللَّهِ كَانَ ذَلِكَ كَانَ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ رَجُلٍ مِنَ الْيَهُودِ أَرْضٌ فَجَحَدَنِي فَقَدَّمْتُهُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «أَلَكَ بَيِّنَةٌ؟ » قُلْتُ لَا قَالَ لِلْيَهُودِيِّ «احْلِفْ» قَالَ قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِذًا يَحْلِفُ فَيَذْهَبُ بِمَالِي فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ {إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَشْتَرُونَ بِعَهْدِ اللَّهِ وَأَيْمَانِهِمْ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا} إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ
✧ «Whoever swears an oath in which he is sinful will meet Allah while He is angry with him.» Al-Ash'ath said, "By Allah, that was concerning me. There was a land between me and a Jewish man, and he denied me, so I brought him to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'Do you have clear proof?' I said, 'No.' He said to the Jew, 'Swear.' I said, 'O Messenger of Allah, then he will swear and take my wealth.' So Allah revealed: {Indeed, those who purchase a small gain at the cost of Allah's covenant and their oaths} – to the end of the verse."
«مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ فَاجِرَةٍ يَقْتَطِعُ بِهَا مَالَ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ الْجَنَّةَ وَأَوْجَبَ لَهُ النَّارَ» قِيلَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَإِنْ كَانَ شَيْئًا يَسِيرًا؟ قَالَ «وَإِنْ كَانَ قَضِيبًا مِنْ أَرَاكٍ»
✧ «Whoever swears a sinful oath to seize thereby the wealth of a Muslim without right, Allah has forbidden Paradise to him and made the Fire obligatory for him.» It was said, "O Messenger of Allah, even if it is something small?" He said, "Even if it is a stick of arak."
«مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينِ صَبْرٍ لِيَقْتَطِعَ بِهَا مَالَ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ وَهُوَ فِيهَا فَاجِرٌ لَقِيَ اللَّهَ أَجْذَمَ»
✧ He who swears a false oath to deprive a Muslim of his property will meet Allah as a leper.
«مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينِ صَبْرٍ كَاذِبًا لِيَقْتَطِعَ بِهَا مَالَ أَخِيهِ لَقِيَ اللَّهَ وَهُوَ عَلَيْهِ غَضْبَانُ» وَذَلِكَ بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ {إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَشْتَرُونَ بِعَهْدِ اللَّهِ وَأَيْمَانِهِمْ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا} إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ
✧ «Whoever swears a false, binding oath to seize thereby the wealth of his brother will meet Allah while He is angry with him.» That is because Allah says: {Indeed, those who purchase a small gain at the cost of Allah's covenant and their oaths} – to the end of the verse.
«مَطْلُ الْغَنِيِّ ظُلْمٌ وَإِذَا أُتْبِعَ أَحَدُكُمْ عَلَى مَلِيءٍ فَلْيَتْبَعْ»
✧ The rich man's delay in payment is injustice, and if any of you is referred to a wealthy person, let him follow it up.
لِي «الْوَاجِدُ يُحِلُّ عِرْضُهُ وَعُقُوبَتُهُ»
✧ The rich man's delay in payment is tyranny.