23. Contracts
al-Mustadrak (al-Hakim) 2859Sahih
ثَلَاثَةٌ حَقٌّ عَلَى اللَّهِ أَنْ يُعِينَهُمْ الْمُكَاتَبُ الَّذِي يُرِيدُ الْأَدَاءَ وَالْمُجَاهِدُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَالنَّاكِحُ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَسْتَعِفَّ
✧ Three are entitled to Allah’s help: the mukatib who intends to pay, the mujahid in the path of Allah, and the one who marries intending chastity.
al-Mustadrak (al-Hakim) 2860No grade recorded
«مَنْ أَعَانَ مُجَاهِدًا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ أَوْ غَازِيًا أَوْ غَارِمًا فِي عُسْرَتِهِ أَوْ مُكَاتَبًا فِي رَقَبَتِهِ أَظَلَّهُ اللَّهُ فِي ظِلِّهِ يَوْمَ لَا ظِلَّ إِلَّا ظِلُّهُ»
✧ “Whoever helps a mujahid in the path of Allah, or a warrior, or a debtor in his hardship, or a mukatab in his ransom, Allah will shade him in His shade on the Day when there is no shade except His shade.”
al-Mustadrak (al-Hakim) 2861Sahih
جَاءَ أَعْرَابِيٌّ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ عَلِّمْنِي شَيْئًا يُدْخِلُنِي الْجَنَّةَ فَقَالَ «لَئِنْ أَقْصَرْتَ الْخُطْبَةَ لَقَدْ أَعْرَضْتَ الْمَسْأَلَةَ أَعْتِقِ النَّسَمَ وَفُكَّ الرَّقَبَةَ» قَالَ أَوَلَيْسَا وَاحِدًا؟ قَالَ «فَإِنَّ عِتْقَ النَّسَمَةِ أَنْ تُفْرِدَ بِعِتْقِهَا وَفَكُّ الرَّقَبَةِ أَنْ تُعِينَ فِي ثَمَنِهَا وَالْمِنْحَةُ الْمَوْكُوفَةُ وَالْفَيْءُ عَلَى ذِي الرَّحِمِ الظَّالِمِ فَإِنْ لَمْ تُطِقْ ذَلِكَ فَأَطْعِمِ الْجَائِعَ وَاسْقِ الظَّمْآنَ وَأْمُرْ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَانْهَ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ فَإِنْ لَمْ تُطِقْ ذَلِكَ فَكُفَّ لِسَانَكَ إِلَّا مِنْ خَيْرٍ»
✧ A bedouin came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said: “O Messenger of Allah, teach me something that will admit me to Paradise.” He said: “You have shortened the speech but broadened the request. Free the person and release the neck.” He said: “Are they not one and the same?” He said: “Freeing the person is to single out for freeing, and releasing the neck is to help with its price, and the milch animal given as a gift, and the return upon the wronged relative. If you cannot do that, then feed the hungry, give drink to the thirsty, enjoin good and forbid evil. If you cannot do that, then restrain your tongue except from good.”
al-Mustadrak (al-Hakim) 2862Sahih
أَنْ أَغْرِسَ لَهُمْ خَمْسَ مِائَةِ فُسَيْلَةٍ فَإِذَا عَلَقَتْ فَأَنَا حُرٌّ فَأَتَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لَهُ فَقَالَ «اغْرِسْ وَاشْتَرِطْ لَهُمْ فَإِذَا أَرَدْتَ أَنْ تَغْرِسَ فَآذِنِّي» فَجَاءَ فَجَعَلَ يَغْرِسُ إِلَّا وَاحِدَةً غَرَسْتُهَا بِيَدِي فَعَلَقَتْ جَمِيعًا إِلَّا الْوَاحِدَةُ
✧ To plant for them five hundred offshoots, and when they take root, I would be free. I came to the Prophet ﷺ and mentioned that to him. He said: “Plant and stipulate for them, and when you intend to plant, notify me.” He came and began planting except one which I planted with my own hand. They all took root except that one.
al-Mustadrak (al-Hakim) 2863Sahih
«أَيُّمَا مُكَاتَبٍ كُوتِبَ عَلَى أَلْفِ أُوقِيَّةٍ فَأَدَّاهَا إِلَّا عَشَرَةَ أَوَاقٍ فَهُوَ عَبْدٌ وَأَيُّمَا مُكَاتَبٍ كُوتِبَ عَلَى مِائَةِ دِينَارٍ فَأَدَّاهَا إِلَّا عَشَرَةَ دَنَانِيرَ فَهُوَ عَبْدٌ»
✧ “Any mukatab who contracted for a thousand uqiyyahs and paid all but ten uqiyyahs is a slave, and any mukatab who contracted for a hundred dinars and paid all but ten dinars is a slave.”
al-Mustadrak (al-Hakim) 2864Sahih
«قَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي الْمُكَاتَبِ أَنْ يُقْتَلَ بِدِيَةِ الْحُرِّ عَلَى قَدْرِ مَا أُدِّيَ مِنْهُ» قَالَ يَحْيَى قَالَ عِكْرِمَةُ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ «يُقَامُ عَلَيْهِ حَدُّ الْمَمْلُوكِ»
✧ “The Messenger of Allah ﷺ ruled concerning the mukatab that he is to be [legally] killed for the blood money of a free person according to the amount he has paid.” Yahya said: ‘Ikrimah said from Ibn ‘Abbas: “The hadd punishment of a slave is inflicted upon him.”
al-Mustadrak (al-Hakim) 2865No grade recorded
«يُؤَدِّي الْمُكَاتَبُ بِقَدْرِ مَا عُتِقَ مِنْهُ بِحِسَابِ الْحُرِّ وَمَا رَقَّ فَبِحِسَابِ الْعَبْدِ»
✧ “The mukatab pays according to the amount that has been freed from him by the reckoning of a free person, and what remains enslaved by the reckoning of a slave.”
al-Mustadrak (al-Hakim) 2866Sahih
«إِذَا أَصَابَ الْمُكَاتَبُ حَدًّا أَوْ وَرِثَ مِيرَاثًا فَإِنَّهُ يَرِثُ بِقَدْرِ مَا عُتِقَ وَيُقَامُ عَلَيْهِ بِقَدْرِ مَا عُتِقَ مِنْهُ»
✧ “When a mukatab commits a hadd offense or inherits an inheritance, he inherits according to the amount he has been freed, and the punishment is inflicted upon him according to the amount that has been freed from him.”
al-Mustadrak (al-Hakim) 2867Sahih
إِنِّي لَأَقُودُ بِهَا بِالْبَيْدَاءِ أَوْ بِالْأَبْوَاءِ قَالَتْ مَنْ هَذَا؟ قُلْتُ أَنَا نَبْهَانُ فَقَالَتْ إِنِّي تَرَكْتُ بَقِيَّةَ مُكَاتَبَتِكَ لِابْنِ أَخِي مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي أُمَيَّةَ أَعَنْتُهُ بِهِ فِي نِكَاحِهِ قَالَ فَقُلْتُ لَا وَاللَّهِ لَا أُؤَدِّيهِ إِلَيْهِ أَبَدًا قَالَتْ إِنْ كَانَ أَيْمَانُكَ أَنْ تَدْخُلَ عَلَيَّ أَوْ تَرَانِي فَوَاللَّهِ لَا تَرَانِي أَبَدًا إِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ «إِذَا كَانَ عِنْدَ الْمُكَاتَبِ مَا يُؤَدِّي فَاحْتَجِبِي مِنْهُ»
✧ I was leading it at al-Bayda’ or al-Abwa’. She said: “Who is this?” I said: “I am Nabhan.” She said: “I have left the remainder of your mukatabah to my nephew Muhammad b. ‘Abd Allah b. Abi Umayyah; I helped him with it in his marriage.” He said: I said: “No, by Allah, I will never pay it to him.” She said: “If your oath is that you will enter upon me or see me, then by Allah you will never see me. I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: ‘When the mukatab has what he can pay, then veil yourself from him.’”
al-Mustadrak (al-Hakim) 2868No grade recorded
يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ الرَّجُلُ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ يُسْلِمُ عَلَى يَدَيِ الرَّجُلِ الْمُسْلِمِ قَالَ «هُوَ أَوْلَى بِهِ فِي حَيَاتِهِ وَمَمَاتِهِ»
✧ O Messenger of Allah, a man from the polytheists accepts Islam at the hands of a Muslim man. He said: “He has more right to him in his life and his death.”
al-Mustadrak (al-Hakim) 2869No grade recorded
سَأَلْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُسْلِمُ عَلَى يَدَيِ الرَّجُلِ فَقَالَ «هُوَ أَوْلَى بِمَحْيَاهُ وَمَمَاتِهِ»
✧ I asked the Messenger of Allah ﷺ about a man who becomes Muslim at the hands of another man, and he said, "He is more entitled to his life and his death."
al-Mustadrak (al-Hakim) 2870Sahih
«شَهِدْتُ غُلَامًا مَعَ عُمُومَتِي حِلْفَ الْمُطَيَّبِينَ فَمَا يَسُرُّنِي أَنَّ لِيَ حُمُرَ النَّعَمِ وَأَنِّي أَنْكُثُهُ»
✧ "I witnessed, as a boy with my paternal uncles, the pact of al-Muṭayyabīn, and it would not please me to have red camels in exchange for breaking it."
al-Mustadrak (al-Hakim) 2871Sahih
«لَا حِلْفَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ وَأَيُّمَا حِلْفٍ كَانَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ لَمْ يَزِدْهُ الْإِسْلَامُ إِلَّا شِدَّةً»
✧ "There is no alliance in Islam, and whatever alliance existed in the pre-Islamic era, Islam only increases it in strength."