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العربية

al-Matalib al-'Aliyah 997

✧ Walking with the Funeral and Standing with It Until It Is Buried

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إِسْحَاقُ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُحَارِبِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُطَّرِحُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ الدِّمَشْقِيُّ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ بْنِ زَحْرٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ، عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ ؓ قَالَ:

قَالَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيُّ لِعَلِيٍّ ؓ: أَخْبِرْنَا يَا أَبَا الْحَسَنِ عَنِ الْمَشْيِ مَعَ الْجِنَازَةِ، أَيُّ ذَلِكَ أَفْضَلُ ؟ فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ ؓ: وَاللهِ إِنَّ فَضْلَ الْمَاشِي خَلْفَهَا عَلَى الْمَاشِي أَمَامَهَا كَفَضْلِ الْمَكْتُوبَةِ عَلَى التَّطَوُّعِ. قَالَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ ؓ: فَوَاللهِ مَا جَلَسْتُ مُنْذُ شَهِدْتُ جِنَازَةً شَهِدَهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرُ ؓ فَرَأَيْتُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ ؓ يَمْشِيَانِ أَمَامَهَا. فَقَالَ: يَغْفِرُ اللهُ لَهُمَا، إِنَّ خِيَارَ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ بَعْدَ نَبِيِّهَا ﷺ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرُ ؓ ثُمَّ اللهُ أَعْلَمُ الْخَيِّرَ أَيْنَ هُوَ ؟ وَلَئِنْ كُنْتَ رَأَيْتَهُمَا فَعَلَا ذَلِكَ لَقَدْ فَعَلَا وَهُمَا يَعْلَمَانِ أَنَّ فَضْلَ الْمَاشِي خَلْفَهَا عَلَى الْمَشْيِ أَمَامَهَا كَفَضْلِ الْمَكْتُوبَةِ عَلَى التَّطَوُّعِ، كَمَا نَعْلَمُ أَنَّ دُونَ غَدٍ لَيْلَةً، وَلَكِنَّهُمَا أَحَبَّا أَنْ يَنْبَسِطَ النَّاسُ، وَكَرِهَا أَنْ يَتَضَايَقُوا، وَقَدْ عَلِمَا أَنَّهُمَا يُقْتَدَى بِهِمَا. قَالَ: يَا أَبَا الْحَسَنِ، أَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ حَمْلِ الْجِنَازَةِ، أَوَاجِبٌ عَلَى مَنْ شَهِدَهَا ؟ قَالَ ؓ: لَا، وَلَكِنَّهُ خَيْرٌ، مَنْ شَاءَ أَخَذَ، وَمَنْ شَاءَ تَرَكَ، فَإِذَا كُنْتَ مَعَ جِنَازَةٍ فَقَدِّمْهَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْكَ، وَاجْعَلْهَا نُصْبًا بَيْنَ عَيْنَيْكَ، فَإِنَّمَا هِيَ مَوْعِظَةٌ، وَتَذْكِرَةٌ، وَعِبْرَةٌ، فَإِنْ بَدَا لَكَ أَنْ تَحْمِلَهَا فَانْظُرْ مُؤَخَّرَ السَّرِيرِ الْأَيْسَرِ فَاجْعَلْهُ عَلَى مَنْكِبِكَ الْأَيْمَنِ، فَإِذَا انْتَهَيْتَ إِلَى الْمَقْبَرَةِ فَقُمْ وَلَا تَقْعُدْ، فَإِنَّكَ تَرَى أَمْرًا عَظِيمًا، وَإِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: أَخُوكَ أَخُوكَ، كَانَ يُنَافِسُكَ فِي الدُّنْيَا، وَيُشَاحُّكَ فِيهَا، فَضَايَقَ فِي سُهُولَةِ الْأَرْضِ قُصُورًا، أُدْخِلَ فِي قَبْرٍ تَحْتَ جَوْفِ قَبْرٍ مُحَرَّفٍ عَلَى جَنْبِهِ، فَقُمْ وَلَا تَقْعُدْ حَتَّى تَشُنَّ عَلَيْهِ التُّرَابَ شَنًّا، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَدَعْكَ النَّاسُ، وَلَيْسُوا بِتَارِكِيكَ، وَقَالُوا: مَا هَذَا وَاللهِ بِشَيْءٍ، فَقُمْ وَلَا تَقْعُدْ حَتَّى يُدَلَّى فِي حُفْرَتِهِ وَإِنْ قَاتَلُوكَ قِتَالًا.

Translation

Chain of narrators
  1. ʿAbd al-Raḥman b. Muḥammad al-Muḥāribī
  2. Muṭṭariḥ b. Yazīd al-Dimashqī
  3. ʿUbaydullāh b. Zaḥr
  4. ʿAlī b. Yazīd
  5. al-Qāsim
  6. Abū Umāmah

✧ Abu Sa'id al-Khudri said to Ali ؓ: "Tell us, O Abu al-Hasan, about walking with the funeral procession. Which is best?" Ali ؓ said: "By God, the superiority of walking behind it over walking in front of it is like the superiority of the obligatory prayer over the voluntary prayer." Abu Sa'id ؓ said: "By God, I have not sat since I attended a funeral procession attended by Abu Bakr and Umar ؓ, and I saw Abu Bakr and Umar ؓ walking in front of it." He said: "May God forgive them. The best of this nation after its Prophet ﷺ are Abu Bakr and Umar ؓ, then God knows best where the good is. If you saw them do that, they did it while knowing that the superiority of walking behind it over walking in front of it is like the superiority of the obligatory prayer over the voluntary prayer, just as we know that after tomorrow there is a night. But they liked the people to spread out and disliked them being cramped, and they knew that they would be followed as examples." He said: "O Abu al-Hasan, tell me about carrying the funeral bier: is it obligatory on those who attend it?" He ؓ said: "No, but it is good. Whoever wishes takes it, and whoever wishes leaves it. When you are with a funeral procession, put it before you and make it a focus between your eyes, for it is an admonition, a reminder, and a lesson. If you decide to carry it, look at the rear left side of the bier and place it on your right shoulder. When you reach the graveyard, stand and do not sit, for you will see a great matter. I heard the Messenger of God ﷺ say: 'Your brother, your brother; he competed with you in the world and contended with you in it, and was constrained in the spaciousness of the earth with palaces. He has been placed in a grave under the interior of a grave, turned on his side. So stand and do not sit until you pour the dust upon him. If the people do not let you, and they will not let you, and they say: "By God, this is nothing," then stand and do not sit until he is lowered into his pit, even if they fight you fiercely.'"

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