al-Matalib al-'Aliyah 2535
✧ Disciplining the governor who conceals himself from the subjects or elevates himself above them
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قَالَ إِسْحَاقُ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، ثَنَا أَبُو حَيَّانَ التَّمِيمِيُّ، عَنْ عَبَايَةَ بْنِ رَافِعِ بْنِ خَدِيجٍ، قَالَ:
بَلَغَ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ أَنَّ سَعْدًا اتَّخَذَ بَابًا، ثُمَّ قَالَ: انْقَطَعَ الصَّوِيتُ. فَبَعَثَ إِلَى مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَسْلَمَةَ ؓ، فَأَتَاهُ فَقَالَ: انْطَلِقْ إِلَى سَعْدٍ فَأَحْرِقْ بَابَهُ، ثُمَّ خُذْ بِيَدِهِ وَأَخْرِجْهُ إِلَى النَّاسِ وَقُلْ: هَاهُنَا فَاقْعُدْ لِلنَّاسِ. قَالَ: فَبَعَثَ مُحَمَّدٌ غُلَامَهُ مَكَانَهُ إِلَى مَنْزِلِهِ فَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَأْتِيَهُ بِرَاحِلَتَيْنِ، وَزَادٍ عِنْدَ أَهْلِهِ، وَانْطَلَقَ يَمْشِي قِبَلَ الْكُوفَةِ حَتَّى قَدِمَ جَبَّانَةَ الْكُوفَةِ، فَرَأَى نَبَطِيًّا يَدْخُلُ الْكُوفَةَ بِقَصَبٍ عَلَى حِمَارٍ يَبِيعُهُ، فَابْتَاعَهُ مِنْهُ وَشَرَطَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يُلْقِيَهُ عِنْدَ بَابِ الْأَمِيرِ، فَجَاءَ حَتَّى أَلْقَى قَصَبَهُ عِنْدَ بَابِ الْأَمِيرِ، فَأَوْرَى زَنْدَهُ، فَأَتَى سَعْدٌ فَقِيلَ: إِنَّ هَاهُنَا رَجُلًا أَسْوَدَ طَوِيلًا عَظِيمًا بَيْنَ إِزَارٍ وَرِدَاءٍ عَلَيْهِ عِمَامَةُ خَزٍّ قَانِيَةٌ عَلَى غَيْرِ قَلَنْسِيَةٍ، فَقَالَ: ذَاكَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ، دَعُوهُ يَبْلُغْ حَاجَتَهُ لَا يَعْرِضُ لَهُ إِنْسَانٌ بِشَيْءٍ. فَأَحْرَقَ الْبَابَ حَتَّى صَارَ فَحْمًا، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ إِلَيْهِ سَعْدٌ، فَسَأَلَهُ وَحَلَفَ بِاللهِ مَا تَكَلَّمَ بِالْكَلِمَةِ الَّتِي بَلَغَتْ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، وَلَقَدْ بَلَّغَهُ كَاذِبٌ. قَالَ: فَعَرَضَ عَلَيْهِ الْمَنْزِلَ لِيَدْخُلَ، فَأَبَى، وَانْصَرَفَ مَكَانَهُ رَاجِعًا، قَالَ: فَأَتْبَعَهُ سَعْدٌ بِزَادِهِ، فَرَدَّهُ مَعَ رَسُولِهِ وَقَالَ: ارْجِعْ بِطَعَامِكَ إِلَى صَاحِبِكَ، فَإِنَّ لَهُ عِيَالًا وَإِنَّ مَعَنَا فَضْلَةً مِنْ زَادِنَا. قَالَ: فَسَارَ فَأَرْمَلَا أَيَّامًا، فَكَانَ أَوَّلُ مَا أَدْرَكْنَا مِنَ الْإِنْسِ امْرَأَةً فِي غَنَمٍ، فَقَامَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ يُصَلِّي، وَانْطَلَقَ الْغُلَامُ حَتَّى بَايَعَ صَاحِبَةَ الْغَنَمِ بِشَاةٍ صَغِيرَةٍ مِنْ غَنَمِهَا بِعِصَابَةٍ كَانَتْ عَلَيْهِ، قَالَ: فَصَرَعَهَا يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَذْبَحَهَا، وَمُحَمَّدٌ قَائِمٌ يُصَلِّي فَأَشَارَ إِلَيْهِ أَنْ لَا يَذْبَحَهَا، فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ قَالَ: مَا هَذِهِ الشَّاةُ ؟ فَإِنْ كَانَ فِي الْغَنَمِ صَاحِبُهَا، فَبَايِعْهُ أَوْ سَلِّمْ بَيْعَ الْأَمَةِ فَأَقْبِلْ بِهَا، وَإِنْ كَانَتْ إِنَّمَا هِيَ رَعِيَّةٌ فَرُدَّهَا، فَإِنَّ الْجُوعَ خَيْرٌ مِنْ مَأْكَلِ السُّوءِ. قَالَ: ثُمَّ سَارَ حَتَّى قَدِمَ عَلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ فَأَخْبَرَهُ بِالَّذِي كَانَ، وَبِمَا أَتْبَعُهُ سَعْدٌ، فَرَدَّهُ مَعَ رَسُولِهِ. فَقَالَ عُمَرُ ؓ: وَمَا مَنَعَكَ أَنْ تَقْبَلَ مِنْهُ ؟
Translation
Chain of narrators
- Isḥāq
- Ismāʿīl b. Ibrāhīm
- Abū Ḥayyān al-Tamīmī
- ʿAbāyah b. Rāfiʿ b. Khadīj
✧ It reached ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb ؓ that Saʿd had installed a door, then said: 'The sound has ceased.' He sent for Muḥammad b. Maslama ؓ, who came to him. He said: 'Go to Saʿd, burn his door, then take him by the hand and bring him out to the people and say: Sit here for the people.' He said: Muḥammad sent his servant in his place to his house, instructing him to bring him two riding camels and provisions from his family. Then he set out walking toward Kufa until he reached the cemetery of Kufa. He saw a Nabataean entering Kufa with reeds on a donkey, selling them. He bought them from him and stipulated that he should deposit them at the door of the amir. He came and deposited his reeds at the door of the amir, lit his fire stick, and Saʿd came. It was said: 'There is a tall, imposing black man here, wearing a lower garment and an upper garment, with a dark-red silk turban without a cap.' He said: 'That is Muḥammad b. Maslama; let him accomplish his task, let no one interfere with him.' He burned the door until it became charcoal. Then Saʿd came out to him and asked him, swearing by God that he had not uttered the word that had reached the Commander of the Faithful, and that a liar had conveyed it to him. He said: Then he offered him lodging, but he refused and returned the way he came. He said: Saʿd sent his provisions after him, but he returned them with his messenger, saying: 'Take your food back to your companion, for he has a family, and we have surplus provisions.' He said: They traveled and ran out of food for some days. The first human being they encountered was a woman with sheep. Muḥammad b. Maslama stood to pray, and the servant went and bargained with the sheep's owner for a small sheep, paying with a headband he had. He said: He threw it down to slaughter it, while Muḥammad was standing praying. He gestured to him not to slaughter it. When he finished, he said: 'What is this sheep? If there is an owner among the flock, bargain with him or hand over the sale of the slave woman and bring it; but if she is merely a shepherdess, return it, for hunger is better than eating from an unlawful source.' He said: Then he traveled until he came to ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb ؓ and told him what had happened and what Saʿd had sent after him, and that he had returned it with his messenger. ʿUmar ؓ said: 'What prevented you from accepting it from him?'
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What scholars said about it
In their own words, as Hadith Unlocked records them. They are shown, not summarised into a grade.
- Dāraquṭnī
رواه سفيان الثوري وأخوه عمر بن سعيد عن أبيهما عن عباية بن رفاعة مرسلا عن عمر مرفوعا إلى النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ورواه قيس بن الربيع عن سعيد بن مسروق عن عباية عن جده رافع بن خديج عن عمر عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم متصلا وتابعه علي بن أحمد بن بسطام عن الجواز عن ابن عيينة عن عمر بن سعيد بن مسروق عن أبيه عن عباية بن رفاعة عن رافع عن عمر ورواه غيره عن الجواز فلم يذكر فيه رافع بن خديج وكذلك رواه ابن المبارك عن ابن عيينة عن عمر بن سعيد عن أبيه عن عباية بن رفاعة بن رافع عن عمر ولعل ما قاله ابن بسطام عن الجواز وهما منه أو ممن روى عنه أراد أن يقول عباية بن رفاعة بن رافع عن عمر فقال عن رافع عن عمر وروى أبو حيان التيمي الحديث بطوله وفيه قصة سعد ومحمد بن مسلمة حين بعث به عمر ليحرق باب دار سعد بن أبي وقاص بالكوفة رواه عن عباية بن رفاعة بن رافع بن خديج عن عمر ولم يسند فيه عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم شيئا والصواب رواية الثوري وأخيه عمر بن سعيد
in المطالب العالية, p. 2535 - Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī
رجاله ثقات لكن فيه انقطاعا
in المطالب العالية, p. 2535
Narrators
- Commander of the Faithful (amīr al-muʾminīn), well-known, of abundant virtues (jamm al-manāqib)d. 23 AH, also said: 24 AHعُمَر بْن الْخَطَّابأمير المؤمنين مشهور جم المناقبفقال
- trustworthy (thiqah)d. between 91 and 100 AHعَبَايَةَ بْنِ رَافِعِ بْنِ خَدِيجٍثقةعن
- trustworthy (thiqah), devout (ʿābid)d. 145 AH, also said: 143 AHأَبُو حَيَّانَ التَّمِيمِيُّثقة عابدحدثنا
- trustworthy, a memorizer (thiqah ḥāfiẓ)d. 193 AH, or 194 AHإِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَثقة حافظأخبرنا
- trustworthy, a memorizer, a mujtahid (thiqah ḥāfiẓ mujtahid)d. 237 AH, or 238 AHإِسْحَاقُثقة حافظ مجتهد
Who each narrator was and how reliable, from hdith.com
Latin names and English verdicts with a dotted underline are machine translations, not reviewed.