Tarikh (al-Tabari) 973
The Great Expedition of Badr
وَمَضَتْ قُرَيْشٌ حَتَّى نَزَلَتْ بِالْعُدْوَةِ الْقُصْوَى مِنَ الْوَادِي خَلْفَ الْعَقَنْقَلِ وَبَطْنِ الْوَادِي، وَنَزَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَالْمُسْلِمُونَ بَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ الْمَاءِ رِحْلَةٌ، وَغَلَبَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فِي أَوَّلِ أَمْرِهِمْ عَلَى الْمَاءِ، فَظَمِئَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ، وَأَصَابَهُمْ ضِيقٌ شَدِيدٌ، وَأَلْقَى الشَّيْطَانُ فِي قُلُوبِهِمُ الْغَيْظَ، فَوَسْوَسَ إِلَيْهِمْ: تَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّكُمْ أَوْلِيَاءُ اللَّهِ وَفِيكُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ وَقَدْ غَلَبَكُمُ الْمُشْرِكُونَ عَلَى الْمَاءِ، وَأَنْتُمْ تُصَلُّونَ مُخْبِتِينَ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى تِلْكَ اللَّيْلَةَ مَطَرًا كَثِيرًا، فَكَانَ عَلَى الْمُشْرِكِينَ وَابِلًا شَدِيدًا مَنَعَهُمْ مِنَ التَّقَدُّمِ، وَكَانَ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ طَلًّا طَهَّرَهُمُ اللَّهُ بِهِ، وَأَذْهَبَ عَنْهُمْ رِجْزَ الشَّيْطَانِ، وَوَطَّأَ بِهِ الْأَرْضَ، وَصَلَّبَ الرَّمْلَ، وَثَبَّتَ الْأَقْدَامَ، وَمَهَّدَ بِهِ الْمَنْزِلَ، وَرَبَطَ بِهِ عَلَى قُلُوبِهِمْ، وَلَمْ يَمْنَعْهُمْ مِنَ السَّيْرِ، وَسَالَ الْوَادِي فَشَرِبَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ، وَمَلَأُوا الْأَسْقِيَةَ، وَسَقَوُا الرِّكَابَ، وَاغْتَسَلُوا مِنَ الْجَنَابَةِ، كَمَا قَالَ تَعَالَى: وَيُنَزِّلُ عَلَيْكُمْ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مَاءً لِيُطَهِّرَكُمْ بِهِ وَيُذْهِبَ عَنْكُمْ رِجْزَ الشَّيْطَانِ وَلِيَرْبِطَ عَلَى قُلُوبِكُمْ وَيُثَبِّتَ بِهِ الأَقْدَامَ [الْأَنْفَالِ: 11]. وَأَصَابَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ تِلْكَ اللَّيْلَةَ نُعَاسٌ أُلْقِيَ عَلَيْهِمْ فَنَامُوا، حَتَّى إِنَّ أَحَدَهُمْ ذَقَنُهُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ وَمَا يَشْعُرُ حَتَّى يَقَعَ عَلَى جَنْبِهِ. وَرَوَى أَبُو يَعْلَى وَالْبَيْهَقِيُّ فِي الدَّلَائِلِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ؓ قَالَ: مَا كَانَ فِينَا فَارِسٌ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ غَيْرُ الْمِقْدَادِ، وَلَقَدْ رَأَيْتُنَا وَمَا فِينَا إِلَّا نَائِمٌ، إِلَّا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُصَلِّي تَحْتَ شَجَرَةٍ حَتَّى أَصْبَحَ. وَرَوَى عَبْدُ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ قَالَ: كَانَ النُّعَاسُ أَمَنَةً مِنَ اللَّهِ، وَكَانَ النُّعَاسُ نُعَاسَيْنِ: نُعَاسَ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ وَنُعَاسَ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ، وَكَانَتْ لَيْلَةَ الْجُمُعَةِ، وَبَيْنَ الْفَرِيقَيْنِ قَوْزٌ مِنَ الرَّمْلِ. وَبَعَثَ ﷺ عَمَّارَ بْنَ يَاسِرٍ وَعَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ مَسْعُودٍ ؓ، فَأَطَافَا بِالْقَوْمِ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَا فَأَخْبَرَاهُ أَنَّ الْقَوْمَ مَذْعُورُونَ، وَأَنَّ السَّمَاءَ تَسُحُّ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَسَارَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عِشَاءً، يُبَادِرُهُمُ الْمَاءَ فَسَبَقَهُمْ إِلَيْهِ، وَمَنَعَهُمْ مِنَ السَّبْقِ إِلَيْهِ الْمَطَرُ، أَرْسَلَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَلَيْهِمْ حَتَّى جَاءَ أَدْنَى مَاءٍ مِنْ بَدْرٍ، نزل به.
Translation
✧ The Quraysh went on until they alighted at the far side of the valley behind the ‘Aqanqal and the bottom of the valley, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and the Muslims alighted with a journey's distance between them and the water. The polytheists overcame the Muslims at the outset of their affair regarding the water, so the Muslims became thirsty, and severe hardship befell them. Satan cast rage into their hearts and whispered to them: 'You claim that you are the allies of Allah, and among you is the Messenger of Allah, yet the polytheists have overcome you regarding the water, while you pray in humility.' So Allah, exalted is He, sent down that night abundant rain. Upon the polytheists it was a heavy downpour that prevented them from advancing, while upon the Muslims it was a light drizzle by which Allah purified them, removed from them the filth of Satan, made the ground soft for them, hardened the sand, made feet firm, smoothed the place of encampment, strengthened their hearts, and did not impede them from marching. The valley flowed, and the believers drank, filled their water skins, gave water to the mounts, and washed themselves from major ritual impurity, as He, exalted is He, said: 'And He sent down upon you water from the sky to purify you with it, and to remove from you the filth of Satan, and to strengthen your hearts, and to make firm thereby your feet' [al-Anfāl: 11]. That night drowsiness came upon the Muslims and was cast over them, so they slept, until one of them had his chin between his hands without being aware until he fell on his side. Abū Yaʿlā and al-Bayhaqī in al-Dalāʾil narrated from ʿAlī ؓ who said: 'There was no horseman among us on the day of Badr except al-Miqdād. And I saw us with no one among us but sleeping, except the Messenger of Allah ﷺ praying under a tree until morning came.' ʿAbd b. Ḥumayd narrated from Qatādah who said: 'The drowsiness was a security from Allah. The drowsiness was of two kinds: the drowsiness of the day of Badr and the drowsiness of the day of Uḥud. It was the night of Friday, and between the two parties was a sand dune.' He ﷺ sent ʿAmmār b. Yāsir and ʿAbd Allāh b. Masʿūd ؓ, and they went around the people, then returned and informed him that the people were terrified, and that the sky was pouring upon them. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ marched at night, hastening to the water ahead of them, and he reached it before them. The rain, which Allah, exalted is He, sent upon them, prevented them from reaching it first until he came to the nearest water of Badr and alighted there.
Grades by grader
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