Tarikh (al-Tabari) 765
The conversion of Umar b. al-Khattab
إِسْلَامُ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ: وَبَيْنَمَا الْمُسْلِمُونَ يَسْعَوْنَ لِلْخَلَاصِ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ بِالْهِجْرَةِ إِلَى دِيَارِ الْحَبَشَةِ، وَبَيْنَمَا يَسْعَوْنَ بِكُلِّ مَا أُوتُوا مِنْ قُوَّةٍ فِي إِيذَاءِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَسْلَمَ عُمَرُ ؓ، وَقَدْ تَعَدَّدَتِ الرِّوَايَاتُ حَوْلَ إِسْلَامِهِ وَإِنْ كَانَ أَشْهَرُهَا أَنَّهُ بَيْنَمَا كَانَ يُرِيدُ قَتْلَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ عَلِمَ بِإِسْلَامِ أُخْتِهِ وَزَوْجِهَا فَعَادَ إِلَيْهَا لِيَتَأَكَّدَ لَدَيْهِ الْخَبَرُ وَيَسْمَعُهَا وَهِيَ تَقْرَأُ الْقُرْآنَ فَيَرِقُّ لَهُ قَلْبُهُ وَيَذْهَبُ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ لَا لِيَقْتُلَهُ وَإِنَّمَا لِيُسْلِمَ وَجْهَهُ لِلَّهِ تَعَالَى وَيَنْصُرُهُ فَأَعَزَّ اللَّهُ بِهِ الْإِسْلَامَ. خَبَرُ الصَّحِيفَةِ وَمَا جَاءَ فِي قِصَّتِهَا وَنَقْضِهَا: لَمَّا وَجَدَ الْكُفَّارُ أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى قَدْ جَعَلَ لِلْعَدِيدِ مِنَ الْمُسْتَضْعَفِينَ مَخْرَجًا فِي بَلَدٍ يَأْمَنُونَ فِيهِ عِنْدَ مَلِكٍ لَا يُظْلَمُ عِنْدَهُ أَحَدٌ فِي الْحَبَشَةِ تَعَاقَدُوا فِيمَا بَيْنَهُمْ عَلَى أَنْ يَنَالُوا مِنَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ وَعَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَكُلِّ مَنْ نَاصَرَهُ مِنْ بَنِي عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ فَكَتَبُوا بَيْنَهُمْ كِتَابًا تَعَاقَدُوا فِيهِ عَلَى قَطِيعَتِهِمْ فَلَا يَشْتَرُونَ وَلَا يَبِيعُونَ وَلَا يَتَزَوَّجُونَ مِنْهُمْ حَتَّى يُسَلِّمُوا لَهُمُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، وَحُوصِرَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَمَنْ نَاصَرَهُ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ مِنَ الْكَافِرِينَ حَمِيَّةً وَعَصَبِيَّةً. حَتَّى أَكْرَمَهُمُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى بِأَنْ أَطْلَعَ نَبِيَّهُ عَلَى مَا حَصَلَ فِي الصَّحِيفَةِ مِنْ تَسْلِيطِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى الْقَرَضَةَ عَلَيْهَا فَقَرَضَتْ مَا فِيهَا مِنَ الظُّلْمِ وَالْقَطِيعَةِ وَلَمْ تَقْرَبِ اسْمَ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى، كَمَا سَعَى فِي هَذِهِ الْأَثْنَاءِ بِتَقْدِيرِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى هِشَامُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو وَضَمَّ إِلَيْهِ بَعْضَ النَّفَرِ فَقَامُوا وَتَعَاقَدُوا عَلَى نَقْضِهَا فَتَمَّ لَهُمْ مَا أَرَادُوا فَضْلًا مِنَ اللَّهِ وَنِعْمَةً عَلَى عِبَادِهِ.
Translation
✧ The conversion of ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb: While the Muslims were striving to escape the polytheists by migrating to the land of Abyssinia, and while they were exerting all the strength they had been given in harming the Prophet ﷺ, ʿUmar ؓ embraced Islam. The narrations about his conversion are numerous, although the most famous of them is that while he was intending to kill the Prophet ﷺ he learned of the conversion of his sister and her husband, so he returned to her to verify the news for himself and heard her reciting the Qurʾān, and his heart softened to it, and he went to the Prophet ﷺ not to kill him but to submit his face to God Almighty and support him. Thus God honored Islam through him. The matter of the document and what is related concerning its story and its annulment: When the disbelievers found that God Almighty had made for many of the weak an escape to a land where they would be safe, under a king where no one suffers injustice, in Abyssinia, they made a pact among themselves to harm the Prophet ﷺ and all who supported him from Banū ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib. They wrote a document among themselves in which they agreed to boycott them, so that they would not buy from them, nor sell to them, nor marry them, until they handed over the Prophet ﷺ to them. The Prophet ﷺ and those believers who supported him were besieged by the disbelievers out of zeal and tribal partisanship. Until God Almighty honored them by informing His Prophet of what had happened to the document: God Almighty set termites upon it, and they ate away what was in it of injustice and boycott, and did not touch the name of God Almighty. Likewise, during this time, by God Almighty's decree, Hishām b. ʿAmr took the initiative and gathered some men to himself, and they arose and made a pact to annul it, and what they intended was accomplished for them as a favor from God and a blessing upon His servants.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.