Dalil
العربية

Tarikh (al-Tabari) 766

The conversion of Umar b. al-Khattab

إسْلَامُ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ   [ اعْتِزَازُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ بِإِسْلَامِ عُمَرَ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَلَمَّا قَدِمَ عَمْرُو بْنُ الْعَاصِ وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي رَبِيعَةَ عَلَى قُرَيْشٍ، وَلَمْ يُدْرِكُوا مَا طَلَبُوا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَرَدَّهُمَا النَّجَاشِيُّ بِمَا يَكْرَهُونَ، وَأَسْلَمَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ، وَكَانَ رَجُلًا ذَا شَكِيمَةٍ لَا يُرَامُ مَا وَرَاءَ ظَهْرِهِ، امْتَنَعَ بِهِ أَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَبِحَمْزَةِ حَتَّى عَازُوا قُرَيْشًا، وَكَانَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ يَقُولُ: مَا كُنَّا نَقْدِرُ عَلَى أَنْ نُصَلِّيَ عِنْدَ الْكَعْبَةِ، حَتَّى أَسْلَمَ عُمَرُ ( بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ )، فَلَمَّا أَسْلَمَ قَاتَلَ قُرَيْشًا حَتَّى صَلَّى عِنْدَ الْكَعْبَةِ، وَصَلَّيْنَا مَعَهُ وَكَانَ إسْلَامُ عُمَرَ بَعْدَ خُرُوجِ مَنْ خَرَجَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ إلَى الْحَبَشَةِ. قَالَ الْبُكَائِيُّ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي مِسْعَرُ بْنُ كِدَامٍ، عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ إبْرَاهِيمَ، قَالَ: قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ: إنَّ إسْلَامَ عُمَرَ كَانَ فَتْحًا، وَإِنَّ هِجْرَتَهُ كَانَتْ نَصْرًا، وَإِنَّ إمَارَتَهُ كَانَتْ رَحْمَةً، وَلَقَدْ كُنَّا مَا نُصَلِّي عِنْدَ الْكَعْبَةِ حَتَّى أَسْلَمَ عُمَرُ، فَلَمَّا أَسْلَمَ قَاتَلَ قُرَيْشًا حَتَّى صَلَّى عِنْدَ الْكَعْبَةِ، وَصَلَّيْنَا مَعَهُ قَالَ فِي «الزَّهْرِ»: وَكَانَ إِسْلَامُهُ فِي ذِي الْحِجَّةِ سَنَةَ سِتٍّ مِنَ الْمَبْعَثِ وَلَهُ سِتٌّ وَعِشْرُونَ سَنَةً فِيمَا ذَكَرَهُ ابْنُ سَعْدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ. قَالَ ابْنُ الْجَوْزِيِّ: سَنَةَ خَمْسٍ. قَالَ أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ: بَعْدَ إِسْلَامِ حَمْزَةَ بِثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ. [ حَدِيثُ أُمِّ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ إسْلَامِ عُمَرَ   ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَيَّاشِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبِيعَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَامِرِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ، عَنْ أُمِّهِ أُمِّ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بِنْتِ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ، قَالَتْ: وَاَللَّهِ إنَّا لَنَتَرَحَّلُ إلَى أَرْضِ الْحَبَشَةِ، وَقَدْ ذَهَبَ عَامِرٌ فِي بَعْضِ حَاجَاتِنَا، إذْ أَقْبَلَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ حَتَّى وَقَفَ عَلَيَّ وَهُوَ عَلَى شِرْكِهِ - قَالَتْ: وَكُنَّا نَلْقَى مِنْهُ الْبَلَاءَ أَذًى لَنَا وَشِدَّةً عَلَيْنَا - قَالَتْ: فَقَالَ: إنَّهُ لَلِانْطِلَاقُ يَا أُمَّ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ. قَالَتْ: فَقُلْتُ: نَعَمْ وَاَللَّهِ، لَنَخْرُجَنَّ فِي أَرْضِ اللَّهِ، آذَيْتُمُونَا وَقَهَرْتُمُونَا، حَتَّى يَجْعَلَ اللَّهُ مَخْرَجًا. قَالَتْ: فَقَالَ: صَحِبَكُمْ اللَّهُ، وَرَأَيْتُ لَهُ رِقَّةً لَمْ أَكُنْ أَرَاهَا، ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ وَقَدْ أَحْزَنَهُ - فِيمَا أَرَى - خُرُوجُنَا. قَالَتْ: فَجَاءَ عَامِرٌ بِحَاجَتِهِ تِلْكَ، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، لَوْ رَأَيْتَ عُمَرَ آنِفًا وَرِقَّتَهُ وَحُزْنَهُ عَلَيْنَا. قَالَ: أَطَمِعْتِ فِي إسْلَامِهِ ؟ قَالَتْ: قُلْتُ: نَعَمْ، قَالَ: فَلَا يُسْلِمُ الَّذِي رَأَيْتِ حَتَّى يُسْلِمَ حِمَارُ الْخَطَّابِ؛ قَالَتْ: يَأْسًا مِنْهُ، لِمَا كَانَ يَرَى مِنْ غِلْظَتِهِ وَقَسْوَتِهِ عَنْ الْإِسْلَامِ. [ حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ عَنْ إسْلَامِ عُمَرَ   ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَكَانَ إسْلَامُ عُمَرَ فِيمَا بَلَغَنِي أَنَّ أُخْتَهُ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتَ الْخَطَّابِ، وَكَانَتْ عِنْدَ سَعِيدِ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ نُفَيْلٍ، وَكَانَتْ قَدْ أَسْلَمَتْ وَأَسْلَمَ بَعْلُهَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، وَهُمَا مُسْتَخْفِيَانِ بِإِسْلَامِهِمَا مِنْ عُمَرَ، وَكَانَ نُعَيْمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النَّحَّامُ، رَجُلٌ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ، مِنْ بَنِي عَدِيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ قَدْ أَسْلَمَ، وَكَانَ أَيْضًا يَسْتَخْفِي بِإِسْلَامِهِ فَرَقًا مِنْ قَوْمِهِ، وَكَانَ خَبَّابُ بْنُ الْأَرَتِّ يَخْتَلِفُ إلَى فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتِ الْخَطَّابِ يُقْرِئُهَا الْقُرْآنَ، فَخَرَجَ عُمَرُ يَوْمًا مُتَوَشِّحًا سَيْفَهُ يُرِيدُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَرَهْطًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ قَدْ ذُكِرُوا لَهُ أَنَّهُمْ قَدْ اجْتَمَعُوا فِي بَيْتٍ عِنْدَ الصَّفَا، وَهُمْ قَرِيبٌ مِنْ أَرْبَعِينَ مَا بَيْنَ رِجَالٍ وَنِسَاءٍ، وَمَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَمُّهُ حَمْزَةُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي قُحَافَةَ الصِّدِّيقُ، وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، فِي رِجَالٍ مِنْ الْمُسْلِمِينَ ؓ، مِمَّنْ كَانَ أَقَامَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِمَكَّةَ، وَلَمْ يَخْرَجْ فِيمَنْ خَرَجَ إلَى أَرْضِ الْحَبَشَةِ، فَلَقِيَهُ نُعَيْمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: أَيْنَ تُرِيدُ يَا عُمَرُ ؟ فَقَالَ: أُرِيدُ مُحَمَّدًا هَذَا الصَّابِئَ، الَّذِي فَرَّقَ أَمْرَ قُرَيْشٍ، وَسَفَّهُ أَحْلَامَهَا، وَعَابَ دِينَهَا، وَسَبَّ آلِهَتَهَا، فَأَقْتُلَهُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ نُعَيْمٌ: وَاَللَّهِ لَقَدْ غَرَّتْكَ نَفْسُكَ مِنْ نَفْسِكَ يَا عُمَرُ، أَتَرَى بَنِي عَبْدِ مَنَافٍ تَارِكِيكَ تَمْشِي عَلَى الْأَرْضِ وَقَدْ قَتَلْتَ مُحَمَّدًا أَفَلَا تَرْجِعُ إلَى أَهْلِ بَيْتِكَ فَتُقِيمَ أَمْرَهُمْ ؟ قَالَ. وَأَيُّ أَهْلِ بَيْتِي ؟ قَالَ: خَتَنُكَ وَابْنُ عَمِّكَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ زَيْدِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو وَأُخْتُكَ فَاطِمَةُ بِنْتُ الْخَطَّابِ، فَقَدْ وَاَللَّهِ أَسْلَمَا، وَتَابَعَا مُحَمَّدًا عَلَى دِينِهِ، فَعَلَيْكَ بِهِمَا؛ قَالَ: فَرَجَعَ عُمَرُ عَامِدًا إلَى أُخْتِهِ وَخَتَنِهِ، وَعِنْدَهُمَا خَبَّابُ بْنُ الْأَرَتِّ مَعَهُ صَحِيفَةٌ، فِيهَا: طَه يُقْرِئُهُمَا إيَّاهَا، فَلَمَّا سَمِعُوا حِسَّ عُمَرَ، تَغَيَّبْ خَبَّابٌ فِي مِخْدَعٍ لَهُمْ، أَوْ فِي بَعْضِ الْبَيْتِ، وَأَخَذَتْ فَاطِمَةُ بِنْتُ الْخَطَّابِ الصَّحِيفَةَ فَجَعَلَتْهَا تَحْتَ فَخِذِهَا. وَقْدَ سَمِعَ عُمَرُ حِينَ دَنَا إلَى الْبَيْتِ قِرَاءَةَ خَبَّابٍ عَلَيْهِمَا  ، فَلَمَّا دَخَلَ قَالَ: مَا هَذِهِ الْهَيْنَمَةُ الَّتِي سَمِعْتُ ؟ قَالَا لَهُ: مَا سَمِعْتَ شَيْئًا؛ قَالَ: بَلَى وَاَللَّهِ، لَقَدْ أُخْبِرْتُ أَنَّكُمَا تَابَعْتُمَا مُحَمَّدًا عَلَى دِينِهِ، وَبَطَشَ بِخَتَنِهِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ؛ فَقَامَتْ إلَيْهِ أُخْتُهُ فَاطِمَةُ بِنْتُ الْخَطَّابِ لَتَكُفَّهُ عَنْ زَوْجِهَا، فَضَرَبَهَا فَشَجَّهَا؛ فَلَمَّا فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ قَالَتْ لَهُ أُخْتُهُ وَخَتَنُهُ: نَعَمْ قَدْ أَسْلَمْنَا وَآمَنَّا بِاَللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ، فَاصْنَعْ مَا بَدَا لَكَ. فَلَمَّا رَأَى عُمَرُ مَا بِأُخْتِهِ مِنْ الدَّمِ نَدِمَ عَلَى مَا صَنَعَ، فَاِرْعَوى، وَقَالَ لِأُخْتِهِ: أَعْطِينِي هَذِهِ الصَّحِيفَةَ الَّتِي سَمِعْتُكُمْ تَقْرَءُونَ آنِفًا أَنْظُرْ مَا هَذَا الَّذِي جَاءَ بِهِ مُحَمَّدٌ، وَكَانَ عُمَرُ كَاتِبًا؛ فَلَمَّا قَالَ ذَلِكَ، قَالَتْ لَهُ أُخْتُهُ: إنَّا نَخْشَاكَ عَلَيْهَا؛ قَالَ: لَا تَخَافِي. وَحَلَفَ لَهَا بِآلِهَتِهِ لَيَرُدَّنَّهَا إذَا قَرَأَهَا إلَيْهَا؛ فَلَمَّا قَالَ ذَلِكَ، طَمِعَتْ فِي إسْلَامِهِ، فَقَالَتْ لَهُ: يَا أَخِي، إنَّكَ نَجِسٌ، عَلَى شِرْكِكَ، وَإِنَّهُ لَا يَمَسُّهَا إلَّا الطَّاهِرُ، فَقَامَ عُمَرُ فَاغْتَسَلَ، فَأَعْطَتْهُ الصَّحِيفَةَ، وَفِيهَا: طَه فَقَرَأَهَا؛ فَلَمَّا قَرَأَ مِنْهَا صَدْرًا، قَالَ: مَا أَحْسَنَ هَذَا الْكَلَامَ وَأَكْرَمَهُ فَلَمَّا سَمِعَ ذَلِكَ خَبَّابٌ خَرَجَ إلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: يَا عُمَرُ، وَاَللَّهِ إنِّي لَأَرْجُو أَنْ يَكُونَ اللَّهُ قَدْ خَصَّكَ بِدَعْوَةِ نَبِيَّهُ، فَإِنِّي سَمِعْتُهُ أَمْسِ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: اللَّهُمَّ أَيِّدْ الْإِسْلَامَ بِأَبِي الْحَكَمِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ، أَوْ بِعُمَرِ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، فَاَللَّهَ اللَّهَ يَا عُمَرُ. فَقَالَ لَهُ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ عُمَرُ: فَدُلَّنِي يَا خَبَّابُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ حَتَّى آتِيَهُ فَأُسْلِمَ، فَقَالَ لَهُ خَبَّابٌ: هُوَ فِي بَيْتٍ عِنْدَ الصَّفَا، مَعَهُ فِيهِ نَفَرٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ، فَأَخَذَ عُمَرُ سَيْفَهُ فَتَوَشَّحَهُ، ثُمَّ عَمَدَ إلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَصْحَابِهِ، فَضَرَبَ عَلَيْهِمْ الْبَابَ؛ فَلَمَّا سَمِعُوا صَوْتَهُ، قَامَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَنَظَرَ مِنْ خَلَلِ الْبَابِ فَرَآهُ مُتَوَشِّحًا السَّيْفَ، فَرَجَعَ إلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ فَزِعٌ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، هَذَا عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ مُتَوَشِّحًا السَّيْفَ ؟ فَقَالَ حَمْزَةُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ: فَأْذَنْ لَهُ، فَإِنْ كَانَ جَاءَ يُرِيدُ خَيْرًا بَذَلْنَاهُ لَهُ، وَإِنْ كَانَ ( جَاءَ ) يُرِيدُ شَرًّا قَتَلْنَاهُ بِسَيْفِهِ؛ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: ائْذَنْ لَهُ، فَأَذِنَ لَهُ الرَّجُلُ، وَنَهَضَ إلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَتَّى لَقِيَهُ فِي الْحُجْرَةِ، فَأَخَذَ حُجْزَتَهُ، أَوْ بِمِجْمَعِ رِدَائِهِ، ثُمَّ جَبَذَهُ ( بِهِ ) جَبْذَةً شَدِيدَةً، وَقَالَ: مَا جَاءَ بِكَ يَا ابْنَ الْخَطَّابِ ؟ فَوَاَللَّهِ مَا أَرَى أَنْ تَنْتَهِيَ حَتَّى يُنْزِلَ اللَّهُ بِكَ قَارِعَةً ؟ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، جِئْتُكَ لِأُومِنَ بِاَللَّهِ وَبِرَسُولِهِ، وَبِمَا جَاءَ مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ؛ قَالَ: فَكَبَّرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ تَكْبِيرَةً عَرَفَ أَهْلُ الْبَيْتِ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّ عُمَرَ قَدْ أَسْلَمَ فَتَفَرَّقَ أَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ مَكَانِهِمْ، وَقَدْ عَزُّوا فِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ حِينَ أَسْلَمَ عُمَرُ مَعَ إسْلَامِ حَمْزَةَ، وَعَرَفُوا أَنَّهُمَا سَيَمْنَعَانِ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَيَنْتَصِفُونَ بِهِمَا مِنْ عَدُوِّهِمْ. فَهَذَا حَدِيثُ الرُّوَاةِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ عَنْ إسْلَامِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ حِينَ أَسْلَمَ. وَقَدْ رَوَى قِصَّةَ إِسْلَامِهِ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، وَابْنُ سَعْدٍ، وَأَبُو يَعْلَى، وَالْحَاكِمُ عَنْ أَنَسٍ، وَالْبَزَّارُ وَالطَّبَرَانِيُّ عَنْ أَسْلَمَ مَوْلَاهُ عَنْهُ، وَأَبُو نُعَيْمٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ. قَالَ أَسْلَمُ مَوْلَاهُ عَنْهُ: أَتُحِبُّونَ أَنْ أُعْلِمَكُمْ بِإِسْلَامِي؟ قُلْنَا: نَعَمْ قَالَ: كُنْتُ أَشَدَّ النَّاسِ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَجَلَسْتُ يَوْمًا مَعَ أَبِي جَهْلِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ أَوْ شَيْبَةَ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ، فَقَالَ أَبُو جَهْلٍ: يَا مَعْشَرَ قُرَيْشٍ إِنَّ مُحَمَّدًا قَدْ شَتَمَ آلِهَتَكُمْ وَسَفَّهَ أَحْلَامَكُمْ وَزَعَمَ أَنَّ مَنْ مَضَى مِنْ آبَائِكُمْ يَتَهَافَتُونَ فِي النَّارِ، أَلَّا وَمَنْ قَتَلَ مُحَمَّدًا فَلَهُ عَلَيَّ مِائَةُ نَاقَةٍ حَمْرَاءَ وَسَوْدَاءَ وَأَلْفُ أُوقِيَّةٍ مِنْ فِضَّةٍ. قَالَ عُمَرُ: فَخَرَجْتُ مُتَقَلِّدًا السَّيْفَ مُتَنَكِّبًا كِنَانَتِي أُرِيدُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، فَمَرَرْتُ عَلَى عَجَلٍ وَهُمْ يُرِيدُونَ ذَبْحَهُ فَقُمْتُ أَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِمْ فَإِذَا صَائِحٌ يَصِيحُ مِنْ جَوْفِ الْعِجْلِ: يَا لَذُرَيْحٍ، رَجُلٌ يَصِيحُ، بِلِسَانٍ فَصِيحٍ، يَدْعُو إِلَى شَهَادَةِ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ. قَالَ عُمَرُ: فَقُلْتُ فِي نَفْسِي إِنَّ هَذَا لَأَمْرٌ مَا يُرَادُ بِهِ إِلَّا أَنَا. قَالَ: ثُمَّ مَرَرْتُ بِغَنَمٍ فَإِذَا هَاتِفٌ يَهْتِفُ وَيَقُولُ: يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ ذَوُو الْأَجْسَامِ مَا أَنْتُمْ وَطَائِشُ الْأَحَلَامِ     وَمُسْنِدُ الْحُكْمِ إِلَى الْأَصْنَامِ فَكُلُّكُمْ أَوْرَهُ كَالْكَهَامِ     أَمَا تَرَوْنَ مَا أَرَى أَمَامِي مِنْ سَاطِعٍ يَجْلُو دُجَى الظَّلَامِ     قَدْ لَاحَ لِلنَّاظِرِ مِنْ تِهَامِ أَكْرَمَهُ الرَّحْمَنُ مِنْ إِمَامِ     قَدْ جَاءَ بَعْدَ الْكُفْرِ بِالْإِسْلَامِ وَالْبِرِّ وَالصِّلَاتِ لِلْأَرْحَامِ     وَيَزْجُرُ النَّاسَ عَنِ الْآثَامِ فَبَادِرُوا سَبْقًا إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ بِلَا فُتُورٍ وَبِلَا إِحْجَامِ قَالَ عُمَرُ: فَقُلْتُ وَاللَّهِ مَا أَرَاهُ إِلَّا أَرَادَنِي. ثُمَّ مَرَرْتُ بِالضِّمَارِ فَإِذَا هَاتِفٌ يَهْتِفُ مِنْ جَوْفِهِ: تُرِكَ الضِّمَارُ وَكَانَ يُعْبَدُ مَرَّةً     قَبْلَ الصَّلَاةِ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ مُحَمَّدِ إِنَّ الَّذِي وَرِثَ النُّبُوَّةَ وَالْهُدَى     بَعْدَ ابْنِ مَرْيَمَ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ مُهْتَدِي سَيَقُولُ مَنْ عَبَدَ الضِّمَارَ وَمِثْلَهُ     لَيْتَ الضِّمَارَ وَمِثْلَهُ لَمْ يُعْبَدِ فَاصْبِرْ أَبَا حَفْصٍ فَإِنَّكَ امْرُؤٌ     يَأْتِيكَ عِزٌّ غَيْرُ عِزِّ بَنِي عَدِي لَا تَعْجُلَنَّ فَأَنْتَ نَاصِرُ دِينِهِ     حَقًّا يَقِينًا بِاللِّسَانِ وَبِالْيَدِ قَالَ عُمَرُ: فَوَاللَّهِ لَقَدْ عَلِمْتُ أَنَّهُ أَرَادَنِي.... ثم ذكر قصته مع نعيم بن عبد الله النحام وأخته وختنه وخباب السابق ذكرها. [ رِوَايَةُ عَطَاءٍ وَمُجَاهِدٍ عَنْ إسْلَامِ عُمَرَ   ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَحَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ الْمَكِّيُّ، عَنْ أَصْحَابِهِ: عَطَاءٍ، وَمُجَاهِدٍ، أَوْ عَمَّنْ رَوَى ذَلِكَ: أَنَّ إسْلَامَ عُمَرَ فِيمَا تَحَدَّثُوا بِهِ عَنْهُ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ: كُنْتُ لِلْإِسْلَامِ مُبَاعِدًا، وَكُنْتُ صَاحِبَ خَمْرٍ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، أُحِبُّهَا وَأُسِرُّ بِهَا، وَكَانَ لَنَا مَجْلِسٌ يَجْتَمِعُ فِيهِ رِجَالٌ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ بِالْحَزْوَرَةِ، عِنْدَ دُورَ آلِ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ بْنِ عِمْرَانَ الْمَخْزُومِيِّ، قَالَ: فَخَرَجْتُ لَيْلَةً أُرِيدُ جُلَسَائِي أُولَئِكَ فِي مَجْلِسِهِمْ ذَلِكَ، قَالَ: فَجِئْتهمْ فَلَمْ أَجِدْ فِيهِ مِنْهُمْ أَحَدًا. قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ: لَوْ أَنِّي جِئْتُ فُلَانًا الْخَمَّارَ، وَكَانَ بِمَكَّةَ يَبِيعُ الْخَمْرَ، لَعَلِّي أَجِدُ عِنْدَهُ خَمْرًا فَأَشْرَبَ مِنْهَا. قَالَ: فَخَرَجْتُ فَجِئْتُهُ فَلَمْ أَجِدْهُ. قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ: فَلَوْ أَنِّي جِئْتُ الْكَعْبَةَ فَطُفْتُ بِهَا سَبْعًا أَوْ سَبْعِينَ. قَالَ: فَجِئْتُ الْمَسْجِدَ أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَطُوِّفَ بِالْكَعْبَةِ، فَإِذَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَائِمٌ يُصَلِّي، وَكَانَ إذَا صَلَّى اسْتَقْبَلَ الشَّامَ، وَجَعَلَ الْكَعْبَةَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ الشَّامِ، وَكَانَ مُصَلَّاهُ بَيْنَ الرُّكْنَيْنِ: الرُّكْنِ الْأَسْوَدِ، وَالرُّكْنِ الْيَمَانِيِّ. قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ حِينَ رَأَيْتُهُ، وَاَللَّهِ لَوْ أَنِّي اسْتَمَعْتُ لِمُحَمَّدٍ اللَّيْلَةَ حَتَّى أَسْمَعَ مَا يَقُولُ ( قَالَ ) فَقُلْتُ: لَئِنْ دَنَوْتُ مِنْهُ أَسْتَمِعُ مِنْهُ لَأُرَوِّعَنَّهُ؛ فَجِئْتُ مِنْ قِبَلِ الْحِجْرِ، فَدَخَلْتُ تَحْتَ ثِيَابِهَا، فَجَعَلْتُ أَمْشِي رُوَيْدًا، وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَائِمٌ يُصَلِّي يَقْرَأُ الْقُرْآنَ، حَتَّى قُمْتُ فِي قِبْلَتِهِ مُسْتَقْبِلَهُ، مَا بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَهُ إلَّا ثِيَابُ الْكَعْبَةِ. قَالَ: فَلَمَّا سَمِعْتُ الْقُرْآنَ رَقَّ لَهُ قَلْبِي، فَبَكَيْتُ وَدَخَلَنِي الْإِسْلَامُ، فَلَمْ أَزَلْ قَائِمًا فِي مَكَانِي ذَلِكَ، حَتَّى قَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ صَلَاتَهُ، ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ، وَكَانَ إذَا انْصَرَفَ خَرَجَ عَلَى دَارِ ابْنِ أَبِي حُسَيْنٍ، وَكَانَتْ طَرِيقَهُ، حَتَّى يَجْزَعَ الْمَسْعَى، ثُمَّ يَسْلُكُ بَيْنَ دَارِ عَبَّاسِ بْنِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، وَبَيْنَ دَارِ ابْنِ أَزْهَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ عَوْفٍ الزُّهْرِيِّ، ثُمَّ عَلَى دَارِ الْأَخْنَسِ بْنِ شَرِيقٍ، حَتَّى يَدْخُلَ بَيْتَهُ. وَكَانَ مَسْكَنُهُ ﷺ فِي الدَّارِ الرَّقْطَاءِ، الَّتِي كَانَتْ بِيَدَيْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ. قَالَ عُمَرُ ؓ: فَتَبِعْتُهُ حَتَّى إذَا دَخَلَ بَيْنَ دَارِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَدَارِ بْنِ أَزْهَرَ، أَدْرَكْتُهُ؛ فَلَمَّا سَمِعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حِسِّي عَرَفَنِي، فَظَنَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنِّي إنَّمَا تَبِعْتُهُ لِأُوذِيَهُ فَنَهَمَنِي، ثُمَّ قَالَ: مَا جَاءَ بِكَ يَا ابْنَ الْخَطَّابِ هَذِهِ السَّاعَةَ ؟ قَالَ: قُلْتُ: ( جِئْتُ ) لِأُومِنَ بِاَللَّهِ وَبِرَسُولِهِ، وَبِمَا جَاءَ مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ؛ قَالَ: فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: قَدْ هَدَاكَ اللَّهُ يَا عُمَرُ، ثُمَّ مَسَحَ صَدْرِي، وَدَعَا لِي بِالثَّبَاتِ، ثُمَّ انْصَرَفْتُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَدَخَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَيْتَهُ قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ، وَاَللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ أَيَّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ. [ ذِكْرُ قُوَّةِ عُمَرَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ وَجَلَدِهِ   ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَحَدَّثَنِي نَافِعٌ مَوْلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، قَالَ: لَمَّا أَسْلَمَ أَبِي عُمَرُ قَالَ: أَيُّ قُرَيْشٍ أَنْقَلُ لِلْحَدِيثِ ؟ فَقِيلَ لَهُ: جَمِيلُ بْنُ مَعْمَرٍ الْجُمَحِيُّ. قَالَ: فَغَدَا عَلَيْهِ. قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ: فَغَدَوْتُ أَتْبَعُ أَثَرَهُ، وَأَنْظُرُ مَا يَفْعَلُ، وَأَنَا غُلَامٌ أَعْقِلُ كُلَّ مَا رَأَيْتُ، حَتَّى جَاءَهُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: أَعَلِمْتَ يَا جَمِيلُ أَنِّي قَدْ أَسْلَمْتُ: وَدَخَلْتُ فِي دِينِ مُحَمَّدٍ ؟ قَالَ: فَوَاَللَّهِ مَا رَاجَعَهُ حَتَّى قَامَ يَجُرُّ رِدَاءَهُ وَاتَّبَعَهُ عُمَرُ، وَاتَّبَعْتُ أَبِي، حَتَّى إذَا قَامَ عَلَى بَابِ الْمَسْجِدِ صَرَخَ بِأَعْلَى صَوْتِهِ: يَا مَعْشَرَ قُرَيْشٍ، وَهُمْ فِي أَنْدِيَتِهِمْ حَوْلَ الْكَعْبَةِ، أَلَا إنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ قَدْ صَبَأَ. قَالَ: ( و ) يَقُولُ عُمَرُ مِنْ خَلْفِهِ: كَذَبَ، وَلَكِنِّي قَدْ أَسْلَمْتُ، وَشَهِدْتُ أَنْ لَا إلَهَ إلَّا اللَّهُ، وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ. وَثَارُوا إلَيْهِ، فَمَا بَرِحَ يُقَاتِلُهُمْ وَيُقَاتِلُونَهُ حَتَّى قَامَتْ الشَّمْسُ عَلَى رُءُوسِهِمْ. قَالَ: وَطَلِحَ، فَقَعَدَ وَقَامُوا عَلَى رَأْسِهِ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: افْعَلُوا مَا بَدَا لَكُمْ، فَأَحْلِفُ بِاَللَّهِ أَنْ لَوْ قَدْ كُنَّا ثَلَاثَ ماِئَةِ رَجُلٍ ( لَقَدْ ) تَرَكْنَاهَا لَكُمْ، أَوْ تَرَكْتُمُوهَا لَنَا، قَالَ: فَبَيْنَمَا هُمْ عَلَى ذَلِكَ، إذْ أَقْبَلَ شَيْخٌ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ، عَلَيْهِ حُلَّةٌ حِبْرَةٌ، وَقَمِيصٌ مُوَشًّى، حَتَّى وَقَفَ عَلَيْهِمْ، فَقَالَ: مَا شَأْنُكُمْ ؟ قَالُوا: صَبَا عُمَرُ، فَقَالَ: فَمَهْ، رَجُلٌ اخْتَارَ لِنَفْسِهِ أَمْرًا فَمَاذَا تُرِيدُونَ ؟ أَتَرَوْنَ بَنِي عَدِيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ يُسْلِمُونَ لَكُمْ صَاحِبَهُمْ هَكَذَا خَلُّوا عَنْ الرَّجُلِ. قَالَ: فَوَاَللَّهِ لَكَأَنَّمَا كَانُوا ثَوْبًا كُشِطَ عَنْهُ. قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ لِأَبِي بَعْدَ أَنْ هَاجَرَ إلَى الْمَدِينَةِ: يَا أَبَتْ، مَنْ الرَّجُلُ: الَّذِي زَجَرَ الْقَوْمَ عَنْكَ بِمَكَّةَ يَوْمَ أَسْلَمْتُ، وَهُمْ يُقَاتِلُونَكَ ؟ فَقَالَ: ذَاكَ، أَيْ بُنَيَّ، الْعَاصِ بْنُ وَائِلٍ السَّهْمِيُّ. قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: وَحَدَّثَنِي بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: يَا أَبَتْ، مَنْ الرَّجُلُ الَّذِي زَجَرَ الْقَوْمَ عَنْكَ ( بِمَكَّةَ ) يَوْمَ أَسْلَمْتَ، وَهُمْ يُقَاتِلُونَكَ، جَزَاهُ اللَّهُ خَيْرًا. قَالَ: يَا بُنَيَّ، ذَاكَ الْعَاصِ بْنُ وَائِلٍ، لَا جَزَاهُ اللَّهُ خَيْرًا. قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَحَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ عَنْ بَعْضِ آلِ عُمَرَ، أَوْ بَعْضِ أَهْلِهِ، قَالَ: قَالَ عُمَرُ: لَمَّا أَسْلَمْتُ تِلْكَ اللَّيْلَةَ، تَذَكَّرْتُ أَيَّ أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ أَشَدُّ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَدَاوَةً حَتَّى آتِيَهُ فَأُخْبِرَهُ أَنِّي قَدْ أَسْلَمْتُ؛ قَالَ: قُلْتُ: أَبُو جَهْلٍ - وَكَانَ عُمَرُ لِحَنْتَمَةَ بِنْتِ هِشَامِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ - قَالَ: فَأَقْبَلْتُ حِينَ أَصْبَحْتُ حَتَّى ضَرَبْتُ عَلَيْهِ بَابَهُ. قَالَ: فَخَرَجَ إلَيَّ أَبُو جَهْلٍ، فَقَالَ: مَرْحَبًا وَأَهْلًا بِابْنِ أُخْتِي، مَا جَاءَ بِكَ ؟ قَالَ: جِئْتُ لِأُخْبِرَكَ أَنِّي قَدْ آمَنْتُ بِاَللَّهِ وَبِرَسُولِهِ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَصَدَّقْتُ بِمَا جَاءَ بِهِ؛ قَالَ: فَضَرَبَ الْبَابَ فِي وَجْهِي وَقَالَ: قَبَّحَكَ اللَّهُ، وَقَبَّحَ مَا جِئْتَ بِهِ.

Translation

✧ The Conversion of ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb ؓ [The Muslims' Pride in ʿUmar's Conversion] Ibn Isḥāq said: When ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ and ʿAbd Allāh b. Abī Rabīʿah came back to Quraysh without attaining what they sought from the companions of the Messenger of God ﷺ, and the Negus sent them back with what they disliked, and ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb converted—and he was a man of firm will whose back was not to be reached—the companions of the Messenger of God ﷺ were protected by him and by Ḥamzah until they held their own against Quraysh. ʿAbd Allāh b. Masʿūd used to say: We were not able to pray at the Kaʿbah until ʿUmar (b. al-Khaṭṭāb) converted. When he converted, he fought Quraysh until he prayed at the Kaʿbah, and we prayed with him. ʿUmar's conversion took place after the departure of those of the companions of the Messenger of God ﷺ who went out to Abyssinia. Al-Bukāʾī said: Misʿar b. Kidām narrated to me, from Saʿd b. Ibrāhīm, who said: ʿAbd Allāh b. Masʿūd said: ʿUmar's conversion was a victory, his emigration was a triumph, and his rule was a mercy. We could not pray at the Kaʿbah until ʿUmar converted. When he converted, he fought Quraysh until he prayed at the Kaʿbah, and we prayed with him. He said in "al-Zahr": His conversion was in Dhū al-Ḥijjah in the sixth year of the mission, and he was twenty-six years old, as mentioned by Ibn Saʿd from Ibn al-Musayyib. Ibn al-Jawzī said: In the fifth year. Abū Nuʿaym said: Three days after Ḥamzah's conversion. [The Narration of Umm ʿAbd Allāh about ʿUmar's Conversion] Ibn Isḥāq said: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. al-Ḥārith b. ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAyyāsh b. Abī Rabīʿah narrated to me, from ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿĀmir b. Rabīʿah, from his mother Umm ʿAbd Allāh bt. Abī Ḥathmah, who said: By God, we were departing for the land of Abyssinia, and ʿĀmir had gone on some errand of ours, when ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb came and stood over me while he was still upon his polytheism—she said: We used to suffer from him harm and harshness—she said: He said: It is indeed departure, O Umm ʿAbd Allāh. She said: I said: Yes, by God, we will go forth in God's land. You have harmed us and oppressed us, until God makes a way out. She said: He said: May God accompany you. And I saw in him a tenderness I had not seen before. Then he turned away, and our departure grieved him, it seemed to me. She said: Then ʿĀmir came with that errand of his, and I said to him: O Abū ʿAbd Allāh, if only you had seen ʿUmar just now and his tenderness and his grief for us. He said: Do you hope for his conversion? She said: I said: Yes. He said: The one you saw will not convert until al-Khaṭṭāb's donkey converts. She said: Despairing of him, because of the harshness and hardness toward Islam that he saw in him. [Another Narration about ʿUmar's Conversion] Ibn Isḥāq said: The conversion of ʿUmar, as it reached me, was that his sister Fāṭimah bt. al-Khaṭṭāb, who was married to Saʿīd b. Zayd b. ʿAmr b. Nufayl—she had converted, and her husband Saʿīd b. Zayd had converted—and they were hiding their Islam from ʿUmar. And Nuʿaym b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Naḥḥām, a man of his people, from Banū ʿAdī b. Kaʿb, had converted, and he too was hiding his Islam out of fear of his people. And Khabbāb b. al-Aratt used to go to Fāṭimah bt. al-Khaṭṭāb to teach her the Qurʾān. One day ʿUmar went out with his sword slung over his shoulder, intending the Messenger of God ﷺ and a group of his companions who had been mentioned to him as having gathered in a house near al-Ṣafā, about forty men and women. With the Messenger of God ﷺ were his uncle Ḥamzah b. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib, Abū Bakr b. Abī Quḥāfah al-Ṣiddīq, and ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib, among Muslim men ؓ who had stayed with the Messenger of God ﷺ in Makkah and had not gone out with those who went to the land of Abyssinia. Nuʿaym b. ʿAbd Allāh met him and said: Where are you heading, O ʿUmar? He said: I want Muḥammad, this Ṣābiʾ, who has divided the affair of Quraysh, called their dreams foolish, disparaged their religion, and cursed their gods, so that I may kill him. Nuʿaym said to him: By God, your own soul has deceived you, O ʿUmar. Do you think Banū ʿAbd Manāf would leave you walking on the earth after you killed Muḥammad? Will you not return to your own household and set their affair straight? He said: And which of my household? He said: Your brother-in-law and cousin Saʿīd b. Zayd b. ʿAmr and your sister Fāṭimah bt. al-Khaṭṭāb. By God, they have both converted and followed Muḥammad in his religion, so go to them. He said: So ʿUmar turned back, heading to his sister and brother-in-law, and with them was Khabbāb b. al-Aratt, who had a scroll in which was Ṭā Hā, teaching it to them. When they heard ʿUmar's sound, Khabbāb hid in a small room of theirs, or in some part of the house, and Fāṭimah bt. al-Khaṭṭāb took the scroll and placed it under her thigh. ʿUmar had heard, when he approached the house, Khabbāb's recitation to them. When he entered, he said: What is this murmuring that I heard? They said to him: You heard nothing. He said: Yes, by God, I have been told that you two have followed Muḥammad in his religion. And he seized his brother-in-law Saʿīd b. Zayd. His sister Fāṭimah bt. al-Khaṭṭāb rose to stop him from her husband, and he struck her and wounded her. When he did that, his sister and brother-in-law said to him: Yes, we have converted and believed in God and His Messenger, so do what you will. When ʿUmar saw the blood on his sister, he regretted what he had done, relented, and said to his sister: Give me this scroll that I heard you reading just now, so I may see what this is that Muḥammad has brought. ʿUmar was a scribe. When he said that, his sister said: We fear you with it. He said: Do not fear. And he swore to her by his gods that he would return it to her when he had read it. When he said that, she hoped for his conversion, and said to him: O my brother, you are impure in your polytheism, and only the pure may touch it. So ʿUmar rose and washed, and she gave him the scroll, in which was Ṭā Hā, and he read it. When he read a portion of it, he said: How beautiful and noble is this speech! When Khabbāb heard that, he came out to him and said: O ʿUmar, by God, I hope that God has singled you out for the prayer of His Prophet, for I heard him yesterday saying: O God, strengthen Islam with Abū al-Ḥakam b. Hishām or with ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb. So God, God, O ʿUmar. Then ʿUmar said to him: Show me, O Khabbāb, where Muḥammad is, so that I may go to him and convert. Khabbāb said to him: He is in a house near al-Ṣafā, with a small group of his companions. ʿUmar took his sword and slung it over his shoulder, then went to the Messenger of God ﷺ and his companions and knocked on the door. When they heard his voice, a man from the companions of the Messenger of God ﷺ rose and looked through a crack in the door and saw him with his sword slung over his shoulder, and he went back to the Messenger of God ﷺ in alarm, saying: O Messenger of God, this is ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb with his sword slung over his shoulder. Ḥamzah b. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib said: Let him in. If he has come seeking good, we will grant it to him; if he has come seeking evil, we will kill him with his own sword. The Messenger of God ﷺ said: Let him in. So the man let him in. The Messenger of God ﷺ rose and went to him until he met him in the room. He took hold of his waistband, or the gathered part of his cloak, then pulled him with a strong pull, and said: What has brought you, O son of al-Khaṭṭāb? By God, I do not think you will stop until God sends down upon you a calamity. ʿUmar said: O Messenger of God, I have come to you to believe in God and His Messenger and what has come from God. He said: The Messenger of God ﷺ then pronounced a takbīr, and the people of the house among the companions of the Messenger of God ﷺ knew that ʿUmar had converted. The companions of the Messenger of God ﷺ dispersed from their place, and they felt strong in themselves when ʿUmar converted along with the conversion of Ḥamzah, and they knew that the two of them would defend the Messenger of God ﷺ and that through them they would obtain justice from their enemy. This is the narration of the transmitters among the people of Madinah about the conversion of ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb when he converted. The story of his conversion was narrated by Ibn Isḥāq, Ibn Saʿd, Abū Yaʿlā, al-Ḥākim from Anas, al-Bazzār and al-Ṭabarānī from Aslam, his mawlā, from him, and Abū Nuʿaym from Ibn ʿUmar. Aslam, his mawlā, said from him: Would you like me to tell you about my conversion? We said: Yes. He said: I was the harshest of people against the Messenger of God ﷺ. One day I sat with Abū Jahl b. Hishām or Shaybah b. Rabīʿah. Abū Jahl said: O assembly of Quraysh, Muḥammad has reviled your gods, called your dreams foolish, and claimed that your forefathers who have passed away are falling into the Fire. Now, whoever kills Muḥammad shall have from me a hundred red and black camels and a thousand ounces of silver. ʿUmar said: So I went out with my sword slung and my quiver over my shoulder, intending the Prophet ﷺ. I passed by a calf that they were about to slaughter, and I stood looking at them, and behold, a voice cried from inside the calf: O Dhuraīḥ, a man crying out in eloquent tongue, calling to bear witness that there is no god but God and that Muḥammad is the Messenger of God. ʿUmar said: I said to myself: This is a matter intended only for me. He said: Then I passed by some sheep, and behold, a voice cried out saying: O people, possessors of bodies, what are you and the flighty dreams And those who attribute judgment to idols All of you are more foolish than blunt swords Do you not see what I see before me A shining light that clears the darkness of gloom It has appeared to the observer from Tihāmah The Most Merciful has honored an Imam Who has come after unbelief with Islam And piety and ties with kin And he forbids people from sins So hasten to precede to Islam Without slackness and without holding back ʿUmar said: I said, by God, I think it intended only me. Then I passed by al-Ḍimār, and behold, a voice cried from inside it: Al-Ḍimār is abandoned and was once worshipped Before prayer with the Prophet Muḥammad Indeed the one who inherited prophethood and guidance After the son of Maryam from Quraysh is guided Those who worshipped al-Ḍimār and its like will say Would that al-Ḍimār and its like had not been worshipped So be patient, Abū Ḥafṣ, for you are a man To whom will come an honor other than the honor of Banū ʿAdī Do not be hasty, for you are the supporter of his religion Truly, certainly, with tongue and hand ʿUmar said: By God, I knew that it intended me... Then he mentioned his story with Nuʿaym b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Naḥḥām and his sister and brother-in-law and Khabbāb, as previously mentioned. [The Narration of ʿAṭāʾ and Mujāhid about ʿUmar's Conversion] Ibn Isḥāq said: ʿAbd Allāh b. Abī Najīḥ al-Makkī narrated to me, from his companions: ʿAṭāʾ and Mujāhid, or from one who narrated that: The conversion of ʿUmar, as they related from him, was that he used to say: I was distant from Islam, and I was a companion of wine in the Age of Ignorance, loving it and delighting in it. We had a gathering place where men of Quraysh met at al-Ḥazwarah, near the houses of the family of ʿUmar b. ʿAbd b. ʿImrān al-Makhzūmī. He said: I went out one night intending my companions in that gathering. He said: I came to them and found none of them there. He said: I said: Perhaps I should go to So-and-so the wine seller—he was in Makkah selling wine—perhaps I will find wine with him and drink some. He said: So I went out and came to him, but I did not find him. He said: I said: Perhaps I should go to the Kaʿbah and circumambulate it seven times or seventy. He said: I came to the mosque intending to circumambulate the Kaʿbah, and behold, the Messenger of God ﷺ was standing praying. When he prayed, he faced Syria, with the Kaʿbah between him and Syria, and his prayer place was between the two corners: the Black Stone and the Yemeni Corner. He said: When I saw him, I said: By God, if I were to listen to Muḥammad tonight until I hear what he says. He said: I said: If I draw near to him to listen to him, I will frighten him. So I came from the direction of the Ḥijr and entered beneath its coverings, and I walked slowly while the Messenger of God ﷺ stood praying, reciting the Qurʾān, until I stood in his qiblah facing him, with nothing between me and him but the coverings of the Kaʿbah. He said: When I heard the Qurʾān, my heart softened to it, and I wept, and Islam entered me. I remained standing in that place until the Messenger of God ﷺ finished his prayer, then he departed. When he departed, he went out past the house of Ibn Abī Ḥusayn, which was his route, until he crossed the Masʿā, then he took the path between the house of ʿAbbās b. al-Muṭṭalib and the house of Ibn Azhar b. ʿAbd ʿAwf al-Zuhrī, then past the house of al-Akhnas b. Sharīq, until he entered his house. His dwelling ﷺ was in the Dār al-Raqṭāʾ, which was in the hands of Muʿāwiyah b. Abī Sufyān. ʿUmar ؓ said: I followed him until, when he entered between the house of ʿAbbās and the house of Ibn Azhar, I caught up with him. When the Messenger of God ﷺ heard my sound, he recognized me and thought that I had followed him to harm him, so he rebuked me, then said: What has brought you, O son of al-Khaṭṭāb, at this hour? He said: I said: I have come to believe in God and His Messenger and what has come from God. He said: The Messenger of God ﷺ praised God, then said: God has guided you, O ʿUmar. Then he wiped my chest and prayed for my steadfastness, then I left the Messenger of God ﷺ, and the Messenger of God ﷺ entered his house. Ibn Isḥāq said: And God knows best which of these it was. [Mention of ʿUmar's Strength in Islam and His Fortitude] Ibn Isḥāq said: Nāfiʿ, the mawlā of ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar, narrated to me, from Ibn ʿUmar, who said: When my father ʿUmar converted, he said: Which of Quraysh is the best transmitter of news? He was told: Jamīl b. Maʿmar al-Jumaḥī. He said: So he went to him early. ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar said: I went early, following his trail and observing what he would do, while I was a boy who understood everything I saw, until he came to him and said: Do you know, O Jamīl, that I have converted and entered the religion of Muḥammad? He said: By God, he did not answer him until he rose dragging his cloak, and ʿUmar followed him, and I followed my father, until when he stood at the gate of the mosque, he cried at the top of his voice: O assembly of Quraysh—while they were in their gatherings around the Kaʿbah—behold, ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb has turned Ṣābiʾ. He said: And ʿUmar said behind him: He lies, but I have converted and borne witness that there is no god but God and that Muḥammad is His servant and Messenger. And they rose against him, and he kept fighting them and they fighting him until the sun stood over their heads. He said: He became exhausted and sat down, and they stood over his head while he said: Do what you will, for I swear by God that if we were three hundred men, we would have left it to you, or you would have left it to us. He said: While they were in that state, behold, an old man of Quraysh came, wearing a striped Yemeni cloak and an embroidered shirt, until he stood over them and said: What is the matter with you? They said: ʿUmar has turned Ṣābiʾ. He said: And so what? A man has chosen something for himself, what do you want? Do you think Banū ʿAdī b. Kaʿb will hand over their companion to you like this? Leave the man alone. He said: By God, it was as if they were a garment that was removed from him. He said: I said to my father after he had migrated to Madinah: O father, who was the man who restrained the people from you in Makkah on the day I embraced Islam, while they were fighting you? He said: That, my son, was al-ʿĀṣ b. Wāʾil al-Sahmī. Ibn Hishām said: Some people of knowledge related to me that he said: O father, who was the man who restrained the people from you in Makkah on the day you embraced Islam, while they were fighting you? May Allah reward him well. He said: My son, that was al-ʿĀṣ b. Wāʾil; may Allah not reward him well. Ibn Isḥāq said: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. al-Ḥārith related to me from some of the family of ʿUmar, or some of his people, that ʿUmar said: When I embraced Islam that night, I remembered which of the people of Makkah was the most hostile to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, so that I might go to him and tell him that I had embraced Islam. He said: I said: Abū Jahl — and ʿUmar was married to Ḥantamah bt. Hishām b. al-Mughīrah — he said: So I set out when morning came until I knocked on his door. He said: Abū Jahl came out to me and said: Welcome and greetings to my sister's son; what has brought you? He said: I have come to inform you that I have believed in Allah and in His Messenger Muḥammad, and I have accepted as true what he has brought. He said: Then he slammed the door in my face and said: May Allah make you ugly, and ugly what you have brought.

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