Tarikh (al-Tabari) 3892
Then the Year 325 AH Began
ذِكْرُ الْفِتْنَةِ بَيْنَ أَهْلِ صِقِلِّيَةَ وَأُمَرَائِهِمْ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ خَالَفَ أَهْلُ جُرْجَنْتَ، وَهِيَ مِنْ بِلَادِ صِقِلِّيَةَ عَلَى أَمِيرِهِمْ سَالِمِ بْنِ رَاشِدٍ، وَكَانَ اسْتَعْمَلَهُ عَلَيْهِمُ الْقَائِمُ الْعَلَوِيُّ، صَاحِبُ إِفْرِيقِيَّةَ، وَكَانَ سَيِّئَ السِّيرَةِ فِي النَّاسِ، فَأَخْرَجُوا عَامِلَهُ عَلَيْهِمْ، فَسَيَّرَ إِلَيْهِمْ سَالِمٌ جَيْشًا كَثِيرًا مِنْ أَهْلِ صِقِلِّيَةَ وَإِفْرِيقِيَّةَ، فَاقْتَتَلُوا أَشَدَّ قِتَالٍ، فَهَزَمَهُمْ أَهْلُ جُرْجَنْتَ، وَتَبِعَهُمْ فَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِمْ سَالِمٌ وَلَقِيَهُمْ، وَاشْتَدَّ الْقِتَالُ بَيْنَهُمْ وَعَظُمَ الْخَطْبُ، فَانْهَزَمَ أَهْلُ جُرْجَنْتَ فِي شَعْبَانَ. فَلَمَّا رَأَى أَهْلُ الْمَدِينَةِ خِلَافَ أَهْلِ جُرْجَنْتَ، خَرَجُوا أَيْضًا عَلَى سَالِمٍ وَخَالَفُوهُ، وَعَظُمَ شَغَبُهُمْ عَلَيْهِ، وَقَاتَلُوهُ فِي ذِي الْقِعْدَةِ مِنْ هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ، فَهَزَمَهُمْ وَحَصَرَهُمْ فِي الْمَدِينَةِ، فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى الْقَائِمِ بِالْمَهْدِيَّةِ يُعَرِّفُهُ أَنَّ أَهْلَ صِقِلِّيَةَ قَدْ خَرَجُوا عَنْ طَاعَتِهِ، وَخَالَفُوا عَلَيْهِ، وَيَسْتَمِدُّهُ، فَأَمَدَّهُ الْقَائِمُ بِجَيْشٍ، وَاسْتَعْمَلَ عَلَيْهِمْ خَلِيلَ بْنَ إِسْحَاقَ، فَسَارُوا حَتَّى وَصَلُوا إِلَى صِقِلِّيَةَ، فَرَأَى خَلِيلٌ مِنْ طَاعَةِ أَهْلِهَا مَا سَرَّهُ، وَشَكَوْا إِلَيْهِ مِنْ ظُلْمِ سَالِمٍ وَجَوْرِهِ، وَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِ النِّسَاءُ وَالصِّبْيَانُ يَبْكُونَ وَيَشْكُونَ، فَرَقَّ النَّاسُ لَهُمْ، وَبَكَوْا لِبُكَائِهِمْ. وَجَاءَ أَهْلُ الْبِلَادِ إِلَى خَلِيلٍ وَأَهْلِ جُرْجَنْتَ، فَلَمَّا وَصَلُوا، اجْتَمَعَ بِهِمْ سَالِمٌ وَأَعْلَمَهُمْ أَنَّ الْقَائِمَ قَدْ أَرْسَلَ خَلِيلًا لِيَنْتَقِمَ مِنْهُمْ بِمَنْ قَتَلُوا مِنْ عَسْكَرِهِ، فَعَاوَدُوا الْخِلَافَ، فَشَرَعَ خَلِيلٌ فِي بِنَاءِ مَدِينَةٍ عَلَى مَرْسَى الْمَدِينَةِ وَحَصَّنَهَا، وَنَقَضَ كَثِيرًا مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ، وَأَخَذَ أَبْوَابَهَا، وَسَمَّاهَا الْخَالِصَةَ. وَنَالَ النَّاسُ شِدَّةً فِي بِنَاءِ الْمَدِينَةِ، فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ أَهْلَ جُرْجَنْتَ، فَخَافُوا وَتَحَقَّقَ عِنْدَهُمْ مَا قَالَ لَهُمْ سَالِمٌ، وَحَصَّنُوا مَدِينَتَهُمْ وَاسْتَعَدُّوا لِلْحَرْبِ، فَسَارَ إِلَيْهِمْ خَلِيلٌ فِي جُمَادَى الْأُولَى سَنَةَ سِتٍّ وَعِشْرِينَ وَثَلَاثِمِائَةٍ وَحَصَرَهُمْ، فَخَرَجُوا إِلَيْهِ وَالْتَحَمَ الْقِتَالُ، وَاشْتَدَّ الْأَمْرُ، وَبَقِيَ ( مُحَاصِرًا لَهُمْ ) ثَمَانِيَةَ أَشْهُرٍ لَا يَخْلُو يَوْمٌ مِنْ قِتَالٍ، وَجَاءَ الشِّتَاءُ فَرَحَلَ عَنْهُمْ فِي ذِي الْحِجَّةِ إِلَى الْخَالِصَةِ فَنَزَلَهَا. وَلَمَّا دَخَلَتْ سَنَةُ سَبْعٍ وَعِشْرِينَ [ وَثَلَاثِمِائَةٍ ]، خَالَفَ عَلَى خَلِيلٍ جَمِيعُ الْقِلَاعِ وَأَهْلُ مَازَرَ، كُلُّ ذَلِكَ بِسَعْيِ أَهْلِ جُرْجَنْتَ، وَبَثُّوا سَرَايَاهُمْ، وَاسْتَفْحَلَ أَمْرُهُمْ، وَكَاتَبُوا مَلِكَ الْقُسْطَنْطِينِيَّةِ يَسْتَنْجِدُونَهُ، فَأَمَدَّهُمْ بِالْمَرَاكِبِ فِيهَا الرِّجَالُ وَالطَّعَامُ، فَكَتَبَ خَلِيلٌ إِلَى الْقَائِمِ يَسْتَنْجِدُهُ، فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ جَيْشًا كَثِيرًا، فَخَرَجَ خَلِيلٌ بِمَنْ مَعَهُ مِنْ أَهْلِ صِقِلِّيَةَ فَحَصَرُوا قَلْعَةَ ( أَبِي ثَوْرٍ، فَمَلَكُوهَا وَكَذَلِكَ أَيْضًا الْبَلُّوطُ مَلَكُوهَا، وَحَصَرُوا قَلْعَةَ أَبَلَاطَنْوَا )، وَأَقَامُوا عَلَيْهَا حَتَّى انْقَضَتْ سَنَةُ سَبْعٍ وَعِشْرِينَ وَثَلَاثِمِائَةٍ. فَلَمَّا دَخَلَتْ سَنَةُ ثَمَانٍ وَعِشْرِينَ، رَحَلَ خَلِيلٌ عَنْ أَبَلَاطَنْوَا، وَحَصَرَ جُرْجَنْتَ وَأَطَالَ الْحِصَارَ، ثُمَّ رَحَلَ عَنْهَا وَتَرَكَ عَلَيْهَا عَسْكَرًا يُحَاصِرُهَا، مُقَدِّمُهُمْ أَبُو خَلَفِ بْنُ هَارُونَ، فَدَامَ الْحِصَارُ إِلَى سَنَةِ تِسْعٍ وَعِشْرِينَ وَثَلَاثِمِائَةٍ، فَسَارَ كَثِيرٌ مِنْ أَهْلِهَا إِلَى بِلَادِ الرُّومِ، وَطَلَبَ الْبَاقُونَ الْأَمَانَ، فَأَمَّنَهُمْ عَلَى أَنْ يَنْزِلُوا مِنَ الْقَلْعَةِ، فَلَمَّا نَزَلُوا غَدَرَ بِهِمْ وَحَمَلَهُمْ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ. فَلَمَّا رَأَى أَهْلُ سَائِرِ الْقِلَاعِ ذَلِكَ أَطَاعُوا، فَلَمَّا عَادَتِ الْبِلَادُ الْإِسْلَامِيَّةُ إِلَى طَاعَتِهِ، رَحَلَ عَنْ إِفْرِيقِيَّةَ فِي ذِي الْحِجَّةِ سَنَةَ تِسْعٍ وَعِشْرِينَ وَثَلَاثِمِائَةٍ، وَأَخَذَ مَعَهُ وُجُوهَ أَهْلِ جُرْجَنْتَ، وَجَعَلَهُمْ فِي مَرْكِبٍ، وَأَمَرَ بِنَقْبِهِ وَهُوَ فِي لُجَّةِ الْبَحْرُ فَغَرِقُوا.
Translation
✧ Mention of the dissension between the people of Sicily and their rulers In this year, the people of Girgenti, which is among the lands of Sicily, revolted against their ruler Sālim b. Rāshid, whom al-Qāʾim al-ʿAlawī, the lord of Ifrīqiya, had appointed over them. He was of bad conduct toward the people, so they expelled his agent from among them. Sālim sent against them a large army from the people of Sicily and Ifrīqiya, and they fought a most severe battle, but the people of Girgenti defeated them and pursued them. Then Sālim went out to meet them, and the fighting between them intensified and the matter became grave. The people of Girgenti were defeated in Shaʿbān. When the people of the city saw the revolt of the people of Girgenti, they too rose against Sālim and opposed him. Their tumult against him grew great, and they fought him in Dhū al-Qaʿdah of this year. He defeated them and besieged them in the city. He sent to al-Qāʾim at al-Mahdīyah, informing him that the people of Sicily had departed from obedience to him and revolted against him, and requesting reinforcements. Al-Qāʾim reinforced him with an army and appointed Khalīl b. Isḥāq over them. They marched until they reached Sicily. Khalīl saw from the obedience of its people what pleased him, and they complained to him of Sālim's oppression and injustice. Women and children came out to him weeping and complaining, so people felt compassion for them and wept at their weeping. The people of the countryside and the people of Girgenti came to Khalīl. When they arrived, Sālim met with them and informed them that al-Qāʾim had sent Khalīl to take vengeance upon them for those of his army they had killed. So they returned to opposition. Khalīl then began building a city at the harbor of the city and fortified it. He demolished much of the city and took its gates, and named it al-Khāliṣah. The people suffered hardship in building the city. This reached the people of Girgenti, so they became afraid and were certain of what Sālim had told them. They fortified their city and prepared for war. Khalīl marched against them in Jumādā al-Ūlā of the year 326 and besieged them. They came out against him and battle was joined, and the matter became severe. He remained besieging them for eight months, not a day passing without fighting. Winter came, and he departed from them in Dhū al-Ḥijjah to al-Khāliṣah and settled there. When the year 327 [and three hundred] entered, all the fortresses and the people of Mazara revolted against Khalīl, all of this through the efforts of the people of Girgenti. They sent out their raiding parties, and their affair became formidable. They wrote to the king of Constantinople seeking his aid, and he reinforced them with ships carrying men and food. Khalīl wrote to al-Qāʾim seeking his aid, and he sent him a large army. Khalīl went out with those with him from the people of Sicily and besieged the fortress of Abū Thawr and captured it, and likewise also al-Ballūṭ they captured, and they besieged the fortress of Abalāṭanwā, remaining before it until the end of the year 327. When the year 328 entered, Khalīl departed from Abalāṭanwā and besieged Girgenti, prolonging the siege. Then he departed from it, leaving an army to besiege it, their commander being Abū Khalaf b. Hārūn. The siege continued until the year 329. Many of its people went to the lands of the Byzantines, and the rest sought safety. He granted them safety on condition that they descend from the fortress. When they descended, he betrayed them and carried them to the city. When the people of the other fortresses saw that, they submitted. When the Islamic lands returned to obedience to him, he departed from Ifrīqiya in Dhū al-Ḥijjah of the year 329. He took with him the notables of the people of Girgenti and placed them in a ship, and he ordered it to be scuttled while it was in the midst of the sea, and they drowned.
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