Tarikh (al-Tabari) 3649
The conquest of Syria and Egypt by al-Muktafi and the end of the Tulunid dynasty
اسْتِيلَاءِ الْمُكْتَفِي عَلَى الشَّامِ، وَمِصْرَ وَانْقِرَاضِ مُلْكِ الطُّولُونِيَّةِ وَفِي الْمُحَرَّمِ مِنْ سَنَةُ اثْنَتَيْنِ وَتِسْعِينَ وَمِائَتَيْنِ سَارَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ إِلَى حُدُودِ مِصْرَ لِحَرْبِ هَارُونَ بْنِ خُمَارَوَيْهِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ طُولُونَ. وَسَبَبُ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ سُلَيْمَانَ لَمَّا تَخَلَّفَ عَنِ الْمُكْتَفِي، وَعَادَ عَنْ مُحَارَبَةِ الْقَرَامِطَةِ، وَاسْتَقْصَى مُحَمَّدٌ فِي طَلَبِهِمْ، فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ مَا أَرَادَ عَزَمَ عَلَى الْعَوْدِ إِلَى الْعِرَاقِ، فَأَتَاهُ كِتَابُ بَدْرٍ الْحَمَّامِيِّ غُلَامِ ابْنِ طُولُونَ، وَكِتَابُ فَائِقٍ، وَهُمَا بِدِمَشْقَ، يَدْعُوَانِهِ إِلَى قَصْدِ الْبِلَادِ بِالْعَسَاكِرِ لِيُسَاعِدَاهُ عَلَى أَخْذِهَا، فَلَمَّا عَادَ إِلَى بَغْدَاذَ أَنْهَى ذَلِكَ إِلَى الْمُكْتَفِي، فَأَمَرَهُ بِالْعَوْدِ، وَسَيَّرَ مَعَهُ الْجُنُودَ، وَالْأَمْوَالَ. وَوَجَّهَ الْمُكْتَفِي دُمْيَانَةَ غُلَامَ يَازْمَانَ، وَأَمَرَهُ بِرُكُوبِ الْبَحْرِ إِلَى مِصْرَ، وَدُخُولِ النِّيلِ، وَقَطْعِ الْمَوَادِّ عَنْ مِصْرَ، فَفَعَلَ، وَضَيَّقَ عَلَيْهِمْ. وَزَحَفَ إِلَيْهِمْ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ فِي الْجُيُوشِ، فِي الْبَرِّ، حَتَّى دَنَا مِنْ مِصْرَ، وَكَاتَبَ مَنْ بِهَا مِنَ الْقُوَّادِ ; وَكَانَ أَوَّلَ مَنْ خَرَجَ إِلَيْهِ بَدْرٌ الْحَمَّامِيُّ، وَكَانَ رَئِيسَهُمْ، فَكَسَرَهُمْ ذَلِكَ، وَتَتَابَعَ الْمُسْتَأْمِنَةُ مِنْ قُوَّادِ الْمِصْرِيِّينَ، فَلَمَّا رَأَى ذَلِكَ هَارُونُ خَرَجَ فِيمَنْ مَعَهُ لِقِتَالِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ، فَكَانَتْ بَيْنَهُمْ وَقَعَاتٌ، ثُمَّ وَقَعَ بَيْنَ أَصْحَابِ هَارُونَ فِي بَعْضِ الْأَيَّامِ عَصَبِيَّةٌ، فَاقْتَتَلُوا، فَخَرَجَ هَارُونُ يُسَكِّنُهُمْ، فَرَمَاهُ بَعْضُ الْمَغَارِبَةِ بِمِزْرَاقٍ مَعَهُ فَقَتَلَهُ، فَلَمَّا قُتِلَ قَامَ عَمُّهُ شَيْبَانُ بِالْأَمْرِ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ، وَبَذَلَ الْمَالَ لِلْجُنْدِ، فَأَطْلَقُوهُ وَقَاتَلُوا مَعَهُ، فَأَتَتْهُمْ كُتُبُ بَدْرٍ يَدْعُوهُمْ إِلَى الْأَمَانِ، فَأَجَابُوهُ إِلَى ذَلِكَ. فَلَمَّا عَلِمَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ الْخَبَرَ سَارَ إِلَى مِصْرَ، فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِ شَيْبَانُ يَطْلُبُ الْأَمَانَ، فَأَجَابَهُ، فَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِ لَيْلًا، لَمْ يَعْلَمْ بِهِ أَحَدٌ مِنَ الْجُنْدِ، فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحُوا قَصَدُوا دَارَهُ، وَلَمْ يَجِدُوهُ، فَبَقُوا حَيَارَى، لَمَّا وَصَلَ مُحَمَّدٌ مِصْرَ دَخَلَهَا، وَاسْتَوْلَى عَلَى دُورِ آلِ طُولُونَ، وَأَمْوَالِهِمْ، وَأَخَذَهُمْ جَمِيعًا، وَهُمْ بِضْعَةَ عَشَرَ رَجُلًا، فَقَيَّدَهُمْ، وَحَبَسَهُمْ، وَاسْتَقْصَى أَمْوَالَهُمْ، ( وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ فِي صَفَرٍ )، وَكَتَبَ بِالْفَتْحِ إِلَى الْمُكْتَفِي، فَأَمَرَ بِإِشْخَاصِ آلِ طُولُونَ وَأَسْبَابِهِمْ مِنْ مِصْرَ وَالشَّامِ إِلَى بَغْدَاذَ، لَا يَتْرُكُ مِنْهُمْ أَحَدًا، فَفَعَلَ ذَلِكَ، وَعَادَ إِلَى بَغْدَاذَ، وَوَلَّى مَعُونَةَ مِصْرَ عِيسَى النُّوشَرِيَّ. وَانْقَضَتْ دَوْلَةُ الطُّولُونِيَّةِ عَنِ الدِّيَارِ الْمِصْرِيَّةِ ثُمَّ ظَهَرَ بِمِصْرَ إِنْسَانٌ يُعْرَفُ بِالْخَلَنْجِيِّ، وَهُوَ مِنْ قُوَّادِهِمْ، وَكَانَ تَخَلَّفَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ، فَاسْتَمَالَ جَمَاعَةً، وَخَالَفَ عَلَى السُّلْطَانِ، وَكَثُرَ جَمْعُهُ، وَعَجَزَ النُّوشَرِيُّ ( عَنْهُ، فَسَارَ ) إِلَى الْإِسْكَنْدَرِيَّةِ، وَدَخَلَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ الْخَلَنْجِيُّ مِصْرَ، وَكَتَبَ النُّوشَرِيُّ إِلَى الْمُكْتَفِي بِالْخَبَرِ، فَسَيَّرَ إِلَيْهِ الْجُنُودَ مَعَ فَاتَكٍ مَوْلَى الْمُعْتَضِدِ، وَبَدْرٍ الْحَمَّامِيِّ، فَسَارُوا فِي شَوَّالٍ نَحْوَ مِصْرَ.
Translation
✧ The seizure of Syria and Egypt by al-Muktafī and the extinction of the Ṭūlūnid dominion In Muḥarram of the year two hundred and ninety-two, Muḥammad b. Sulaymān marched to the borders of Egypt to fight Hārūn b. Khumārawayh b. Aḥmad b. Ṭūlūn. The reason for this was that when Muḥammad b. Sulaymān stayed behind from al-Muktafī and turned back from fighting the Qarāmiṭa, and Muḥammad delved deeply into seeking them, once he had achieved what he wanted he resolved to return to Iraq. Then the letter of Badr al-Ḥammāmī, the ghulām of Ibn Ṭūlūn, and the letter of Fāʾiq—both of them being in Damascus—came to him, summoning him to advance against the lands with the armies so that they might assist him in taking them. When he returned to Baghdādh, he reported that to al-Muktafī, who ordered him to go back and dispatched troops and funds with him. Al-Muktafī sent Dumyāna, the ghulām of Yāzamān, and ordered him to sail by sea to Egypt, enter the Nile, and cut off supplies from Egypt. He did so and tightened the noose upon them. Muḥammad b. Sulaymān advanced against them with the armies on land until he drew near Egypt, and he corresponded with the commanders who were there. The first to come out to him was Badr al-Ḥammāmī, who was their chief, and that broke them. Those seeking quarter from among the Egyptian commanders came in succession. When Hārūn saw that, he went out with those with him to fight Muḥammad b. Sulaymān. There were engagements between them. Then one day factional partisanship broke out among Hārūn's companions, and they fell to fighting one another. Hārūn went out to calm them, and one of the Maghāriba cast a javelin he had at him and killed him. When he was killed, his paternal uncle Shaybān took charge of the affair after him and distributed money to the troops. They set him free and fought alongside him. Then Badr's letters came to them summoning them to quarter, and they responded to that. When Muḥammad b. Sulaymān learned the news, he marched to Egypt. Shaybān sent to him requesting quarter, and he granted it. Shaybān went out to him by night, without any of the troops knowing. When morning came, they repaired to his house and did not find him, and they remained bewildered. When Muḥammad reached Egypt, he entered it, took possession of the houses of the family of Ṭūlūn and their wealth, and seized all of them—they were some ten-odd men—and put them in fetters and imprisoned them. He delved deeply into their wealth, (and that was in Ṣafar), and wrote of the conquest to al-Muktafī. Al-Muktafī ordered that the family of Ṭūlūn and their dependents be brought from Egypt and Syria to Baghdādh, leaving not one of them behind. He did that and returned to Baghdādh, and appointed ʿĪsā al-Nūsharī as governor of Maʿūnat Miṣr. The Ṭūlūnid dynasty came to an end in the Egyptian lands. Then there appeared in Egypt a man known as al-Khalanjī, who was one of their commanders and had stayed behind from Muḥammad b. Sulaymān. He won over a group, rebelled against the sultan, and his following grew large. Al-Nūsharī was unable (to cope with him, so he marched) to Alexandria. Ibrāhīm al-Khalanjī entered Egypt. Al-Nūsharī wrote to al-Muktafī with the news, and he dispatched troops to him with Fātik, the mawlā of al-Muʿtaḍid, and Badr al-Ḥammāmī. They marched in Shawwāl toward Egypt.
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