Tarikh (al-Tabari) 3521
The Year 268 AH
أَخْبَارِ رَافِعِ بْنِ هَرْثَمَةَ لَمَّا قُتِلَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْخُجُسْتَانِيُّ، وَكَانَ قَتْلُهُ هَذِهِ السَّنَةَ، اتَّفَقَ أَصْحَابُهُ عَلَى رَافِعِ بْنِ هَرْثَمَةَ فَوَلَّوْهُ أَمْرَهُمْ. وَكَانَ رَافِعٌ هَذَا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ طَاهِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ طَاهِرٍ، فَلَمَّا اسْتَوْلَى يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ اللَّيْثِ عَلَى نَيْسَابُورَ، وَأَزَالَ الطَّاهِرِيَّةَ، صَارَ رَافِعٌ فِي جُمْلَتِهِ، فَلَمَّا عَادَ يَعْقُوبُ إِلَى سِجِسْتَانَ صَحِبَهُ رَافِعٌ، وَكَانَ طَوِيلَ اللِّحْيَةِ، كَرِيهَ الْوَجْهِ، قَلِيلَ الطَّلَاقَةِ، فَدَخَلَ يَوْمًا عَلَى يَعْقُوبَ، فَلَمَّا خَرَجَ مِنْ عِنْدِهِ قَالَ: أَنَا لَا أَمِيلُ إِلَى هَذَا الرَّجُلِ، فَلْيَلْحَقْ بِمَا شَاءَ مِنَ الْبِلَادِ، فَقِيلَ لَهُ ذَلِكَ، فَفَارَقَهُ وَعَادَ إِلَى مَنْزِلِهِ بِتَامِينَ، وَهِيَ مِنْ بَاذَغِيسَ، وَأَقَامَ بِهِ إِلَى أَنِ اسْتَقْدَمَهُ الْخُجُسْتَانِيُّ، وَجَعَلَهُ صَاحِبَ جَيْشِهِ. فَلَمَّا قُتِلَ الْخُجُسْتَانِيُّ اجْتَمَعَ الْجَيْشُ عَلَيْهِ، وَهُوَ بِهَرَاةَ، فَأَمَّرُوهُ كَمَا ذَكَرْنَا. وَسَارَ رَافِعٌ مِنْ هَرَاةَ إِلَى نَيْسَابُورَ، وَكَانَ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ بْنِ شَرْكُبَ قَدْ وَرَدَهَا مِنْ جُرْجَانَ، فَحَصَرَهُ فِيهَا رَافِعٌ وَقَطَعَ الْمِيرَةَ عَنْهُ وَعَنْ نَيْسَابُورَ، ( فَاشْتَدَّ الْغَلَاءُ بِهَا، فَفَارَقَهَا أَبُو طَلْحَةَ، وَدَخَلَهَا رَافِعٌ فَأَقَامَ بِهَا )، وَذَلِكَ سَنَةَ تِسْعٍ وَسِتِّينَ وَمِائَتَيْنِ، فَسَارَ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ إِلَى مَرْوَ، وَوَلَّى مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ مُهْتَدِي هَرَاةَ، وَخُطِبَ لِمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ طَاهِرٍ بِمَرْوَ وَهَرَاةَ، فَقَصَدَهُ عَمْرُو بْنُ اللَّيْثِ، فَحَارَبَهُ، فَهَزَمَهُ، وَاسْتَخْلَفَ عَمْرٌو بِمَرْوَ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ سَهْلِ بْنِ هَاشِمٍ، وَعَادَ عَنْهَا، وَخَرَجَ شَرْكُبُ إِلَى بِيكَنْدَ، وَاسْتَعَانَ بِإِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ السَّامَانِيِّ، فَأَمَدَّهُ بِعَسْكَرِهِ، فَعَادَ إِلَى مَرْوَ، فَأَخْرَجَ عَنْهَا مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ سَهْلٍ، وَأَغَارَ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْبَلَدِ، وَخُطِبَ لِعَمْرِو بْنِ اللَّيْثِ، وَذَلِكَ فِي شَعْبَانَ سَنَةَ إِحْدَى وَسَبْعِينَ [ وَمِائَتَيْنِ ]. وَقَلَّدَ الْمُوَفَّقُ تِلْكَ السَّنَةَ أَعْمَالَ خُرَاسَانَ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ طَاهِرٍ، وَكَانَ بِبَغْدَاذَ فَاسْتَخْلَفَ مُحَمَّدٌ عَلَى أَعْمَالِهِ رَافِعَ بْنَ هَرْثَمَةَ، مَا خَلَا مَا وَرَاءَ النَّهْرِ فَإِنَّهُ أَقَرَّ عَلَيْهِ نَصْرَ بْنَ أَحْمَدَ، وَوَرَدَتْ كُتُبُ الْمُوَفَّقِ إِلَى خُرَاسَانَ بِذَلِكَ، وَبِعَزْلِ عَمْرِو بْنِ اللَّيْثِ وَلَعْنِهِ، فَسَارَ رَافِعٌ إِلَى هَرَاةَ وَبِهَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُهْتَدِي خَلِيفَةُ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ شَرْكُبَ، فَقَتَلَهُ يُوسُفُ بْنُ مَعْبَدٍ، وَأَقَامَ بِهَرَاةَ، فَلَمَّا وَافَاهُ رَافِعٌ اسْتَأْمَنَ إِلَيْهِ يُوسُفُ فَأَمَّنَهُ وَعَفَا عَنْهُ، فَاسْتَعْمَلَ عَلَى هَرَاةَ مَهْدِيَّ بْنَ مُحْسِنٍ، فَاسْتَمَدَّ رَافِعُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنَ أَحْمَدَ، فَسَارَ إِلَيْهِ بِنَفْسِهِ فِي أَرْبَعَةِ آلَافِ فَارِسٍ، وَاسْتَقْدَمَ رَافِعٌ أَيْضًا عَلِيَّ بْنَ الْحُسَيْنِ الْمَرْوَرُّوذِيَّ، فَقَدِمَ عَلَيْهِ، فَسَارُوا بِأَجْمَعِهِمْ إِلَى شَرْكُبَ، وَهُوَ بِمَرْوَ، فَحَارَبُوهُ فَهَزَمُوهُ، وَعَادَ إِسْمَاعِيلُ ( إِلَى مَحَازِلَ ) ( ؟ ) وَذَلِكَ سَنَةَ اثْنَتَيْنِ وَسَبْعِينَ وَمِائَتَيْنِ، فَسَارَ شَرْكُبُ إِلَى هَرَاةَ، فَطَابَقَهُ مَهْدِيٌّ وَخَالَفَ رَافِعًا، فَقَصَدَهُمَا رَافِعٌ فَهَزَمَهُمَا. وَأَمَّا شَرْكُبُ فَإِنَّهُ لَحِقَ بِعَمْرِو بْنِ اللَّيْثِ، وَأَمَّا مَهْدِيٌّ فَإِنَّهُ اخْتَفَى فِي سَرَبٍ، فَدُلَّ عَلَيْهِ رَافِعٌ، فَأَخَذَهُ، وَقَالَ لَهُ: تَبًّا لَكَ يَا قَلِيلَ الْوَفَاءِ ! ثُمَّ عَفَا عَنْهُ وَخَلَّى سَبِيلَهُ، وَسَارَ رَافِعٌ إِلَى خُوَارِزْمَ سَنَةَ اثْنَتَيْنِ وَسَبْعِينَ [ وَمِائَتَيْنِ ]، فَجَبَى أَمْوَالَهَا، وَرَجَعَ إِلَى نَيْسَابُورَ.
Translation
✧ Reports of Rāfiʿ b. Harthama When Aḥmad b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Khujustānī was killed, his killing occurring this year, his companions agreed upon Rāfiʿ b. Harthama and appointed him over their affairs. This Rāfiʿ was one of the companions of Muḥammad b. Ṭāhir b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Ṭāhir. When Yaʿqūb b. al-Layth seized Naysābūr and removed the Ṭāhirids, Rāfiʿ came into his following. When Yaʿqūb returned to Sijistān, Rāfiʿ accompanied him. He was long-bearded, ugly-faced, and humourless. One day he entered upon Yaʿqūb, and when he left his presence, Yaʿqūb said: “I am not inclined towards this man; let him join whichever lands he wishes.” This was told to him, so he parted from him and returned to his home in Tāmīn, which is in Bādhaghīs, and remained there until al-Khujustānī summoned him and made him commander of his army. When al-Khujustānī was killed, the army gathered around him while he was in Herat, and they appointed him as we have mentioned. Rāfiʿ marched from Herat to Naysābūr. Abū Ṭalḥa b. Sharkub had already arrived there from Jurjān. Rāfiʿ besieged him in it and cut off supplies from him and from Naysābūr. Prices rose severely there, so Abū Ṭalḥa left it and Rāfiʿ entered it and stayed there. That was in the year 269 AH. Abū Ṭalḥa then went to Marw, appointed Muḥammad b. Muhtadī over Herat, and the khuṭba was made for Muḥammad b. Ṭāhir in Marw and Herat. ʿAmr b. al-Layth then marched against him and fought him and defeated him. ʿAmr appointed Muḥammad b. Sahl b. Hāshim as his deputy in Marw and departed from it. Sharkub went out to Bīkand and sought help from Ismāʿīl b. Aḥmad al-Sāmānī, who reinforced him with his army. He returned to Marw and expelled Muḥammad b. Sahl from it, raided the people of the town, and the khuṭba was made for ʿAmr b. al-Layth. That was in Shaʿbān of the year 271 AH. In that year al-Muwaffaq invested Muḥammad b. Ṭāhir with the governorship of Khurāsān. He was in Baghdādh, so Muḥammad appointed Rāfiʿ b. Harthama as his deputy over his provinces, except for what was beyond the river, over which he confirmed Naṣr b. Aḥmad. Al-Muwaffaq's letters arrived in Khurāsān to that effect, along with the dismissal and cursing of ʿAmr b. al-Layth. Rāfiʿ marched to Herat, where Muḥammad b. Muhtadī, the deputy of Abū Ṭalḥa Sharkub, was. Yūsuf b. Maʿbad killed him and stayed in Herat. When Rāfiʿ arrived, Yūsuf sought amnesty from him, and he granted it and pardoned him. He then appointed Mahdī b. Muḥsin over Herat. Rāfiʿ sought reinforcements from Ismāʿīl b. Aḥmad, who came to him in person with four thousand horsemen. Rāfiʿ also summoned ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn al-Marwarūdhī, who came to him. They all marched together against Sharkub, who was in Marw, fought him and defeated him. Ismāʿīl returned to Maḥāzil (?). That was in the year 272 AH. Sharkub then went to Herat, where Mahdī colluded with him and rebelled against Rāfiʿ. Rāfiʿ marched against the two of them and defeated them. As for Sharkub, he joined ʿAmr b. al-Layth. As for Mahdī, he hid in an underground passage, but Rāfiʿ was guided to him and seized him. He said to him: “Perish you, O man of little loyalty!” Then he pardoned him and released him. Rāfiʿ then marched to Khwārizm in the year 272 AH, collected its taxes, and returned to Naysābūr.
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