Tarikh (al-Tabari) 35
Creation of the jinn and the story of Satan
مُلَخَّصُ خَلْقِ الْجَانِّ وَقِصَّةُ الشَّيْطَانِ: خَلَقَ اللَّهُ سُبْحَانَهُ الْجِنَّ قَبْلَ آدَمَ مِنْ مَارِجٍ مِنْ نَارٍ أَيْ مِنْ لَهَبِ النَّارِ وَأَسْكَنَهُمُ الْأَرْضَ فَأَفْسَدُوا فِيهَا فَطُرِدُوا مِنْهَا، وَالْجِنُّ مِنْهُمُ الْمُؤْمِنُ وَالْكَافِرُ وَمِنْهُمُ الْجَانُّ عَلَى مَا قِيلَ وَهُمْ مَسِيخُ الْجِنِّ وَهُمُ الشَّيَاطِينُ، بَلْ وَمِنْهُمُ السُّنَّةُ وَالْمُبْتَدَعَةُ، وَيَأْكُلُونَ وَيَشْرَبُونَ وَيَتَنَاسَلُونَ. كَمَا فِي هَيْئَتِهِمْ أَصْنَافٌ: صِنْفٌ حَيَّاتٌ وَعَقَارِبُ وَخَشَاشُ الْأَرْضِ، وَصِنْفٌ كَالرِّيحِ فِي الْهَوَاءِ، وَصِنْفٌ عَلَيْهِمُ الْحِسَابُ وَالْعِقَابُ. وَقَدْ كَانُوا قَبْلَ مَبْعَثِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ يَسْتَرِقُونَ السَّمْعَ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ ثُمَّ أُرْسِلَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ الشُّهُبُ بِمَبْعَثِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ. وَقَدِ اخْتَلَفَ الْعُلَمَاءُ هَلْ صَالِحُ الْجِنِّ وَمُؤْمِنُهُمْ يَدْخُلُونَ الْجَنَّةَ وَقَدْ رَجَّحَ ابْنُ كَثِيرٍ دُخُولَهُمُ الْجَنَّةَ وَسَرَدَ مَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى صِحَّةِ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْكِتَابِ وَالسُّنَّةِ. وَقَدِ اخْتَلَفَ الْعُلَمَاءُ أَيْضًا هَلْ إِبْلِيسُ مِنَ الْجِنِّ أَمْ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ وَالَّذِي يُهِمُّ أَنَّهُ كَانَ صَالِحًا حَسَنَ السِّيرَةِ فِي الظَّاهِرِ إِلَّا أَنَّ اللَّهَ سُبْحَانَهُ لَمَّا اطَّلَعَ عَلَى خَبِيئَةِ إِبْلِيسَ وَكِبْرِهِ وَأَمَرَهُ بِالسُّجُودِ لِآدَمَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ فَأَبَى وَاسْتَكْبَرَ لَعَنَهُ اللَّهُ وَطَرَدَهُ مِنْ رَحْمَتِهِ الَّتِي وَسِعَتْ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ، وَأُنْظِرَ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْبَعْثِ وَجَعَلَهُ عَدُوًّا لِآدَمَ وَذُرِّيَّتِهِ، وَقَدْ سَلَّطَ إِبْلِيسُ ذُرِّيَّتَهُ عَلَى بَنِي آدَمَ فَاتَّخَذَ عَرْشًا لَهُ عَلَى الْمَاءِ، وَيَبُثُّ سَرَايَاهُ يَسْعَوْنَ فِي اللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ فِي إِضْلَالِ بَنِي آدَمَ، وَاللَّهُ يَحْفَظُهُمْ وَيَكْلَأُهُمْ إِلَّا مَنِ اسْتَجَابَ مِنْهُمْ لَهُ وَكَانَ مِنَ الْغَاوِينَ. وَعَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: مَا مِنْكُمْ مِنْ أَحَدٍ إِلَّا وَقَدْ وُكِّلَ بِهِ قَرِينُهُ مِنَ الْجِنِّ، وَقَرِينُهُ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ. قَالُوا: وَإِيَّاكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ. قَالَ: وَإِيَّايَ، وَلَكِنَّ اللَّهَ أَعَانَنِي عَلَيْهِ فَلَا يَأْمُرُنِي إِلَّا بِخَيْرٍ. وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فِي غَيْرِ مَا حَدِيثٍ كَيْفَ يُحْصِّنُ الْإِنْسَانُ نَفْسَهُ وَيَقِيهَا مِنْ كَيْدِ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ، كَمَا حَذَّرَهُمْ مِنْ بَعْضِ الْأَفْعَالِ الَّتِي يُحِبُّهَا الشَّيْطَانُ كَالتَّثَاؤُبِ وَالِالْتِفَاتِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ، إِلَى غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْأَفْعَالِ الَّتِي جَاءَتْ مَبْسُوطَةً فِي السُّنَّةِ الْمُطَهَّرَةِ.
Translation
✧ Summary of the creation of the jinn and the story of Satan: Allah, glory be to Him, created the jinn before Adam from a smokeless flame of fire, that is, from the blaze of fire, and settled them on the earth. They caused corruption therein, so they were expelled from it. Among the jinn are believers and disbelievers, and among them are the jānn, as it is said, and they are the transformed jinn, and they are the devils. Indeed, among them are the people of the Sunnah and the innovators. They eat, drink, and procreate. As for their forms, they are of kinds: a kind that are snakes, scorpions, and creeping things of the earth; a kind like the wind in the air; and a kind upon whom is reckoning and punishment. Before the sending of the Prophet ﷺ, they used to eavesdrop on heaven, then meteors were sent upon them at the sending of the Prophet ﷺ. The scholars have differed as to whether the righteous and believing jinn will enter Paradise. Ibn Kathīr deemed their entering Paradise to be preponderant and listed what indicates the correctness of that from the Book and the Sunnah. The scholars have also differed as to whether Iblīs was from the jinn or from the angels. What matters is that he was righteous and of good conduct outwardly, except that when Allah, glory be to Him, looked upon the hidden nature of Iblīs and his arrogance, and commanded him to prostrate to Adam ﷺ, he refused and was arrogant. So Allah cursed him and expelled him from His mercy, which encompasses all things. He was granted respite until the Day of Resurrection, and He made him an enemy to Adam and his offspring. Iblīs set his offspring upon the children of Adam, taking a throne for himself upon the water, and he dispatches his raiding parties, striving night and day in leading the children of Adam astray. And Allah protects them and guards them, except those of them who respond to him and are among the erring. On the authority of Ibn Masʿūd, he said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “There is none of you but has been appointed his companion from the jinn and his companion from the angels.” They said: “And you too, O Messenger of Allah?” He said: “And me too, but Allah has helped me against him, so he commands me only with good.” The Prophet ﷺ informed in more than one hadith how a person fortifies himself and protects himself from the plot of the accursed Satan, just as he warned them against some actions that Satan loves, such as yawning and turning around in prayer, and other actions that have been expounded in the purified Sunnah.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.