Tarikh (al-Tabari) 34
Creation of the angels and their attributes (peace be upon them)
الْآيَاتُ فِي ذِكْرِ الْمَلَائِكَةِ كَثِيرَةٌ جِدًّا يَصِفُهُمْ تَعَالَى بِالْقُوَّةِ فِي الْعِبَادَةِ وَفِي الْخَلْقِ، وَحُسْنِ الْمَنْظَرِ، وَعَظَمَةِ الْأَشْكَالِ، وَقُوَّةِ الشَّكْلِ فِي الصُّوَرِ الْمُتَعَدِّدَةِ قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: شَهِدَ اللَّهُ أَنَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ وَالْمَلَائِكَةُ وَأُولُو الْعِلْمِ قَائِمًا بِالْقِسْطِ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ [ آلِ عِمْرَانَ: 18 ]. وَقَالَ: لَكِنِ اللَّهُ يَشْهَدُ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ إِلَيْكَ أَنْزَلَهُ بِعِلْمِهِ وَالْمَلَائِكَةُ يَشْهَدُونَ [ النِّسَاءِ: 166 ]. وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: وَقَالُوا اتَّخَذَ الرَّحْمَنُ وَلَدًا سُبْحَانَهُ بَلْ عِبَادٌ مُكْرَمُونَ لَا يَسْبِقُونَهُ بِالْقَوْلِ وَهُمْ بِأَمْرِهِ يَعْمَلُونَ يَعْلَمُ مَا بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَمَا خَلْفَهُمْ وَلَا يَشْفَعُونَ إِلَّا لِمَنِ ارْتَضَى وَهُمْ مِنْ خَشْيَتِهِ مُشْفِقُونَ وَمَنْ يَقُلْ مِنْهُمْ إِنِّي إِلَهٌ مِنْ دُونِهِ فَذَلِكَ نَجْزِيهِ جَهَنَّمَ كَذَلِكَ نَجْزِي الظَّالِمِينَ [ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ: 26 - 29 ]. وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: تَكَادُ السَّمَاوَاتُ يَتَفَطَّرْنَ مِنْ فَوْقِهِنَّ وَالْمَلَائِكَةُ يُسَبِّحُونَ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّهِمْ وَيَسْتَغْفِرُونَ لِمَنْ فِي الْأَرْضِ أَلَا إِنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الْغَفُورُ الرَّحِيمُ [ الشُّورَى: 5 ]. وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: الَّذِينَ يَحْمِلُونَ الْعَرْشَ وَمَنْ حَوْلَهُ يُسَبِّحُونَ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّهِمْ وَيُؤْمِنُونَ بِهِ وَيَسْتَغْفِرُونَ لِلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا رَبَّنَا وَسِعْتَ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ رَحْمَةً وَعِلْمًا فَاغْفِرْ لِلَّذِينَ تَابُوا وَاتَّبَعُوا سَبِيلَكَ وَقِهِمْ عَذَابَ الْجَحِيمِ رَبَّنَا وَأَدْخِلْهُمْ جَنَّاتِ عَدْنٍ الَّتِي وَعَدْتَهُمْ وَمَنْ صَلَحَ مِنْ آبَائِهِمْ وَأَزْوَاجِهِمْ وَذُرِّيَّاتِهِمْ إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ [ غَافِرٍ: 7، 8 ]. وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: فَإِنِ اسْتَكْبَرُوا فَالَّذِينَ عِنْدَ رَبِّكَ يُسَبِّحُونَ لَهُ بِاللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ وَهُمْ لَا يَسْأَمُونَ [ فُصِّلَتْ: 38 ]. وَقَالَ: وَمَنْ عِنْدَهُ لَا يَسْتَكْبِرُونَ عَنْ عِبَادَتِهِ وَلَا يَسْتَحْسِرُونَ يُسَبِّحُونَ اللَّيْلَ وَالنَّهَارَ لَا يَفْتُرُونَ [ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ: 19 20 ]. وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: وَمَا مِنَّا إِلَّا لَهُ مَقَامٌ مَعْلُومٌ وَإِنَّا لَنَحْنُ الصَّافُّونَ وَإِنَّا لَنَحْنُ الْمُسَبِّحُونَ [ الصَّافَّاتِ: 164 - 166 ]. وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: وَمَا نَتَنَزَّلُ إِلَّا بِأَمْرِ رَبِّكَ لَهُ مَا بَيْنَ أَيْدِينَا وَمَا خَلْفَنَا وَمَا بَيْنَ ذَلِكَ وَمَا كَانَ رَبُّكَ نَسِيًّا [ مَرْيَمَ: 64 ]. وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: وَإِنَّ عَلَيْكُمْ لَحَافِظِينَ كِرَامًا كَاتِبِينَ يَعْلَمُونَ مَا تَفْعَلُونَ [ الِانْفِطَارِ: 10 - 12 ]. وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: وَمَا يَعْلَمُ جُنُودَ رَبِّكَ إِلَّا هُوَ [ الْمُدَّثِّرِ: 31 ]. وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: وَالْمَلَائِكَةُ يَدْخُلُونَ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ كُلِّ بَابٍ سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ بِمَا صَبَرْتُمْ فَنِعْمَ عُقْبَى الدَّارِ [ الرَّعْدِ: 23 - 24 ]. وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ فَاطِرِ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ جَاعِلِ الْمَلَائِكَةِ رُسُلًا أُولِي أَجْنِحَةٍ مَثْنَى وَثُلَاثَ وَرُبَاعَ يَزِيدُ فِي الْخَلْقِ مَا يَشَاءُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ [ فَاطِرِ: 1 ]. وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: وَيَوْمَ تَشَقَّقُ السَّمَاءُ بِالْغَمَامِ وَنُزِّلَ الْمَلَائِكَةُ تَنْزِيلًا الْمُلْكُ يَوْمَئِذٍ الْحَقُّ لِلرَّحْمَنِ وَكَانَ يَوْمًا عَلَى الْكَافِرِينَ عَسِيرًا [ الْفُرْقَانِ: 25 - 26 ]. وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ لَا يَرْجُونَ لِقَاءَنَا لَوْلَا أُنْزِلَ عَلَيْنَا الْمَلَائِكَةُ أَوْ نَرَى رَبَّنَا لَقَدِ اسْتَكْبَرُوا فِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ وَعَتَوْا عُتُوًّا كَبِيرًا يَوْمَ يَرَوْنَ الْمَلَائِكَةَ لَا بُشْرَى يَوْمَئِذٍ لِلْمُجْرِمِينَ وَيَقُولُونَ حِجْرًا مَحْجُورًا [ الْفُرْقَانِ: 21 22 ]. وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: مَنْ كَانَ عَدُوًّا لِلَّهِ وَمَلَائِكَتِهِ وَرُسُلِهِ وَجِبْرِيلَ وَمِيكَالَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَدُوٌّ لِلْكَافِرِينَ [ الْبَقَرَةِ: 98 ]. وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا قُوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ وَأَهْلِيكُمْ نَارًا وَقُودُهَا النَّاسُ وَالْحِجَارَةُ عَلَيْهَا مَلَائِكَةٌ غِلَاظٌ شِدَادٌ لَا يَعْصُونَ اللَّهَ مَا أَمَرَهُمْ وَيَفْعَلُونَ مَا يُؤْمَرُونَ [ التَّحْرِيمِ: 6 ]. وقَالَ تَعَالَى: وَلَمَّا جَاءَتْ رُسُلُنَا لُوطًا سِيءَ بِهِمْ وَضَاقَ بِهِمْ ذَرْعًا وَقَالَ هَذَا يَوْمٌ عَصِيبٌ وَجَاءَهُ قَوْمُهُ يُهْرَعُونَ إِلَيْهِ وَمِنْ قَبْلُ كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ السَّيِّئَاتِ [ هُودٍ: 77 - 78 ].
Translation
✧ The verses mentioning the angels are very numerous. He, Exalted is He, describes them as possessing strength in worship and in creation, beauty of appearance, greatness of forms, and power of shape in their various images. Allah, Exalted is He, said: “Allah bears witness that there is no god but He, and the angels, and those possessed of knowledge, standing firm for justice. There is no god but He, the Mighty, the Wise” [Āl ʿImrān: 18]. And He said: “But Allah bears witness to what He has sent down to you; He sent it down with His knowledge, and the angels bear witness” [al-Nisāʾ: 166]. And He, Exalted is He, said: “And they say, ‘The Most Merciful has taken a son.’ Glory be to Him! Nay, they are honored servants. They do not precede Him in speech, and they act according to His command. He knows what is before them and what is behind them, and they do not intercede except for one with whom He is pleased, and they are in awe of Him out of fear of Him. And whoever of them says, ‘I am a god besides Him,’ that one We shall recompense with Hell. Thus do We recompense the wrongdoers” [al-Anbiyāʾ: 26–29]. And He, Exalted is He, said: “The heavens are almost rent asunder from above them, and the angels glorify the praise of their Lord and ask forgiveness for those on earth. Behold, Allah is the Forgiving, the Merciful” [al-Shūrā: 5]. And He, Exalted is He, said: “Those who bear the Throne, and those around it, glorify the praise of their Lord and believe in Him and ask forgiveness for those who believe: ‘Our Lord, You encompass all things in mercy and knowledge, so forgive those who repent and follow Your way and protect them from the punishment of Hellfire. Our Lord, admit them to the gardens of Eden which You promised them, and whoever is righteous among their fathers, their spouses, and their offspring. Indeed, You are the Mighty, the Wise’” [Ghāfir: 7–8]. And He, Exalted is He, said: “If they are arrogant, then those who are with your Lord glorify Him night and day, and they do not weary” [Fuṣṣilat: 38]. And He said: “And those who are with Him are not too proud to worship Him, nor do they grow weary. They glorify Him night and day, and they do not slacken” [al-Anbiyāʾ: 19–20]. And He, Exalted is He, said: “And there is none of us but has a known station. And indeed we are those who stand in rows, and indeed we are those who glorify” [al-Ṣāffāt: 164–166]. And He, Exalted is He, said: “And we do not descend except by the command of your Lord. To Him belongs what is before us and what is behind us and what is between that, and your Lord is never forgetful” [Maryam: 64]. And He, Exalted is He, said: “And indeed over you are guardians, noble, recording. They know what you do” [al-Infiṭār: 10–12]. And He, Exalted is He, said: “And none knows the hosts of your Lord except He” [al-Muddaththir: 31]. And He, Exalted is He, said: “And the angels enter upon them from every gate: ‘Peace be upon you for what you patiently endured. And excellent is the final home’” [al-Raʿd: 23–24]. And He, Exalted is He, said: “Praise be to Allah, Originator of the heavens and the earth, who made the angels messengers with wings, two, three, and four. He increases in creation what He wills. Indeed, Allah is over all things powerful” [Fāṭir: 1]. And He, Exalted is He, said: “And on the day when the sky is split with clouds and the angels are sent down in succession, on that day the true sovereignty belongs to the Most Merciful, and it will be a hard day for the disbelievers” [al-Furqān: 25–26]. And He, Exalted is He, said: “And those who do not hope for the meeting with Us say, ‘Why are not angels sent down to us, or why do we not see our Lord?’ They have certainly become arrogant within themselves and have become insolent with great insolence. On the day they see the angels, no good tidings that day for the criminals, and they say, ‘A barrier forbidden!’” [al-Furqān: 21–22]. And He, Exalted is He, said: “Whoever is an enemy to Allah and His angels and His messengers and Jibrīl and Mīkāl, then indeed Allah is an enemy to the disbelievers” [al-Baqarah: 98]. And He, Exalted is He, said: “O you who believe, protect yourselves and your families from a Fire whose fuel is people and stones, over which are angels, stern and severe, who do not disobey Allah in what He commands them and do what they are commanded” [al-Taḥrīm: 6]. And He, Exalted is He, said: “And when Our messengers came to Lūṭ, he was distressed on their account and felt constrained on their account, and he said, ‘This is a dire day.’ And his people came to him, hastening to him, and before that they had been doing evil deeds” [Hūd: 77–78].
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.