Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2146
The caliphate of Muʿāwiyah b. Abī Sufyān
وِلَايَةِ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ نَافِعٍ إِفْرِيقِيَّةَ وَبِنَاءِ مَدِينَةِ الْقَيْرَوَانِ قَدْ ذَكَرَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الطَّبَرِيُّ أَنَّ فِي سنة خمسين من الهجرة وَلِيَ مَسْلَمَةُ بْنُ مُخَلَّدٍ إِفْرِيقِيَّةَ، وَأَنَّ عُقْبَةَ وَلِيَ قَبْلَهُ إِفْرِيقِيَّةَ وَبَنَى الْقَيْرَوَانَ، وَالَّذِي ذَكَرَهُ أَهْلُ التَّارِيخِ مِنَ الْمَغَارِبَةِ: أَنَّ وِلَايَةَ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ نَافِعٍ إِفْرِيقِيَّةَ كَانَتْ هَذِهِ السَّنَةَ وَبَنَى الْقَيْرَوَانَ، ثُمَّ بَقِيَ إِلَى سَنَةِ خَمْسٍ وَخَمْسِينَ وَوَلِيَهَا مَسْلَمَةُ بْنُ مُخَلَّدٍ، وَهُمْ أَخْبَرُ بِبِلَادِهِمْ، وَأَنَا أَذْكُرُ مَا أَثْبَتُوهُ فِي كُتُبِهِمْ: قَالُوا: إِنَّ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنَ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ عَزَلَ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنَ حُدَيْجٍ عَنْ إِفْرِيقِيَّةَ حَسْبُ، وَاسْتَعْمَلَ عَلَيْهَا عُقْبَةَ بْنَ نَافِعٍ الْفِهْرِيَّ، وَكَانَ مُقِيمًا بِبَرْقَةَ وَزُوَيْلَةَ مُذْ فَتَحَهَا أَيَّامَ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ، وَلَهُ فِي تِلْكَ الْبِلَادِ جِهَادٌ وَفُتُوحٌ، فَلَمَّا اسْتَعْمَلَهُ مُعَاوِيَةُ سَيَّرَ إِلَيْهِ عَشَرَةَ آلَافِ فَارِسٍ، فَدَخَلَ إِفْرِيقِيَّةَ وَانْضَافَ إِلَيْهِ مَنْ أَسْلَمَ مِنَ الْبَرْبَرِ، فَكَثُرَ جَمْعُهُ، وَوَضَعَ السَّيْفَ فِي أَهْلِ الْبِلَادِ لِأَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا إِذَا دَخَلَ إِلَيْهِمْ أَمِيرٌ أَطَاعُوا وَأَظْهَرَ بَعْضُهُمُ الْإِسْلَامَ، فَإِذَا عَادَ الْأَمِيرُ عَنْهُمْ نَكَثُوا وَارْتَدَّ مَنْ أَسْلَمَ، ثُمَّ رَأَى أَنْ يَتَّخِذَ مَدِينَةً يَكُونُ فِيهَا عَسْكَرُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَأَمْوَالُهُمْ لِيَأْمَنُوا مِنْ ثَوْرَةٍ تَكُونُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْبِلَادِ، فَقَصَدَ مَوْضِعَ الْقَيْرَوَانِ، وَكَانَ أَجَمَةً مُشْتَبِكَةً بِهَا مِنْ أَنْوَاعِ الْحَيَوَانِ ( مِنَ السِّبَاعِ ) وَالْحَيَّاتِ وَغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ، فَدَعَا اللَّهَ، وَكَانَ مُسْتَجَابَ الدَّعْوَةِ، ثُمَّ نَادَى: أَيَّتُهَا الْحَيَّاتُ وَالسِّبَاعُ إِنَّا أَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، ارْحَلُوا عَنَّا فَإِنَّا نَازِلُونَ وَمَنْ وَجَدْنَاهُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ قَتَلْنَاهُ. فَنَظَرَ النَّاسُ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمَ إِلَى الدَّوَابِّ تَحْمِلُ أَوْلَادَهَا وَتَنْتَقِلُ، فَرَآهُ قَبِيلٌ كَثِيرٌ مِنَ الْبَرْبَرِ فَأَسْلَمُوا، وَقَطَعَ الْأَشْجَارَ وَأَمَرَ بِبِنَاءِ الْمَدِينَةِ، فَبُنِيَتْ، وَبَنَى الْمَسْجِدَ الْجَامِعَ، وَبَنَى النَّاسُ مَسَاجِدَهُمْ وَمَسَاكِنَهُمْ، وَكَانَ دُورُهَا ثَلَاثَةَ آلَافِ بَاعٍ وَسِتَّمِائَةِ بَاعٍ، وَتَمَّ أَمْرُهَا سَنَةَ خَمْسٍ وَخَمْسِينَ وَسَكَنَهَا النَّاسُ، وَكَانَ فِي أَثْنَاءِ عِمَارَةِ الْمَدِينَةِ يَغْزُو وَيُرْسِلُ السَّرَايَا، فَتُغِيرُ وَتَنْهَبُ، وَدَخَلَ كَثِيرٌ مِنَ الْبَرْبَرِ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ، وَاتَّسَعَتْ خُطَّةُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَقَوِيَ جَنَانُ مَنْ هُنَاكَ مِنَ الْجُنُودِ بِمَدِينَةِ الْقَيْرَوَانِ وَأَمِنُوا وَاطْمَأَنُّوا عَلَى الْمُقَامِ فَثَبَتَ الْإِسْلَامُ فِيهَا.
Translation
✧ The appointment of ʿUqbah b. Nāfiʿ over Ifrīqiyah and the building of the city of al-Qayrawān Abū Jaʿfar al-Ṭabarī has mentioned that in the year fifty of the Hijrah Maslamah b. Mukhallad was appointed over Ifrīqiyah, and that ʿUqbah was appointed over Ifrīqiyah before him and built al-Qayrawān. What the historians of the Maghrib have mentioned is that the appointment of ʿUqbah b. Nāfiʿ over Ifrīqiyah was in this year and he built al-Qayrawān, then he remained until the year fifty-five when Maslamah b. Mukhallad was appointed over it. They are more knowledgeable about their own lands, and I shall mention what they have recorded in their books: They said: Muʿāwiyah b. Abī Sufyān dismissed Muʿāwiyah b. Ḥudayj from Ifrīqiyah entirely and appointed over it ʿUqbah b. Nāfiʿ al-Fihrī. He had been residing in Barqah and Zawīlah since he conquered them in the days of ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ, and he had undertaken jihād and conquests in those lands. When Muʿāwiyah appointed him, he sent to him ten thousand horsemen, and he entered Ifrīqiyah. Those Berbers who had embraced Islam joined him, and his force became large. He put the sword to the people of the land because, whenever a commander entered among them, they would obey and some of them would outwardly profess Islam, but when the commander left them, they would break their word and those who had embraced Islam would apostatize. Then he decided to establish a city in which the Muslim army and their wealth would be, so that they would be safe from any uprising by the people of the land. He headed for the site of al-Qayrawān, which was a tangled thicket containing various kinds of animals—beasts of prey, snakes, and other things. He supplicated God, and his supplication was answered, then he called out: "O snakes and beasts of prey, we are the companions of the Messenger of God ﷺ. Depart from us, for we are going to settle, and whoever we find after this we shall kill." That day the people saw the creatures carrying their young and moving away. Many Berber tribes saw that and embraced Islam. He cut down the trees and ordered the building of the city, and it was built. He built the congregational mosque, and the people built their mosques and dwellings. Its houses covered three thousand six hundred cubits. Its construction was completed in the year fifty-five, and the people inhabited it. During the course of the city's construction he raided and dispatched expeditions, and they made incursions and took booty. Many Berbers entered Islam, the territory of the Muslims expanded, and the resolve of the troops there was strengthened by the city of al-Qayrawān. They felt secure and at ease in residing there, and Islam became firmly established in it.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.