Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1964
The caliphate of ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb
أَوَّلِيَّاتِ عُمَرَ قَالَ الْعَسْكَرِيُّ: (هُوَ أَوَّلُ مَنْ سُمِّيَ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، وَأَوَّلُ مَنْ كَتَبَ التَّارِيخَ مِنَ الْهِجْرَةِ، وَأَوَّلُ مَنِ اتَّخَذَ بَيْتَ الْمَالِ، وَأَوَّلُ مَنْ عَسَّ بِاللَّيْلِ، وَأَوَّلُ مَنْ عَاقَبَ عَلَى الْهِجَاءِ، وَأَوَّلُ مَنْ ضَرَبَ فِي الْخَمْرِ ثَمَانِينَ، وَأَوَّلُ مَنْ حَرَّمَ الْمُتْعَةَ، وَأَوَّلُ مَنْ نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ أُمَّهَاتِ الْأَوْلَادِ، وَأَوَّلُ مَنْ جَمَعَ النَّاسَ فِي صَلَاةِ الْجَنَائِزِ عَلَى أَرْبَعِ تَكْبِيرَاتٍ، وَأَوَّلُ مَنِ اتَّخَذَ الدِّيوَانَ، وَأَوَّلُ مَنْ فَتَحَ الْفُتُوحَ وَمَسَحَ السَّوَادَ، وَأَوَّلُ مَنْ حَمَلَ الطَّعَامَ مِنْ مِصْرَ فِي بَحْرِ أَيْلَةَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، وَأَوَّلُ مَنِ احْتَبَسَ صَدَقَةً فِي الْإِسْلَامِ، وَأَوَّلُ مَنْ أَعَالَ الْفَرَائِضَ، وَأَوَّلُ مَنْ أَخَذَ زَكَاةَ الْخَيْلِ، وَأَوَّلُ مَنْ قَالَ: «أَطَالَ اللَّهُ بَقَاءَكَ»، قَالَهُ لَعَلِيٍّ، وَأَوَّلُ مَنْ قَالَ: «أَيَّدَكَ اللَّهُ» قَالَهُ لِعَلِيٍّ). هَذَا آخِرُ مَا ذَكَرَهُ الْعَسْكَرِيُّ. وَقَالَ النَّوَوِيُّ فِي «تَهْذِيبِهِ»: (هُوَ أَوَّلُ مَنِ اتَّخَذَ الدَّرَّةَ)، وَكَذَا ذَكَرَهُ ابْنُ سَعْدٍ فِي «الطَّبَقَاتِ» قَالَ: وَلَقَدْ قِيلَ بَعْدَهُ: لَدَرَّةُ عُمَرَ أَهْيَبُ مِنْ سَيْفِكُمْ. قَالَ: (وَهُوَ أَوَّلُ مَنِ اسْتَقْضَى الْقَضَاةَ فِي الْأَمْصَارِ، وَأَوَّلُ مَنْ مَصَّرَ الْأَمْصَارَ: الْكُوفَةُ، وَالْبَصْرَةُ، وَالْجَزِيرَةُ، وَالشَّامُ، وَمِصْرُ، وَالْمَوْصِلُ). وَأَخْرَجَ ابْنُ عَسَاكِرَ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ زِيَادٍ قَالَ: مَرَّ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ عَلَى الْمَسَاجِدِ فِي رَمَضَانَ وَفِيهَا الْقَنَادِيلُ فَقَالَ: (نَوَّرَ اللَّهُ عَلَى عُمَرَ فِي قَبْرِهِ كَمَا نَوَّرَ عَلَيْنَا مَسَاجِدِنَا). قَالَ الْوَاقِدِيُّ: وَهُوَ أَوَّلُ مَنْ جَمَعَ النَّاسَ عَلَى إِمَامٍ يُصَلِّي بِهِمُ التَّرَاوِيحَ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَكَتَبَ بِهِ إِلَى الْبُلْدَانِ وَأَمَرَهُمْ بِهِ
Translation
✧ The firsts of ʿUmar Al-ʿAskarī said: (He was the first to be called Amīr al-Muʾminīn, the first to write the history from the Hijrah, the first to establish the bayt al-māl, the first to patrol at night, the first to punish for satire, the first to impose eighty lashes for wine, the first to forbid mutʿah, the first to prohibit the sale of ummahāt al-awlād, the first to gather the people in the funeral prayer with four takbīrs, the first to institute the dīwān, the first to undertake the conquests and survey the sawād, the first to transport food from Egypt across the sea of Aylah to Madinah, the first to endow a charitable trust in Islam, the first to assign shares in inheritance cases, the first to levy zakāh on horses, the first to say: “May Allah prolong your life,” which he said to ʿAlī, and the first to say: “May Allah support you,” which he said to ʿAlī). This is the end of what al-ʿAskarī mentioned. Al-Nawawī said in his Tahdhīb: (He was the first to use the diraḥ), and likewise Ibn Saʿd mentioned it in al-Ṭabaqāt, saying: It was said after him: ʿUmar's stick is more awe-inspiring than your sword. He said: (He was the first to appoint judges in the garrison towns, and the first to found the garrison towns: al-Kūfah, al-Baṣrah, al-Jazīrah, al-Shām, Miṣr, and al-Mawṣil). Ibn ʿAsākir transmitted from Ismāʿīl b. Ziyād, who said: ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib passed by the mosques in Ramaḍān, and in them were lamps, so he said: (May Allah illuminate ʿUmar in his grave as he illuminated our mosques for us). Al-Wāqidī said: He was the first to gather the people behind an imam to lead them in the tarāwīḥ prayer during the month of Ramaḍān, and he wrote about it to the regions and commanded them to do it
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.