Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1946
The caliphate of ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb
فَتْحِ إِصْطَخْرَ وَجُورَ وَغَيْرِهِمَا قَالَ أَبُو مَعْشَرٍ: كَانَتْ فَارِسُ الْأُولَى، وَإِصْطَخْرُ الْآخِرَةَ سَنَةَ ثَلَاثٍ وَعِشْرِينَ وَقَصَدَ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَبِي الْعَاصِ الثَّقَفِيَّ لِإِصْطَخْرَ، فَالْتَقَى هُوَ وَأَهْلُ إِصْطَخْرَ بِجُورَ، فَاقْتَتَلُوا وَانْهَزَمَ الْفُرْسُ، وَفَتَحَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ جُورَ ثُمَّ إِصْطَخْرَ، وَقَتَلُوا مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ، ثُمَّ فَرَّ مَنْ فَرَّ، فَدَعَاهُمْ عُثْمَانُ إِلَى الْجِزْيَةِ وَالذِّمَّةِ، فَأَجَابَهُ الْهِرْبِذُ إِلَيْهَا، فَتَرَاجَعُوا، وَكَانَ عُثْمَانُ قَدْ جَمَعَ الْغَنَائِمَ لَمَّا هَزَمَهُمْ، فَبَعَثَ بِخُمُسِهَا إِلَى عُمَرَ وَقَسَّمَ الْبَاقِيَ فِي النَّاسِ. وَفَتَحَ عُثْمَانُ كَازَرُونَ وَالنُّوبَنْدَجَانَ وَغَلَبَ عَلَى أَرْضِهَا، وَفَتَحَ هُوَ وَأَبُو مُوسَى مَدِينَةَ شِيرَازَ وَأَرَّجَانَ، وَفَتَحَا سِينِيزَ عَلَى الْجِزْيَةِ وَالْخَرَاجِ. وَقَصَدَ عُثْمَانُ أَيْضًا جَنَّابَا فَفَتَحَهَا، وَلَقِيَهُ جَمْعُ الْفُرْسِ بِنَاحِيَةِ جَهْرَمَ فَهَزَمَهُمْ وَفَتَحَهَا. ثُمَّ إِنَّ شَهْرَكَ خَلَعَ فِي آخِرِ خِلَافَةِ عُمَرَ وَأَوَّلِ خِلَافَةِ عُثْمَانَ. فَوُجِّهَ إِلَيْهِ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَبِي الْعَاصِ ثَانِيَةً وَأَتَتْهُ الْأَمْدَادُ مِنَ الْبَصْرَةِ وَأَمِيرُهُمْ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَعْمَرٍ وَشِبْلُ بْنُ مَعْبَدٍ، فَالْتَقَوْا بِأَرْضِ فَارِسَ. فَقَالَ شَهْرَكُ لِابْنِهِ وَهُمَا فِي الْمَعْرَكَةِ، وَبَيْنَهُمَا وَبَيْنَ قَرْيَةٍ لَهُمَا تُدْعَى رِيشَهْرَ ثَلَاثَةُ فَرَاسِخَ: يَا بُنَيَّ أَيْنَ يَكُونُ غَدَاؤُنَا هَاهُنَا أَمْ بِرِيشَهْرَ ؟ قَالَ لَهُ: يَا أَبَهْ، إِنْ تَرَكُونَا فَلَا يَكُونُ غَدَاؤُنَا هَاهُنَا وَلَا بِرِيشَهْرَ وَلَا نَكُونَنَّ إِلَّا فِي الْمَنْزِلِ، [ وَلَكِنْ وَاللَّهِ ] مَا أَرَاهُمْ يَتْرُكُونَنَا. فَمَا فَرَغَا مِنْ كَلَامِهِمَا حَتَّى أَنْشَبَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ الْحَرْبَ فَاقْتَتَلُوا قِتَالًا شَدِيدًا، وَقُتِلَ شَهْرَكُ وَابْنُهُ وَخَلْقٌ عَظِيمٌ. وَالَّذِي قَتَلَ شَهْرَكَ الْحَكَمُ بْنُ أَبِي الْعَاصِ أَخُو عُثْمَانَ. وَقِيلَ: قَتَلَهُ سَوَّارُ بْنُ هَمَّامٍ الْعَبْدِيُّ حَمَلَ عَلَيْهِ فَطَعَنَهُ فَقَتَلَهُ. وَحَمَلَ ابْنُ شَهْرَكَ عَلَى سَوَّارٍ فَقَتَلَهُ. وَقِيلَ: إِنَّ إِصْطَخْرَ كَانَتْ سَنَةَ ثَمَانٍ وَعِشْرِينَ، وَكَانَتْ فَارِسُ الْآخِرَةُ سَنَةَ تِسْعٍ وَعِشْرِينَ. وَقِيلَ: إِنَّ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ أَبِي الْعَاصِ أَرْسَلَ أَخَاهُ الْحَكَمَ مِنَ الْبَحْرَيْنِ فِي أَلْفَيْنِ إِلَى فَارِسَ، فَفَتَحَ جَزِيرَةَ بَرْكَاوَانَ فِي طَرِيقِهِ ثُمَّ سَارَ إِلَى تَوَّجَ، وَكَانَ كِسْرَى أَرْسَلَ شَهْرَكَ فَالْتَقَوْا مَعَ شَهْرَكَ، وَكَانَ الْجَارُودُ وَأَبُو صُفْرَةَ عَلَى مُجَنِّبَتَيِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَأَبُو صُفْرَةَ هَذَا هُوَ وَالِدُ الْمُهَلَّبِ، فَحَمَلَ الْفُرْسُ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَهَزَمُوهُمْ. فَقَالَ الْجَارُودُ: أَيُّهَا الْأَمِيرُ ذَهَبَ الْجُنْدُ. فَقَالَ: سَتَرَى أَمْرَكَ. قَالَ: فَمَا لَبِثُوا حَتَّى رَجَعَتْ خَيْلٌ لَهُمْ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهَا فُرْسَانُهَا وَالْمُسْلِمُونَ يَتْبَعُونَهُمْ يَقْتُلُونَهُمْ، فَنُثِرَتِ الرُّءُوسُ فَرَأَى الْمُكَعْبِرُ رَأْسًا ضَخْمًا فَقَالَ: أَيُّهَا الْأَمِيرُ هَذَا رَأْسُ الِازْدِهَاقَ - يَعْنِي شَهْرَكَ -. وَحُوصِرَ الْفُرْسُ بِمَدِينَةِ سَابُورَ، فَصَالَحَ عَلَيْهَا مَلِكُهَا أَرْزَنْبَانُ، فَاسْتَعَانَ بِهِ الْحَكَمُ عَلَى قِتَالِ أَهْلِ إِصْطَخْرَ. وَمَاتَ عُمَرُ. وَبَعَثَ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ عُبَيْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ مَعْمَرٍ مَكَانَهُ، فَبَلَغَ عُبَيْدَ اللَّهِ أَنَّ أَرْزَنْبَانَ يُرِيدُ الْغَدْرَ بِهِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: أُحِبُّ أَنْ تَتَّخِذَ لِأَصْحَابِي طَعَامًا وَتَذْبَحَ لَهُمْ بَقَرَةً وَتَجْعَلَ عِظَامَهَا فِي الْجَفْنَةِ الَّتِي تَلِينِي فَإِنِّي أُحِبُّ أَنْ أَتَمَشَّشَ الْعِظَامَ، فَفَعَلَ وَجَعَلَ يَأْخُذُ الْعَظْمَ الَّذِي لَا يُكْسَرُ إِلَّا بِالْفُؤُوسِ فَيَكْسِرُهُ بِيَدِهِ وَيَأْخُذُ مُخَّهُ، وَكَانَ مِنْ أَشَدِّ النَّاسِ، فَقَامَ أَرْزَنْبَانُ فَأَخَذَ بِرِجْلِهِ وَقَالَ: هَذَا مَقَامُ الْعَائِذِ بِكَ ! فَأَعْطَاهُ عَهْدًا. وَأَصَابَ عُبَيْدَ اللَّهِ مَنْجَنِيقٌ فَأَوْصَاهُمْ وَقَالَ: إِنَّكُمْ سَتَفْتَحُونَ هَذِهِ الْمَدِينَةَ - إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ - فَاقْتُلُوهُمْ بِي سَاعَةً فِيهَا، فَفَعَلُوا، فَقَتَلُوا مِنْهُمْ بَشَرًا كَثِيرًا، وَمَاتَ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَعْمَرٍ. وَقِيلَ: إِنَّ قَتْلَهُ كَانَ سَنَةَ تِسْعٍ وَعِشْرِينَ.
Translation
✧ The conquest of Iṣṭakhr and Jūr and others besides them Abū Maʿshar said: The first [conquest of] Fāris and the last [conquest of] Iṣṭakhr were in the year twenty-three. ʿUthmān b. Abī al-ʿĀṣ al-Thaqafī made for Iṣṭakhr, and he and the people of Iṣṭakhr met at Jūr. They fought, and the Persians were routed, and the Muslims conquered Jūr and then Iṣṭakhr, and they killed as many as Allah willed. Then those who fled took flight, and ʿUthmān summoned them to the jizyah and the covenant of protection. The hirbidh answered him to it, and they returned. ʿUthmān had gathered the spoils when he defeated them, and he sent a fifth of them to ʿUmar and divided the rest among the people. And ʿUthmān conquered Kāzarūn and al-Nūbandajān and took possession of their land, and he and Abū Mūsā conquered the city of Shīrāz and Arrajān, and they conquered Sīnīz on terms of jizyah and kharāj. ʿUthmān also made for Jannābā and conquered it. A gathering of the Persians met him in the district of Jahram, and he routed them and conquered it. Then Shahrak broke his allegiance at the end of ʿUmar's caliphate and the beginning of ʿUthmān's caliphate. ʿUthmān b. Abī al-ʿĀṣ was dispatched against him a second time, and reinforcements came to him from al-Baṣrah, their commander being ʿUbayd Allāh b. Maʿmar and Shibl b. Maʿbad. They met in the land of Fāris. Shahrak said to his son while they were in the battle, and between them and a village of theirs called Rīshahr there were three parasangs: "My son, where will our midday meal be, here or at Rīshahr?" He said to him: "My father, if they leave us alone, our midday meal will be neither here nor at Rīshahr, and we will be nowhere but in the abode, [but, by Allah,] I do not think they will leave us alone." They had not finished their words before the Muslims began the fighting, and they fought a fierce battle. Shahrak and his son and a great multitude were killed. The one who killed Shahrak was al-Ḥakam b. Abī al-ʿĀṣ, the brother of ʿUthmān. It is also said: Sawwār b. Hammām al-ʿAbdī killed him; he charged at him and thrust him with a spear and killed him. The son of Shahrak charged at Sawwār and killed him. It is also said: Iṣṭakhr was in the year twenty-eight, and the last [conquest of] Fāris was in the year twenty-nine. It is also said: ʿUthmān b. Abī al-ʿĀṣ sent his brother al-Ḥakam from al-Baḥrayn with two thousand men to Fāris. He conquered the island of Barkāwān on his way, then marched to Tawwaj. Kisrā had sent Shahrak, and they met Shahrak. Al-Jārūd and Abū Ṣufrah were on the two wings of the Muslims, and this Abū Ṣufrah is the father of al-Muhallab. The Persians charged at the Muslims and routed them. Al-Jārūd said: "Commander, the army has gone." He said: "You will see your matter." He said: They had not waited long before horsemen of theirs returned with no riders on them, the Muslims following them and killing them. The heads were scattered, and al-Mukaʿbir saw a huge head and said: "Commander, this is the head of al-Azdihāq—meaning Shahrak." The Persians were besieged in the city of Sābūr, and its king Arzanbān made terms for it. Al-Ḥakam sought his help in fighting the people of Iṣṭakhr. ʿUmar died, and ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān sent ʿUbayd Allāh b. Maʿmar in his place. News reached ʿUbayd Allāh that Arzanbān intended to betray him, so he said to him: "I would like you to prepare food for my companions and slaughter a cow for them and put its bones in the bowl that is next to me, for I like to suck the bones." He did so, and he began taking bones that could only be broken with axes and breaking them with his hand and taking out their marrow. He was one of the strongest of men. Arzanbān rose, took hold of his leg, and said: "This is the station of one who seeks refuge with you!" So he gave him a covenant. A mangonel struck ʿUbayd Allāh, and he enjoined them, saying: "You will conquer this city, Allah willing, so kill them for my sake for an hour within it." They did so and killed many people among them, and ʿUbayd Allāh b. Maʿmar died. It is also said: His killing was in the year twenty-nine.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.