Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1770
The illness of the Prophet ﷺ and his death
سِنِّهِ يَوْمَ مَاتَ ﷺ. وَاخْتَلَفُوا فِي عُمْرِهِ يَوْمَ مَاتَ ، فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ، وَعَائِشَةُ، وَمُعَاوِيَةُ، وَابْنُ الْمُسَيَّبِ: كَانَ عُمُرُهُ ثَلَاثًا وَسِتِّينَ سَنَةً. وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ أَيْضًا، وَدَغْفَلُ بْنُ حَنْظَلَةَ: كَانَ عُمْرُهُ خَمْسًا وَسِتِّينَ سَنَةً. وَقَالَ عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ: كَانَ عُمْرُهُ سِتِّينَ سَنَةً. ورَوَى مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ أَنَسٍ ؓ قَالَ: «قُبِضَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ ابْنُ ثَلَاثٍ وَسِتِّينَ سَنَةً، وَقُبِضَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَهُوَ ابْنُ ثَلَاثٍ وَسِتِّينَ سَنَةً، وَقُبِضَ عُمَرُ وَهُوَ ابْنُ ثَلَاثٍ وَسِتِّينَ سَنَةً». وَرَوَى الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ وَالشَّيْخَانِ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ؓ «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْزَلَ عَلَيْهِ وَهُوَ ابْنُ أَرْبَعِينَ سَنَةً، فَمَكَثَ بِمَكَّةَ ثَلَاثَ عَشْرَةَ يُوحَى إِلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ أُمِرَ بِالْهِجْرَةِ، فَهَاجَرَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، فَمَكَثَ بِهَا عَشْرَ سِنِينَ، وَتُوُفِّيَ وَهُوَ ابْنُ ثَلَاثٍ وَسِتِّينَ سَنَةً». وَرَوَى الشَّيْخَانِ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ؓ قَالَتْ: تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ ابْنُ ثَلَاثٍ وَسِتِّينَ. وَرَوَى الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ وَمُسْلِمٌ عَنْ عَمَّارِ بْنِ أَبِي عَمَّارٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: «كَمْ أَتَى لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ مَاتَ قَالَ: أَتَحْسِبُ ؟ قُلْتُ: نَعَمْ قَالَ: أَمْسِكْ أَرْبَعِينَ. بُعِثَ لَهَا خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ بِمَكَّةَ، يَأْمَنُ وَيَخَافُ وَعَشَرَ مِنْ مُهَاجَرِهِ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ ». وَرَوَى الْحَاكِمُ فِي «الْإِكْلِيلِ» عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ زَيْدٍ عَنْ يُوسُفَ بْنِ مَهْرَانَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ؓ قَالَ: تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ ابْنُ خَمْسٍ وَسِتِّينَ. وَقَالَ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ: أَنْبَأَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ، ثَنَا أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ السَّمَّاكِ، ثَنَا حَنْبَلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، ثَنَا أَبُو مَعْمَرٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَارِثِ، ثَنَا أَبُو غَالِبٍ الْبَاهِلِيُّ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ: بِسِنِّ أَيِّ الرِّجَالِ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ إِذْ بُعِثَ ؟ قَالَ: كَانَ ابْنَ أَرْبَعِينَ سَنَةً. قَالَ: ثُمَّ كَانَ مَاذَا ؟ قَالَ: كَانَ بِمَكَّةَ عَشْرَ سِنِينَ، وَبِالْمَدِينَةِ عَشْرَ سِنِينَ، فَتَمَّتْ لَهُ سِتُّونَ سَنَةً يَوْمَ قَبَضَهُ اللَّهُ، عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، وَهُوَ كَأَشَدِّ الرِّجَالِ وَأَحْسَنِهِ وَأَجْمَلِهِ وَأَلْحَمِهِ. تَنْبِيهَاتٌ الْأَوَّلُ: قَالَ ابْنُ عَسَاكِرَ، وَالْإِمَامُ النَّوَوِيُّ: الْقَوْلُ بِأَنَّ عُمْرَهُ حِينَ تُوُفِّيَ ثَلَاثٌ وَسِتُّونَ سَنَةً هُوَ الْأَصَحُّ الْأَشْهَرُ. وَقَالَ أَبُو عُمَرَ: هُوَ الصَّحِيحُ عِنْدَنَا. وَقَالَ ابْنُ سَعْدٍ: هُوَ الثَّبْتُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى. قَالَ الذَّهَبِيُّ: وَهُوَ الصَّحِيحُ الَّذِي قَطَعَ بِهِ الْمُحَقِّقُونَ. الثَّانِي: قَالَ الْحَاكِمُ فِي «الْإِكْلِيلِ» وَالنَّوَوِيُّ: اتَّفَقَ الْعُلَمَاءُ عَلَى أَنَّ أَصَحَّ الرِّوَايَاتِ ثَلَاثٌ وَسِتُّونَ سَنَةً وَتَأَوَّلُوا الْبَاقِيَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ، فَرِوَايَةُ سِتِّينَ اقْتَصَرَ فِيهَا عَلَى الْعُقُودِ وَتَرْكِ الْكُسُورِ. وَرِوَايَةُ الْخَمْسِ وَسِتِّينَ مُتَأَوَّلَةٌ عَلَيْهَا أَوْ حَصَلَ فِيهَا شَكٌّ، وَقَدْ أَنْكَرَ عُرْوَةُ عَلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَوْلَهُ: خَمْسٌ وَسِتُّونَ، وَنَسَبَهُ إِلَى الْغَلَطِ، وَأَنَّهُ لَمْ يُدْرِكْ أَوَّلَ النُّبُوَّةِ بِخِلَافِ الْبَاقِينَ. قُلْتُ: أَكْثَرُ الرُّوَاةِ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ حَكَوْا عَنْهُ رِوَايَةَ ثَلَاثٍ وَسِتِّينَ، فَالظَّاهِرُ أَنَّهُ إِنْ كَانَ قَالَ غَيْرَ ذَلِكَ فَقَدْ رَجَعَ إِلَى مَا عَلَيْهِ الْأَكْثَرُونَ، وَاللَّهُ تَعَالَى أَعْلَمُ. قَالَا: وَاتَّفَقُوا عَلَى أَنَّهُ ﷺ أَقَامَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ بَعْدَ الْهِجْرَةِ عَشْرَةَ سِنِينَ، وَبِمَكَّةَ قَبْلَ النُّبُوَّةِ أَرْبَعِينَ سَنَةً، وَإِنَّمَا الْخِلَافُ فِي قَدْرِ إِقَامَتِهِ بِمَكَّةَ بَعْدَ النُّبُوَّةِ وَقَبْلَ الْهِجْرَةِ، الصَّحِيحُ أَنَّهُ ثَلَاثَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً، فَيَكُونُ عُمْرُهُ ثَلَاثًا وَسِتِّينَ سَنَةً. قَالَ النَّوَوِيُّ: وَهَذَا الصَّوَابُ الْمَشْهُورُ الَّذِي أَطْبَقَ الْعُلَمَاءُ عَلَيْهِ. وَحَكَى الْقَاضِي عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ رِوَايَةً شَاذَّةً، أَنَّهُ بُعِثَ عَلَى رَأْسِ ثَلَاثٍ وَأَرْبَعِينَ سَنَةً وَالصَّوَابُ أَرْبَعُونَ كَمَا سَبَقَ.
Translation
✧ his age on the day he died ﷺ. They differed concerning his age on the day he died: Ibn ʿAbbās, ʿĀʾishah, Muʿāwiyah, and Ibn al-Musayyab said: His age was sixty-three years. Ibn ʿAbbās also said, as did Daghfal b. Ḥanẓalah: His age was sixty-five years. ʿUrwah b. al-Zubayr said: His age was sixty years. Muslim narrated from Anas ؓ that he said: “The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was taken in death at the age of sixty-three years, Abū Bakr was taken in death at the age of sixty-three years, and ʿUmar was taken in death at the age of sixty-three years.” Imām Aḥmad and the two Shaykhs narrated from Ibn ʿAbbās ؓ that “revelation descended upon the Messenger of Allah ﷺ when he was forty years old. He remained in Makkah for thirteen years receiving revelation, then he was commanded to emigrate, so he emigrated to Madinah and remained there for ten years, and he died at the age of sixty-three years.” The two Shaykhs narrated from ʿĀʾishah ؓ that she said: “The Messenger of Allah ﷺ died at the age of sixty-three.” Imām Aḥmad and Muslim narrated from ʿAmmār b. Abī ʿAmmār, who said: I said to Ibn ʿAbbās: “How old was the Messenger of Allah ﷺ on the day he died?” He said: “Do you think?” I said: “Yes.” He said: “Hold back forty. He was sent for it fifteen in Makkah, feeling safe and fearing, and ten of his emigration to Madinah.” Al-Ḥākim narrated in “al-Iklīl” from ʿAlī b. Zayd, from Yūsuf b. Mahrān, from Ibn ʿAbbās ؓ, who said: “The Messenger of Allah ﷺ died at the age of sixty-five.” Al-Bayhaqī said: Abū al-Ḥusayn b. Bishrān informed us, Abū ʿAmr b. al-Sammāk narrated to us, Ḥanbal b. Isḥāq narrated to us, Abū Maʿmar ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAmr narrated to us, ʿAbd al-Wārith narrated to us, Abū Ghālib al-Bāhilī narrated to us, saying: I said to Anas b. Mālik: “At the age of which men was the Messenger of Allah when he was sent?” He said: “He was forty years old.” He said: “Then what?” He said: “He was in Makkah for ten years, and in Madinah for ten years, so sixty years were completed for him on the day Allah, Mighty and Majestic, took him, and he was like the strongest, handsomest, most beautiful, and most fleshy of men.” Notes First: Ibn ʿAsākir and Imām al-Nawawī said: The saying that his age when he died was sixty-three years is the most correct and most well-known. Abū ʿUmar said: It is the correct one in our view. Ibn Saʿd said: It is the established one, if Allah Almighty wills. Al-Dhahabī said: It is the correct one that the verifying scholars have affirmed definitively. Second: Al-Ḥākim in “al-Iklīl” and al-Nawawī said: The scholars agreed that the most correct of the narrations is sixty-three years, and they interpreted the rest in accordance with that. The narration of sixty is restricted to the decades and omits the fractions. The narration of sixty-five is interpreted in accordance with it, or doubt occurred in it. ʿUrwah objected to Ibn ʿAbbās’s saying of sixty-five and attributed it to error, saying that he did not witness the beginning of prophethood, unlike the others. I say: Most of the narrators from Ibn ʿAbbās reported from him the narration of sixty-three, so it appears that if he said otherwise, he returned to what the majority held, and Allah Almighty knows best. They both said: They agreed that he ﷺ resided in Madinah after the emigration for ten years, and in Makkah before prophethood for forty years. The disagreement is only in the length of his stay in Makkah after prophethood and before the emigration. The correct view is that it was thirteen years, so his age would be sixty-three years. Al-Nawawī said: This is the correct and well-known view upon which the scholars have unanimously agreed. Al-Qāḍī related from Ibn ʿAbbās and Saʿīd b. al-Musayyab an anomalous narration that he was sent at the beginning of forty-three years, but the correct view is forty, as previously mentioned.
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No grade is recorded for this wording.