Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1769
The illness of the Prophet ﷺ and his death
فَصْلٌ فِي ذِكْرِ الْوَقْتِ الَّذِي تُوُفِّيَ فِيهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَمَبْلَغِ سِنِّهِ حَالَ وَفَاتِهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ: وَلَدُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ يَوْمَ الِاثْنَيْنِ، [وَاسْتُنْبِئَ يَوْمَ الِاثْنَيْنِ]، وَتُوُفِّيَ يَوْمَ الِاثْنَيْنِ، وَخَرَجَ مُهَاجِرًا مِنْ مَكَّةَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ يَوْمَ الِاثْنَيْنِ، وَقَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ يَوْمَ الِاثْنَيْنِ، وَرَفَعَ الْحَجَرَ الْأَسْوَدَ يَوْمَ الِاثْنَيْنِ". وَقَالَ غَيْرُهُ: بُعِثَ يَوْمَ الِاثْنَيْنِ، وَخَرَجَ مِنْ مَكَّةَ يَوْمَ الِاثْنَيْنِ. وقَالَ السُّهَيْلِيُّ وَابْنُ كَثِيرٍ وَالْحَافِظُ: لَا خِلَافَ أَنَّهُ ﷺ تُوُفِّيَ يَوْمَ الِاثْنَيْنِ فِي رَبِيعٍ الْأَوَّلِ. قَالَ ابْنُ عُقْبَةَ: حِينَ زَاغَتِ الشَّمْسُ. قَالَ فِي الْمَنْهَلِ: وَالْأَكْثَرُ عَلَى أَنَّهُ حِينَ اشْتَدَّ الضُّحَى. قَالَ الْأَكْثَرُ فِي الثَّانِي عَشَرَ مِنْهُ وَعِنْدَ ابْنِ عُقْبَةَ، وَاللَّيْثِ وَالْخَوَارِزْمِيِّ مِنْ هِلَالِ رَبِيعٍ الْأَوَّلِ. وَعِنْدَ أَبِي مِخْنَفٍ وَالْكَلْبِيِّ فِي ثَانِيهِ، وَجَزَمَ بِهِ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ طُرْخَانَ فِي «مَغَازِيهِ» وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ سَعْدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ، وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ عَسَاكِرَ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ وَعَنْ أَبِي نُعَيْمٍ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ دُكَيْنٍ وَرَجَّحَهُ السُّهَيْلِيُّ. وَعَلَى الْقَوْلَيْنِ يَتَنَزَّلُ مَا نَقَلَهُ الرَّافِعِيُّ أَنَّهُ عَاشَ بَعْدَ حِجَّتِهِ ثَمَانِينَ يَوْمًا. وَقِيلَ: إِحْدَى وَثَمَانِينَ، وَأَمَّا عَلَى مَا جَزَمَ بِهِ النَّوَوِيُّ فَيَكُونُ عَاشَ بَعْدَ حَجَّتِهِ تِسْعِينَ يَوْمًا، أَوْ إِحْدَى وَتِسْعِينَ يَوْمًا. واسْتَشْكَلَ السُّهَيْلِيُّ وَتَابَعَهُ غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ مَا عَلَيْهِ الْأَكْثَرُ مِنْ كَوْنِهِ مَاتَ يَوْمَ الِاثْنَيْنِ ثَانِيَ عَشَرَ رَبِيعٍ الْأَوَّلِ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُمُ اتَّفَقُوا عَلَى أَنَّ وَقْفَةَ عَرَفَةَ فِي حِجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ كَانَتْ يَوْمَ الْجُمْعَةِ، وَهُوَ التَّاسِعُ مِنْ ذِي الْحِجَّةِ، فَدَخَلَ ذِي الْحِجَّةِ يَوْمَ الْخَمِيسِ، فَكَانَ الْمُحَرَّمُ إِمَّا الْجُمْعَةُ وَإِمَّا السَّبْتُ، فَإِنْ كَانَ الْجُمُعَةُ فَقَدْ كَانَ صَفَرٌ إِمَّا السَّبْتُ وَإِمَّا الْأَحَدُ، وَإِنْ كَانَ السَّبْتُ فَقَدْ كَانَ رَبِيعٌ الْأَوَّلُ الْأَحَدَ أَوِ الِاثْنَيْنَ، وَكَيْفَمَا دَارَتِ الْحَالُ عَلَى هَذَا الْحِسَابِ فَلَمْ يَكُنِ الثَّانِي عَشَرَ مِنْ رَبِيعٍ الْأَوَّلِ بِوَجْهٍ. وَقَوْلُ أَبِي مِخْنَفٍ وَالْكَلْبِيِّ وَإِنْ كَانَ خِلَافَ [أَهْلِ] الْجُمْهُورِ، فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَبْعُدُ أَنْ كَانَتِ الثَّلَاثَةُ الْأَشْهُرُ الَّتِي قَبْلَهُ كُلُّهَا تِسْعَةً وَعِشْرِينَ فَتَدَبَّرْهُ، فَإِنَّهُ صَحِيحٌ. وَقَوْلُ ابْنِ عُقْبَةَ وَالْخَوَارِزْمِيِّ أَقْرَبُ فِي الْقِيَاسِ مِنْ قَوْلِ أَبِي مِخْنَفٍ وَمَنْ تَابَعَهُ. قَالَ ابْنُ كَثِيرٍ: وَقَدْ حَاوَلَ جَمَاعَةٌ الْجَوَابَ عَنْهُ، وَلَا يُمْكِنُ الْجَوَابُ عَنْهُ إِلَّا بِمَسْلَكٍ وَاحِدٍ، وَهُوَ اخْتِلَافُ الْمَطَالِعِ، بِأَنْ يَكُونَ أَهْلُ مَكَّةَ رَأَوْا هِلَالَ ذِي الْحِجَّةِ لَيْلَةَ الْخَمِيسِ، وَأَمَّا أَهْلُ الْمَدِينَةِ فَلَمْ يَرَوْهُ إِلَّا لَيْلَةَ الْجُمُعَةِ. وَيُؤَيِّدُ هَذَا قَوْلُ عَائِشَةَ وَغَيْرِهَا، خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِخَمْسٍ بَقِينَ مِنْ ذِي الْقِعْدَةِ، يَعْنِي: مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ إِلَى حِجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ [وَيَتَعَيَّنُ بِمَا ذَكَرْنَاهُ أَنَّهُ خَرَجَ يَوْمَ السَّبْتِ، وَلَيْسَ كَمَا زَعَمَ ابْنُ حَزْمٍ أَنَّهُ خَرَجَ يَوْمَ الْخَمِيسَ، لِأَنَّهُ قَدْ بَقِيَ أَكْثَرُ مِنْ خَمْسٍ بِلَا شَكٍّ، وَلَا جَائِزٍ أَنْ يَكُونَ خَرَجَ يَوْمَ الْجُمْعَةِ لِأَنَّ أَنَسًا قَالَ: صَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الظُّهْرَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ أَرْبَعًا وَالْعَصْرَ بِذِي الْحُلَيْفَةِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ فَتَعَيَّنَ أَنَّهُ خَرَجَ يَوْمَ السَّبْتِ لِخَمْسٍ بَقِينَ]. فَعَلَى هَذَا إِنَّمَا رَأَى أَهْلُ الْمَدِينَةِ هِلَالَ ذِي الْحِجَّةِ لَيْلَةَ الْجُمْعَةِ، وَإِذَا كَانَ هِلَالُ ذِي الْحِجَّةِ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ الْجُمْعَةَ، وَحُسِبَتِ الشُّهُورُ بَعْدَهُ كَوَامِلَ يَكُونُ أَوَّلُ رَبِيعٍ الْأَوَّلِ يَوْمَ الْخَمِيسِ، فَيَكُونُ ثَانِي عَشَرَ يَوْمَ الِاثْنَيْنِ، وَاللَّهُ تَعَالَى أَعْلَمُ.
Translation
✧ A section on mentioning the time at which the Messenger of Allah ﷺ died, and the extent of his age at the time of his death. From Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: The Prophet ﷺ was born on Monday, [and was made a prophet on Monday], and died on Monday, and went out as an emigrant from Makkah to Madinah on Monday, and arrived in Madinah on Monday, and raised the Black Stone on Monday. Others said: He was sent on Monday, and left Makkah on Monday. Al-Suhaylī, Ibn Kathīr, and al-Ḥāfiẓ said: There is no disagreement that he ﷺ died on Monday in Rabīʿ al-Awwal. Ibn ʿUqbah said: When the sun had declined. He said in al-Manhal: The majority hold that it was when the forenoon had become intense. The majority said: On the twelfth of it, and according to Ibn ʿUqbah, al-Layth, and al-Khawārizmī, from the new moon of Rabīʿ al-Awwal. According to Abū Mikhnaf and al-Kalbī, on its second; Sulyamān b. Ṭarkhān asserted this in his Maghāzī, Ibn Saʿd narrated it from Muḥammad b. Qays, and Ibn ʿAsākir narrated it from Saʿīd b. Ibrāhīm from al-Zuhrī and from Abū Nuʿaym al-Faḍl b. Dukayn, and al-Suhaylī deemed it preferable. On the two opinions rests what al-Rāfiʿī transmitted, that he lived after his Farewell Pilgrimage eighty days. It was also said: eighty-one. But according to what al-Nawawī asserted, he lived after his pilgrimage ninety days, or ninety-one days. Al-Suhaylī, followed by more than one, raised an objection to the majority's position that he died on Monday, the twelfth of Rabīʿ al-Awwal, since they agree that the standing at ʿArafah in the Farewell Pilgrimage was on Friday, the ninth of Dhū al-Ḥijjah; thus Dhū al-Ḥijjah began on Thursday. Al-Muḥarram was then either Friday or Saturday. If it was Friday, then Ṣafar was either Saturday or Sunday; if it was Saturday, then Rabīʿ al-Awwal was Sunday or Monday. However the calculation turns, the twelfth of Rabīʿ al-Awwal cannot be a Monday. The statement of Abū Mikhnaf and al-Kalbī, even though it differs from the majority [of scholars], is not far-fetched if the three months before it were all twenty-nine days; reflect on this, for it is sound. The statement of Ibn ʿUqbah and al-Khawārizmī is closer in reasoning than the statement of Abū Mikhnaf and his followers. Ibn Kathīr said: A group attempted to answer this, but it can only be answered in one way, namely the difference in moon sightings, such that the people of Makkah saw the new moon of Dhū al-Ḥijjah on Thursday night, while the people of Madinah did not see it until Friday night. This is supported by the statement of ʿĀʾishah and others: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ set out with five days remaining of Dhū al-Qaʿdah, meaning from Madinah for the Farewell Pilgrimage. [It is established by what we have mentioned that he departed on Saturday, not as Ibn Ḥazm claimed that he departed on Thursday, because there were certainly more than five days left, nor could he have departed on Friday, for Anas said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ prayed ẓuhr in Madinah as four and ʿaṣr at Dhū al-Ḥulayfah as two, so it is established that he departed on Saturday with five days remaining]. Thus the people of Madinah saw the new moon of Dhū al-Ḥijjah on Friday night, and if the new moon of Dhū al-Ḥijjah was on Friday for the people of Madinah, and the months after it were counted as full, then the first of Rabīʿ al-Awwal falls on Thursday, and the twelfth on Monday. And Allah Most High knows best.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.