Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1756
The illness of the Prophet ﷺ and his death
جَمْعِهِ ﷺ أَصْحَابَهُ فِي بَيْتِ عَائِشَةَ ؓ وَوَصَّيْتِهِ لَهُمْ رُوِيَ عَنْ مُرَّةَ عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ ؓ قَالَ: نَعَى إِلَيْنَا نَبِيُّنَا وَحَبِيبُنَا ﷺ نَفْسَهُ قَبْلَ مَوْتِهِ بِشَهْرٍ، فَلَمَّا دَنَا الْفِرَاقُ جَمَعَنَا فِي بَيْتِ أُمِّنَا عَائِشَةَ فَنَظَرَ إِلَيْنَا وَتَشَدَّدَ وَدَمَعَتْ عَيْنَاهُ، وَتَدَاوَمَ الْقَوْمُ وَنَظَرَ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ وَقَالَ: مَرْحَبًا بِكُمْ- حَيَّاكُمُ اللَّهُ رَحِمَكُمُ اللَّهُ آوَاكُمُ اللَّهُ قَبِلَكُمُ اللَّهُ أُوصِيكُمْ بِتَقْوَى اللَّهِ وَأُوصِي اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ بِكُمْ وَأَسْتَخْلِفُهُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَأُذَكِّرُكُمُ اللَّهَ وَأُشْهِدُكُمْ أَنِّي لَكُمْ مِنْهُ نَذِيرٌ وَبَشِيرٌ أَنْ لَا تَعْلُوا عَلَى اللَّهِ فِي عِبَادِهِ وَبِلَادِهِ فَإِنَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ قَالَ لِي وَلَكُمْ تِلْكَ الدَّارُ الآخِرَةُ نَجْعَلُهَا لِلَّذِينَ لا يُرِيدُونَ عُلُوًّا فِي الأَرْضِ وَلا فَسَادًا وَالْعَاقِبَةُ لِلْمُتَّقِينَ [الْقَصَصِ: 83] وَقَالَ: أَلَيْسَ فِي جَهَنَّمَ مَثْوًى لِلْمُتَكَبِّرِينَ [الزُّمَرِ: 60] قُلْنَا: مَتَى أَجَلُكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ؟ فَقَالَ: دَنَا الْأَجَلُ وَالْمُنْقَلَبُ إِلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَإِلَى سِدْرَةِ الْمُنْتَهَى، وَإِلَى جَنَّةِ الْمَأْوَى وَالْفِرْدَوْسِ الْأَعْلَى وَالْكَأْسِ الْأَوْفَى وَالْعَيْشِ وَالْحَظِّ الْمُهَنَّى قُلْنَا: فَمَنْ يُغَسِّلُكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ؟ قَالَ رِجَالٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ بَيْتِي الْأَدْنَى فَالْأَدْنَى. قُلْنَا: فَفِيمَ نُكَفِّنُكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ؟ قَالَ: فِي ثِيَابِي هَذِهِ إِنْ شِئْتُمْ، أَوْ فَى بَيَاضِ مِصْرَ أَوْ حُلَّةٍ يَمَانِيَةٍ. قُلْنَا: فَمَنْ يُصَلِّي عَلَيْكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ؟ قَالَ: فَبَكَى وَبَكَيْنَا فَقَالَ: «مَهْلًا غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ وَجَزَاكُمْ عَنْ نَبِيِّكُمْ خَيْرًا إِذَا أَنْتُمْ غَسَّلْتُمُونِي وَكَفَّنْتُمُونِي فَضَعُونِي عَلَى سَرِيرِي هَذَا عَلَى شَفِيرِ قَبْرِي مِنْ بَيْتِي هَذَا ثُمَّ اخْرُجُوا عَنِّي سَاعَةً، فَإِنَّ أَوَّلَ مَنْ يُصَلِّي عَلَيَّ خَلِيلِي وَحَبِيبِي جِبْرِيلُ، ثُمَّ مِيكَائِيلُ ثُمَّ إِسْرَافِيلُ، ثُمَّ مَلَكُ الْمَوْتِ مَعَهُ جُنُودُهُ بِأَجْمَعِهِمْ مَعَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ عَلَيْهِمُ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ، ثُمَّ ادْخُلُوا عَلَيَّ أَفْوَاجًا فَصَلُّوا عَلَيَّ وَسَلِّمُوا تَسْلِيمًا، وَلَا يَؤُمُّكُمْ أَحَدًا، وَلَا تُؤْذُونِي بِتَزْكِيَةٍ وَلَا بِضَجَّةٍ وَلَا بِرَنَّةٍ أَقْرِؤُوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ مِنِّي السَّلَامَ، وَمَنْ كَانَ غَائِبًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِي فَأَبْلِغُوهُ عَنِّي السَّلَامَ، وَأُشْهِدُكُمْ أَنِّي قَدْ سَلَّمْتُ عَلَى مَنْ دَخَلَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ وَمَنْ تَابَعَنِي عَلَى دِينِي إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ قُلْنَا: فَمَنْ يُدْخِلُكَ قَبْرَكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ؟ قَالَ: رِجَالٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ بَيْتِي، الْأَدْنَى فَالْأَدْنَى مَعَ مَلَائِكَةٍ كَثِيرٍ، يَرَوْنَكُمْ مِنْ حَيْثُ لَا تَرَوْنَهُمْ. وَرَوَى أَبُو الْحَسَنِ بْنُ الضَّحَّاكِ مِنْ طَرِيقِ سَيْفٍ عَنْ بِشْرِ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ فِي مَرَضِهِ الَّذِي تُوُفِّيَ فِيهِ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ: «اجْمَعْ لِي يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ الْأَرْبَعِينَ الَّذِينَ سَبَقُوا النَّاسَ إِلَى هَذَا الدِّينِ، وَأَوْدَعَ عُمَرُ مَعَهُمْ فَفَعَلَ، وَكَانَ قَبْلَ وَفَاتِهِ بِخَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ لَيْلَةً، فَخَلُصَ لَهُمْ وَدَعَا لَهُمْ، وَعَهَدَ عَهْدَهُ وَهُمْ شُهُودٌ، وَهِيَ آخِرُ وَصِيَّةٍ أَوْصَاهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ. وَرَوَى ابْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ وَأَبُو يَعْلَى وَالنَّسَائِيُّ فِي «الْكُبْرَى» عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ ؓ قَالَتْ: وَالَّذِي أَحْلِفُ بِهِ إِنْ كَانَ عَلِيٌّ لَأَقْرَبَ النَّاسِ عَهْدًا بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَتْ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ قُبِضَ فِي بَيْتِ عَائِشَةَ فَجَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ غَدَاةً بَعْدِ غَدَاةٍ يَقُولُ: جَاءَ عَلِيٌّ، مِرَارًا قَالَتْ فَاطِمَةُ: كَانَ بَعَثَهُ فِي حَاجَةٍ، فَخَرَجْنَا مِنَ الْبَيْتِ، فَقَعَدْنَا عِنْدَ الْبَيْتِ، فَكُنْتُ مِنْ أَدْنَاهُمْ إِلَى الْبَابِ فَأَكَبَّ عَلَيْهِ عَلِيٌّ فَجَعَلَ يُسَارُّهُ وَيُنَاجِيهِ حَتَّى قُبِضَ مِنْ يَوْمِهِ ذَلِكَ، فَكَانَ أَقْرَبَ النَّاسِ بِهِ عَهْدًا.
Translation
✧ His ﷺ gathering his companions in the house of ʿĀʾishah ؓ and his bequest to them It is related from Murrah, from Ibn Masʿūd ؓ, who said: Our Prophet and beloved ﷺ announced his own death to us a month before he died. When the parting drew near, he gathered us in the house of our mother ʿĀʾishah. He looked at us and grew intense, and his eyes welled with tears. The people continued on, and he looked at the ground and said: Welcome to you—may Allah grant you life, may Allah have mercy on you, may Allah shelter you, may Allah receive you. I enjoin upon you fear of Allah, and I commend you to Allah, Mighty and Majestic, and I appoint Him as successor over you. I remind you of Allah, and I call you to witness that I am to you from Him a warner and a bearer of good tidings: that you not exalt yourselves against Allah concerning His servants and His lands. For He, Mighty and Majestic, said to me and to you: “That is the Final Abode—We assign it to those who desire no exaltation in the earth nor corruption. And the outcome is for the God-fearing” [al-Qaṣaṣ: 83]. And He said: “Is there not in Hell a dwelling for the arrogant?” [al-Zumar: 60]. We said: When is your appointed time, O Messenger of Allah? He said: The appointed time and the return to Allah, Mighty and Majestic, have drawn near—and to the Lote Tree of the Utmost Boundary, and to the Garden of Refuge, and the Highest Paradise, and the fullest cup, and the life and fortune that are blissful. We said: Who will wash you, O Messenger of Allah? He said: Men of my household, the nearest then the next nearest. We said: In what shall we shroud you, O Messenger of Allah? He said: In these garments of mine, if you wish, or in white Egyptian cloth, or a Yemeni ḥullah. We said: Who will pray over you, O Messenger of Allah? He said: Then he wept, and we wept. He said: “Gently—may Allah forgive you and reward you well on behalf of your Prophet. When you have washed me and shrouded me, place me on this bier of mine at the edge of my grave from this house of mine. Then leave me for a while, for the first to pray over me will be my close friend and beloved Jibrīl, then Mīkāʾīl, then Isrāfīl, then the Angel of Death with all his hosts together with the angels, upon them be blessings and peace. Then enter upon me in groups and pray over me and greet me with greetings of peace. Let no one lead you in prayer over me, and do not harm me with praise or clamor or wailing. Convey peace to yourselves from me, and whoever of my companions is absent, convey to him peace from me. I call you to witness that I have greeted peace upon everyone who enters Islam and follows me in my religion until the Day of Resurrection.” We said: Who will place you in your grave, O Messenger of Allah? He said: Men of my household, the nearest then the next nearest, along with many angels who see you from where you do not see them. Abū al-Ḥasan b. al-Ḍaḥḥāk related by way of Sayf, from Bishr b. al-Faḍl, from his father, that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said during the illness in which he died to Abū Bakr: “Gather for me, O Abū Bakr, the forty who preceded the people to this religion, and ʿUmar was included among them.” He did so, and it was fifteen nights before his death. He was alone with them, supplicated for them, and made his covenant while they were witnesses. This was the last bequest the Messenger of Allah ﷺ made. Ibn Abī Shaybah, Abū Yaʿlā, and al-Nasāʾī in al-Kubrā related from Umm Salamah ؓ, who said: By the One by whom I swear, ʿAlī was indeed the closest of the people in covenant with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. She said: On the day the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was taken, he was in the house of ʿĀʾishah. Morning after morning, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ would say: Has ʿAlī come?—many times. Fāṭimah said: He had sent him on an errand. We went out of the house and sat near it. I was among those closest to the door. ʿAlī leaned over him and began speaking to him privately and conversing with him until he was taken on that very day. Thus he was the closest of the people to him in covenant.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.