Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1755
The illness of the Prophet ﷺ and his death
[ وَصِيَّةُ الرَّسُولِ بِالْأَنْصَارِ ] وَقَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ: وَحَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ يَوْمَ صَلَّى وَاسْتَغْفَرَ لِأَصْحَابِ أُحُدٍ، وَذَكَرَ مِنْ أَمْرِهِمْ مَا ذَكَرَ مَعَ مَقَالَتِهِ يَوْمئِذٍ: يَا مَعْشَرَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ، اسْتَوْصُوا بِالْأَنْصَارِ خَيْرًا، فَإِنَّ النَّاسَ يَزِيدُونَ، وَإِنَّ الْأَنْصَارَ عَلَى هَيْئَتِهَا لَا تَزِيدُ، وَإِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا عَيْبَتِي الَّتِي أَوَيْتُ إلَيْهَا، فَأَحْسِنُوا إلَى مُحْسِنِهِمْ، وَتَجَاوَزُوا عَنْ مُسِيئِهِمْ قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ: ثُمَّ نَزَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَدَخَلَ بَيْتَهُ وَتَتَامَّ بِهِ وَجَعُهُ، حَتَّى غُمِرَ. ورَوَى الْبُخَارِيُّ وَالْبَيْهَقِيُّ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ؓ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَرَجَ فِي مَرَضِهِ الَّذِي مَاتَ فِيهِ عَاصِبًا رَأْسَهُ بِعِصَابَةٍ دَسْمَاءَ مُلْتَحِفًا بِمِلْحَفَةٍ عَلَى مَنْكِبَيْهِ فَجَلَسَ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ، فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ، وَقَالَ: «أَمَّا بَعْدُ فَإِنَّ النَّاسَ يُكْثِرُونَ وَيَقِلُّ الْأَنْصَارُ حَتَّى يَكُونُوا فِي النَّاسِ مِثْلَ الْمِلْحِ فِي الطَّعَامِ، فَمَنْ وَلَّى مِنْكُمْ أَمْرًا يَضُرُّ بِهِ قَوْمًا وَيَنْفَعُ بِهِ آخَرِينَ فَلْيَقْبَلْ مِنْ مُحْسِنِهِمْ وَيَتَجَاوَزْ عَنْ مُسِيئَتِهِمْ» وَكَانَ آخِرَ مَجْلِسٍ جَلَسَهُ. وَرَوَى الْبُخَارِيُّ وَسَيْفُ بْنُ عُمَرَ فِي «الْفُتُوحِ» عَنْ أَنَسٍ ؓ أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ كَانَا يَوْمًا بِمَجْلِسٍ مِنْ مَجَالِسِ الْأَنْصَارِ وَهُمْ يَبْكُونَ فَقَالَا: مَا يُبْكِيكُمْ قَالُوا: ذَكَرْنَا مَجْلِسَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنَّا، فَدَخَلَ أَحَدُهُمَا عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَأَخْبَرَهُ بِذَلِكَ- وَعِنْدَ سَيْفٍ- أَنَّ الْأَنْصَارَ لَمَّا رَأَوْا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَزْدَادُ وَجَعًا طَافُوا بِالْمَسْجِدِ، فَدَخَلَ الْعَبَّاسُ فَأَعْلَمَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ بِمَكَانِهِمْ وَإِشْفَاقِهِمْ ثُمَّ دَخَلَ الْفَضْلُ فَأَعْلَمَهُ بِمِثْلِ ذَلِكَ ثُمَّ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ كَذَلِكَ، وَخَرَجَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، زَادَ سَيْفٌ: «مُتَوَكِّئًا عَلَى عَلِيٍّ وَالْفَضْلِ وَالْعَبَّاسِ، أَمَامَهُمْ قَدْ عَصَبَ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ حَاشِيَةَ بُرْدٍ- زَادَ سَيْفٌ: - يَخُطُّ الْأَرْضَ بِرِجْلِهِ فَصَعِدَ الْمِنْبَرَ وَلَمْ يَصْعَدْهُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ- زَادَ سَيْفٌ- أَنَّهُ جَلَسَ عَلَى أَسْفَلِ مِرَقَاةٍ مِنْهُ، وَثَارَ النَّاسُ إِلَيْهِ فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ- زَادَ سَيْفٌ- فَقَالَ: أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ بَلَغَنِي أَنَّكُمْ تَخَافُونَ مِنْ مَوْتِ نَبِيِّكُمْ قَبْلَكُمْ فَمَنْ بُعِثَ إِلَيْكُمْ فَأَخْلَدَ فِيكُمْ، أَلَا إِنِّي لَاحِقٌ بِرَبِّي وَإِنَّكُمْ لَاحِقُونَ بِهِ، فَأُوصِيكُمْ بِالْمُهَاجِرِينَ الْأَوَّلِينَ خَيْرًا وَأُوصِي الْمُهَاجِرِينَ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُمْ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ: وَالْعَصْرِ إِنَّ الإِنْسَانَ لَفِي خُسْرٍ [الْعَصْرِ: 1، 2] إِلَى آخِرِهَا، وَإِنَّ الْأُمُورَ تَجْرِي بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى وَلَا يَحْمِلَنَّكُمُ اسْتِبْطَاءُ أَمْرٍ عَلَى اسْتِعْجَالِهِ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ لَا يَعْجَلُ بِعَجَلَةِ أَحَدٍ وَمَنْ غَالَبَ اللَّهَ غَلَبَهُ وَمَنْ خَادَعَ اللَّهَ خَدَعَهُ فَهَلْ عَسَيْتُمْ إِنْ تَوَلَّيْتُمْ أَنْ تُفْسِدُوا فِي الأَرْضِ وَتُقَطِّعُوا أَرْحَامَكُمْ [مُحَمَّدٍ: 22] انْتَهَى. أُوصِيكُمْ بِالْأَنْصَارِ- وَزَادَ سَيْفٌ- خَيْرًا فَإِنَّهُمُ الَّذِينَ تَبَوَّأُوا الدَّارَ وَالْإِيمَانَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ، أَلَمْ يُشَاطِرُوكُمْ فِي الثِّمَارِ، أَلَمْ يُوَسِّعُوا لَكُمْ فِي الدِّيَارِ، أَلَمْ يُؤْثِرُوكُمْ عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِمْ وَبِهِمْ خَصَاصَةٌ، وَقَدْ قَضَوُا الَّذِي عَلَيْهِمْ وَبَقِيَ الَّذِي لَهُمْ- زَادَ سَيْفٌ- أَلَا فَمَنْ وَلِيَ أَنْ يَحْكُمَ بَيْنَ رَجُلَيْنِ فَلْيَقْبَلْ مِنْ مُحْسِنِهِمْ وَيَتَجَاوَزُ عَنْ مُسِيئِهِمْ وَفِي لَفْظٍ: فَأَقْبَلُوا مِنْ مُحْسِنِهِمْ وَتَجَاوَزُوا عَنْ مُسِيئَتِهِمْ. - زَادَ سَيْفٌ- وَلَا تَسْتَأْثِرُوا عَلَيْهِمْ، أَلَا وَإِنِّي فَرَطٌ لَكُمْ وَأَنْتُمْ لَاحِقُونَ بِي أَلَا وَإِنَّ مَوْعِدَكُمُ الْحَوْضُ فَمَنْ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يَرُدَّهُ غَدًا فَلْيَكْفُفْ لِسَانَهُ وَيَدَهُ أَلَا فِيمَا يَنْبَغِي يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّ الذُّنُوبَ تُغَيِّرُ النِّعَمَ وَتُبَدِّلُ الْقِسَمَ، فَإِذَا بَرَّ النَّاسُ بَرَّهُمْ وَإِذَا فَجَرَ النَّاسُ عَقَّهُمْ.
Translation
✧ [ The Messenger's testament concerning the Ansar ] Ibn Ishaq said: Al-Zuhri said: And ʿAbd Allah b. Kaʿb b. Malik narrated to me: That the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, on the day he prayed and sought forgiveness for the companions of Uhud, and mentioned of their affair what he mentioned along with his speech that day: "O company of the Muhajirun, enjoin good treatment of the Ansar, for people shall increase while the Ansar, upon their present state, shall not increase. They were my inner circle to whom I resorted, so be good to their virtuous and overlook their wrongdoers." ʿAbd Allah said: Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ descended and entered his house, and his pain intensified until he was overcome. Al-Bukhari and al-Bayhaqi narrated from Ibn ʿAbbas ؓ that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came out during the illness in which he died, his head bound with a greased band, wrapped in a mantle over his shoulders. He sat on the pulpit, praised Allah and extolled Him, and said: "Now then, people increase while the Ansar diminish until they become among people like salt in food. Whoever of you is given authority that harms one people and benefits others, let him accept from their virtuous and overlook their wrongdoers." That was the last gathering he sat. Al-Bukhari and Sayf b. ʿUmar in "Al-Futuh" narrated from Anas ؓ that Abu Bakr and ʿUmar were one day in a gathering of the gatherings of the Ansar while they were weeping. They said: "What makes you weep?" They said: "We remembered the gathering of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ among us." One of the two entered upon the Prophet ﷺ and informed him of that—and in Sayf's version—that when the Ansar saw the Messenger of Allah's ﷺ pain increasing, they encircled the mosque. Al-ʿAbbas entered and informed the Prophet ﷺ of their place and their anxiety, then al-Fadl entered and informed him likewise, then ʿAli b. Abi Talib entered upon him likewise, and the Prophet ﷺ came out—Sayf adds: "leaning on ʿAli, al-Fadl and al-ʿAbbas, before them, having bound on his head the edge of a cloak"—Sayf adds: "dragging his foot along the ground. He ascended the pulpit, and he did not ascend it after that day"—Sayf adds: "that he sat on the lowest step of it, and the people rushed to him. He praised Allah and extolled Him"—Sayf adds: "then he said: 'O people, it has reached me that you fear the death of your Prophet before you. Was any prophet sent to you who remained forever among you? Lo, I am going to meet my Lord, and you shall meet Him. I enjoin you to treat well the first Muhajirun, and I enjoin the Muhajirun concerning their mutual relations. For Allah, exalted is He, says: "By the declining day, surely man is in loss" [Al-ʿAsr: 1, 2] to the end of it. Matters run by Allah's permission, exalted is He. Let not the delay of a matter drive you to hasten it, for Allah, mighty and glorious is He, does not hasten because of anyone's haste. Whoever contends with Allah, He overcomes him; whoever deceives Allah, He deceives him. Would you then, if you turned away, work corruption in the land and sever your ties of kinship? [Muhammad: 22]' End. I enjoin you concerning the Ansar—Sayf adds: "with good, for they are the ones who adopted the abode and faith before you. Did they not share with you in the fruits? Did they not make room for you in the dwellings? Did they not prefer you over themselves, though poverty was their lot? They have fulfilled what was upon them, and what is for them remains"—Sayf adds: "Lo, whoever is given authority to judge between two men, let him accept from their virtuous and overlook their wrongdoers. In another wording: 'So accept from their virtuous and overlook their wrongdoers.'" - Sayf adds: "And do not monopolize things over them. Lo, I am your forerunner, and you shall join me. Lo, your tryst is the Pool. Whoever would like to come to it tomorrow, let him restrain his tongue and his hand except in what is right. O people, sins alter blessings and change apportionments. When people are dutiful, He is dutiful to them; when people are wicked, He is undutiful to them."
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.