Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1754
The illness of the Prophet ﷺ and his death
إِعْلَامِهِ ﷺ ابْنَتَهُ فَاطِمَةَ ؓ بِمَوْتِهِ رَوَى الْخَمْسَةُ وَالطَّبَرَانِيُّ وَابْنُ حِبَّانَ وَالْحَاكِمُ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ؓ قَالَتِ: اجْتَمَعَ نِسَاءُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَمْ يُغَادِرْ مِنْهُمُ امْرَأَةٌ فِي وَجَعِهِ الَّذِي مَاتَ فِيهِ وَمَا رَأَيْتُ أَحَدًا أَشْبَهَ سَمْتًا وَهَدْيًا وَدَلًّا بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي قِيَامِهَا وَقُعُودِهَا مِنْ فَاطِمَةَ، وَكَانَتْ إِذَا دَخَلَتْ عَلَيْهِ قَامَ إِلَيْهَا وَقَبَّلَهَا وَأَجْلَسَهَا فِي مَجْلِسِهِ، وَكَانَ إِذَا دَخَلَ عَلَيْهَا فَعَلَتْ ذَلِكَ، فَلَمَّا مَرِضَ جَاءَتْ تَمْشِي مَا تُخْطِئُ مِشْيَتُهَا مِشْيَةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: مَرْحَبًا يَا بِنْتِي فَأَجْلَسَهَا عَنْ يَمِينِهِ أَوْ عَنْ شِمَالِهِ فَأَكَبَّتْ عَلَيْهِ تُقَبِّلُهُ، فَسَارَّهَا بِشَيْءٍ، فَبَكَتْ، ثُمَّ سَارَّهَا فَضَحِكَتْ فَقُلْتُ: مَا رَأَيْتُ الْيَوْمَ فَرَحًا أَقْرَبَ مِنْ حُزْنٍ فَسَأَلْتُهَا عَنْ ذَلِكَ قُلْتُ لَهَا: مَا خَصَّكِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالسِّرَارِ وَتَبْكِينَ فَلَمَّا أَنْ قَامَتْ قُلْتُ لَهَا: أَخْبِرِينِي بِمَا سَارَّكِ ؟ قَالَتْ: مَا كُنْتُ لِأُفْشِيَ سِرَّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَلَمَّا أَنْ تُوُفِّيَ قُلْتُ لَهَا: أَسْأَلُكِ بِمَا لِي عَلَيْكِ مِنَ الْحَقِّ لَمَا أَخْبَرْتِينِي قَالَتْ: أَمَّا الْآنَ فَنَعَمْ: سَارَّنِي فَقَالَ: إِنَّ جِبْرِيلَ كَانَ يُعَارِضُنِي بِالْقُرْآنِ فِي كُلِّ سَنَةٍ مَرَّةً، وَإِنَّهُ عَارَضَنِي الْعَامَ مَرَّتَيْنِ، وَأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ نَبِيٌّ كَانَ بَعْدَهُ نَبِيٌّ إِلَّا عَاشَ بَعْدَهُ نِصْفَ عُمْرِ الَّذِي كَانَ قَبْلَهُ، وَلَا أَرَى ذَلِكَ إِلَّا اقْتَرَبَ أَجْلِي- وَفِي لَفْظٍ- فَقَالَتْ إِنَّهُ أَخْبَرَنِي أَنَّهُ يُقْبَضُ فِي وَجَعِهِ، فَاتَّقِي اللَّهَ وَاصْبِرِي، إِنَّ جِبْرِيلَ أَخْبَرَنِي أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ امْرَأَةٌ مِنْ نِسَاءِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَعْظَمَ رَزِنَةً مِنْكِ فَلَا تَكُونِي أَدْنَى امْرَأَةٍ مِنْهُنَّ صَبْرًا فَنِعْمَ السَّلَفُ أَنَا لَكِ فَبَكَيْتُ ثُمَّ سَارَّنِي فَقَالَ: أَمَا تَرْضَيْنَ أَنْ تَكُونِي سَيِّدَةَ نِسَاءِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، أَوْ سَيِّدَةَ نِسَاءِ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ- وَفِي لَفْظٍ- «أَخْبَرَنِي أَنِّي أَوَّلُ أَهْلِهِ لُحُوقًا بِهِ، فَضَحِكْتُ ضَحِكِي الَّذِي رَأَيْتِ». قَالَ الْحَافِظُ: اتَّفَقَتِ الرِّوَايَاتُ عَلَى أَنَّ الَّذِي سَارَّهَا بِهِ أَوَّلًا فَبَكَتْ هُوَ إِعْلَامُهُ إِيَّاهَا بِأَنَّهُ مَيِّتٌ فِي مَرَضِهِ ذَلِكَ، وَاخْتُلِفَ فِيمَا سَارَّهَا بِهِ فَضَحِكَتْ. فَفِي رِوَايَةِ عُرْوَةَ أَنَّهُ إِخْبَارُهُ إِيَّاهَا بِأَنَّهَا أَوَّلُ أَهْلِهِ لُحُوقًا بِهِ. وَفِي رِوَايَةِ مَسْرُوقٍ بِأَنَّهُ إِخْبَارُهُ إِيَّاهَا أَنَّهَا سَيِّدَةُ نِسَاءِ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ، وَجَعَلَ كَوْنَهَا أَوَّلَ أَهْلِهِ لُحُوقًا بِهِ مَضْمُومًا إِلَى الْأَوَّلِ وَهُوَ الرَّاجِحُ، وَيُحْتَمَلُ تَعَدُّدُ الْقَضِيَّةِ.
Translation
✧ His ﷺ informing his daughter Fāṭimah ؓ of his death The five, al-Ṭabarānī, Ibn Ḥibbān, and al-Ḥākim narrated from ʿĀʾishah ؓ that she said: The wives of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ gathered, not one of them remaining absent, during the illness in which he died. And I never saw anyone more resembling the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in manner, guidance, and bearing, in her standing and sitting, than Fāṭimah. When she entered upon him, he would rise to her, kiss her, and seat her in his place; and when he entered upon her, she would do that. When he fell ill, she came walking, her gait not differing from the gait of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. He said: "Welcome, my daughter," and seated her on his right or on his left. She leaned over him, kissing him, and he confided something to her, and she wept. Then he confided something to her, and she laughed. I said: "I have never seen joy closer to grief than today." I asked her about that, saying: "What did the Messenger of Allah ﷺ single you out for in secret, and you weep?" When she rose, I said to her: "Tell me what he confided to you." She said: "I would not divulge the secret of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ." When he died, I said to her: "I ask you by the right I have over you, that you tell me." She said: "Now, yes. He confided to me and said: 'Gabriel used to review the Qurʾān with me once every year, and this year he reviewed it with me twice. And there was no prophet after whom there was a prophet but that he lived after him half the lifespan of the one before him. And I do not think this but that my term has drawn near'—and in another wording—she said: 'He told me that he would be taken during his illness. So fear Allah and be patient. Gabriel told me that there is no woman among the women of the believers greater in weight than you, so do not be the least of them in patience. How excellent a predecessor I am for you.' So I wept. Then he confided to me and said: 'Are you not pleased to be the mistress of the women of the believers, or the mistress of the women of this community?'—and in another wording—'He told me that I would be the first of his household to join him, so I laughed the laugh that you saw.'" Al-Ḥāfiẓ said: The narrations agree that what he first confided to her, at which she wept, was his informing her that he would die in that illness of his. But they differ about what he confided to her at which she laughed. In the narration of ʿUrwah, it is his informing her that she would be the first of his household to join him. In the narration of Masrūq, it is his informing her that she is the mistress of the women of the people of Paradise, and he made her being the first of his household to join him joined to the first, and that is the preponderant view. And it is possible that the incident occurred more than once.
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