Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1736
A summary of the expeditions
الْبَابُ الثَّالِثُ وَالسِّتُّونَ فِي سَرِيَّةِ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنِ مُجَزِّزٍ الْمُدْلِجِيِّ ؓ إِلَى الْحَبَشَةِ قَالَ ابْنُ سَعْدٍ فِي شَهْرِ رَبِيعٍ الْآخِرِ [سَنَةَ تِسْعٍ] وَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْأَسْلَمِيُّ، وَالْحَاكِمُ: فِي صَفَرٍ. قَالَ ابْنُ سَعْدٍ: قَالُوا: بَلَغَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّ نَاسًا مِنَ الْحَبَشَةِ تَرَاءَاهُمْ أَهْلُ الشُّعَيْبَةِ فِي سَاحِلِ جُدَّةَ بِنَاحِيَةِ مَكَّةَ فِي مَرَاكِبَ. فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنِ مُجَزِّزٍ فِي ثَلَاثِمِائَةٍ فَانْتَهَى إِلَى جَزِيرَةٍ فِي الْبَحْرِ، وَقَدْ خَاضَ إِلَيْهِمْ فِي الْبَحْرِ فَهَرَبُوا مِنْهُ، فَلَمَّا رَجَعَ تَعَجَّلَ بَعْضُ الْقَوْمِ إِلَى أَهْلِيهِمْ فَأَذِنَ لَهُمْ. وَرَوَى ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ ؓ قَالَ: بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنَ مُجَزِّزٍ. قَالَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيُّ وَأَنَا فِيهِمْ حَتَّى إِذَا بَلَغْنَا رَأْسَ غَزَاتِنَا أَوْ كُنَّا بِبَعْضِ الطَّرِيقِ أَذِنَ لِطَائِفَةٍ مِنَ الْجَيْشِ وَاسْتَعْمَلَ عَلَيْهِمْ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ حُذَافَةَ السَّهْمِيَّ. وَكَانَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَكَانَتْ فِيهِ دُعَابَةٌ. فَنَزَلُوا بِبَعْضِ الطَّرِيقِ وَأَوْقَدُوا نَارًا يَصْطَلُونَ عَلَيْهَا وَيَصْطَنِعُونَ. فَقَالَ: عَزَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ إِلَّا تَوَاثَبْتُمْ فِي هَذِهِ النَّارِ. فَقَامَ بَعْضُهُمْ فَتَحَجَّزُوا حَتَّى ظَنَّ أَنَّهُمْ وَاثِبُونَ فِيهَا. فَقَالَ لَهُمْ: اجْلِسُوا إِنَّمَا كُنْتُ أَضْحَكُ مَعَكُمْ. فَذَكَرُوا ذَلِكَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: «مَنْ أَمَرَكُمْ بِمَعْصِيَةِ اللَّهِ فَلَا تُطِيعُوهُ». وَعَنْ عَلِيٍّ ؓ قَالَ: بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ سَرِيَّةً فَاسْتَعْمَلَ عَلَيْهِمْ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ وَأَمَرَهُمْ أَنْ يَسْمَعُوا لَهُ وَيُطِيعُوا فَأَغْضَبُوهُ فِي شَيْءٍ فَقَالَ: اجْمَعُوا لِي حَطَبًا، فَجَمَعُوا لَهُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: أَوْقِدُوا نَارًا. فَأَوْقَدُوا نَارًا ثُمَّ قَالَ: أَلَمْ يَأْمُرْكُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ تَسْمَعُوا لِي وَتُطِيعُوا ؟ قَالُوا: بَلَى. قَالَ: فَادْخُلُوهَا. فَنَظَرَ بَعْضُهُمْ إِلَى بَعْضٍ وَقَالُوا: إِنَّا فَرَرْنَا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنَ النَّارِ. فَكَانَ كَذَلِكَ حَتَّى سَكَنَ غَضَبُهُ، وَطُفِئَتِ النَّارُ. فَلَمَّا رَجَعُوا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ذَكَرُوا ذَلِكَ لَهُ فَقَالَ: «لَوْ دَخَلُوهَا مَا خَرَجُوا مِنْهَا أَبَدًا». وَقَالَ: «لَا طَاعَةَ فِي مَعْصِيَةِ اللَّهِ إِنَّمَا الطَّاعَةُ فِي الْمَعْرُوفِ» رَوَاهُ الشَّيْخَانِ. وَرَجَعَ عَلْقَمَةُ بْنُ مُجَزِّزٍ هُوَ وَأَصْحَابُهُ وَلَمْ يَلْقَ كَيْدًا. سبب آخر للغزوة قال ابن هشام رحمه الله تعالى: وَبَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنَ مُجَزِّزٍ. لَمَّا قُتِلَ وَقَّاصُ بْنُ مُجَزِّزٍ الْمُدْلِجِيَّ يَوْمَ ذِي قَرَدَ، سَأَلَ عَلْقَمَةُ بْنُ مُجَزِّزٍ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ يَبْعَثَهُ فِي آثَارِ الْقَوْمِ، لِيَدْرِكَ ثَأْرَهُ فِيهِمْ. فائدة قال ابن القيم رحمه الله تعالى: فَهَذَا فِيهِ أَنَّ الْأَمِيرَ كَانَ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ، وَأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ هُوَ الَّذِي أَمَّرَهُ، وَأَنَّ الْغَضَبَ حَمَلَهُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ. وَقَدْ رَوَى الْإِمَامُ أحمد فِي " مُسْنَدِهِ " عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: ( أَطِيعُوا اللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُوا الرَّسُولَ وَأُولِي الْأَمْرِ مِنْكُمْ ) [ النِّسَاءِ: 99 ] قَالَ: نَزَلَتْ فِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ حُذَافَةَ بْنِ قَيْسِ بْنِ عَدِيٍّ، بَعَثَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي سَرِيَّةٍ، فَإِمَّا أَنْ يَكُونَا وَاقِعَتَيْنِ، أَوْ يَكُونَ حَدِيثُ علي هُوَ الْمَحْفُوظُ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.
Translation
✧ The sixty-third chapter: On the expedition of ʿAlqamah b. Mujazziz al-Mudlijī ؓ to Abyssinia Ibn Saʿd said: in the month of Rabīʿ al-Ākhir [in the year nine]. Muḥammad b. ʿUmar al-Aslamī and al-Ḥākim said: in Ṣafar. Ibn Saʿd said: They said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ learned that some people from Abyssinia had been sighted by the people of al-Shuʿaybah on the coast of Jeddah near Makkah in ships. So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent ʿAlqamah b. Mujazziz against them with three hundred men. He reached an island in the sea, having waded through the sea toward them, but they fled from him. When he returned, some of the people hastened to their families, and he gave them permission. Ibn Isḥāq narrated from Abū Saʿīd al-Khudrī ؓ, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent ʿAlqamah b. Mujazziz. Abū Saʿīd al-Khudrī said: I was among them. When we reached the head of our expedition or were on part of the road, he gave permission to a group of the army to leave and appointed over them ʿAbd Allāh b. Ḥudhāfah al-Sahmī. He was one of the companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and had a sense of humor. They stopped on part of the road and lit a fire to warm themselves and cook. He said: I adjure you, unless you leap into this fire. Some of them rose and girded themselves until he thought they were about to leap into it. He said to them: Sit down; I was only joking with you. They mentioned that to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. He said: "Whoever commands you to disobey Allah, do not obey him." From ʿAlī ؓ, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent an expedition and appointed over them a man from the Anṣār, and ordered them to listen to him and obey him. They angered him over something, and he said: Gather firewood for me. They gathered it for him. Then he said: Kindle a fire. They kindled a fire. Then he said: Did not the Messenger of Allah ﷺ command you to listen to me and obey me? They said: Yes. He said: Then enter it. They looked at one another and said: We fled to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ from the Fire. It remained thus until his anger subsided and the fire was extinguished. When they returned to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, they mentioned that to him. He said: "Had they entered it, they would never have come out of it forever." And he said: "There is no obedience in disobedience to Allah; obedience is only in what is good." Narrated by al-Bukhārī and Muslim. ʿAlqamah b. Mujazziz and his companions returned without encountering any harm. Another reason for the expedition: Ibn Hishām, may Allah Almighty have mercy on him, said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent ʿAlqamah b. Mujazziz. When Waqqāṣ b. Mujazziz al-Mudlijī was killed on the day of Dhū Qarad, ʿAlqamah b. Mujazziz asked the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to send him in pursuit of the people, so that he might exact his revenge upon them. Benefit: Ibn al-Qayyim, may Allah Almighty have mercy on him, said: This indicates that the commander was from the Anṣār, that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was the one who appointed him, and that anger drove him to that. Imam Aḥmad narrated in his Musnad from Ibn ʿAbbās regarding the Almighty's saying: (Obey Allah and obey the Messenger and those in authority among you) [al-Nisāʾ: 59]: He said: It was revealed concerning ʿAbd Allāh b. Ḥudhāfah b. Qays b. ʿAdī, whom the Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent on an expedition. Either there were two incidents, or the ḥadīth of ʿAlī is the preserved one, and Allah knows best.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.