Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1735
A summary of the expeditions
الْبَابُ السَّابِعَ عَشَرَ فِي سَرِيَّةِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَسْلَمَةَ ؓ إِلَى الْقُرْطَاءِ [وَهِيَ بُطُونٌ مِنْ بَنِي بَكْرٍ مِنْ قَيْسِ عَيْلَانَ] وَكَانُوا يَنْزِلُونَ الْبَكْرَاتِ بِنَاحِيَةٍ ضَرِيَّةٍ، عَلَى رَأْسِ تِسْعَةٍ وَخَمْسِينَ شَهْرًا مِنَ الْهِجْرَةِ. رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَبْنِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مَحْمُودٍ قَالَ: قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ: خَرَجْتُ لِعَشْرِ لَيَالٍ خَلَوْنَ مِنَ الْمُحَرَّمِ فَغِبْتُ عِشْرِينَ لَيْلَةً إِلَّا لَيْلَةً وَقَدِمْتُ الْمَدِينَةَ لِلَيْلَةٍ بَقِيَتْ مِنَ الْمُحَرَّمِ. وَرَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ عَنْ شُيُوخِهِ، وَابْنُ عَائِذٍ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بُعِثَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ فِي ثَلَاثِينَ رَجُلًا رُكْبَانًا، فِيهِمْ عَبَّادُ بْنُ بِشْرٍ، وَسَلِمَةُ بْنُ سَلَامَةَ بْنِ وَقَشٍ، وَالْحَارِثُ بْنُ خُزَيْمَةَ إِلَى بَنِي بَكْرِ بْنِ كِلَابٍ، وَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَسِيرَ اللَّيْلَ وَيَكْمُنَ النَّهَارَ، وَأَنْ يَشُنَّ الْغَارَةَ عَلَيْهِمْ حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ بِالشَّرْبَةِ لَقِيَ ظَعْنًا فَأَرْسَلَ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ يَسْأَلُ: مَنْ هُمْ ؟ فَذَهَبَ الرَّجُلُ ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إِلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ: قَوْمٌ مِنْ مُحَارِبٍ. فَنَزَلُوا قَرِيبًا مِنْهُ وَحَلُّوا وَرَوَّحُوا مَاشِيَتَهُمْ فَأَمْهَلَهُمْ حَتَّى إِذَا عَطَّنُوا أَغَارَ عَلَيْهِمْ، فَقَتَلَ نَفَرًا مِنْهُمْ وَهَرَبَ سَائِرُهُمْ، فَلَمْ يَطْلُبْ مَنْ هَرَبَ وَاسْتَاقَ نَعَمًا وَشَاءً وَلَمْ يَتَعَرَّضْ لِلظَّعْنِ. ثُمَّ انْطَلَقَ حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ بِمَوْضِعٍ يُطْلِعُهُ عَلَى بَنِي بَكْرٍ بَعْثِ عَائِذِ بْنِ بُسْرٍ إِلَيْهِمْ، فَأَوْفَى عَلَى الْحَاضِرِ فَأَقَامَ. وَخَرَجَ مُحَمَّدٌ فِي أَصْحَابِهِ فَشَنَّ عَلَيْهِمُ الْغَارَةَ فَقَتَلَ مِنْهُمْ عَشْرَةً وَاسْتَاقُوا النَّعَمَ وَالشَّاءَ، ثُمَّ انْحَدَرَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ فَمَا أَصْبَحَ إِلَّا بِضَرِيَّةٍ مَسِيرَةَ لَيْلَةٍ أَوْ لَيْلَتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ حَدَرَ بِالنَّعَمِ وَخَافَ الطَّلَبَ فَطَرَدَ الشَّاءَ أَشَدَّ الطَّرْدِ، فَكَانَتْ تَجْرِي مَعَهُمْ كَأَنَّهَا الْخَيْلُ حَتَّى بَلَّغَ الْعَدَّاسَةَ فَأَبْطَأَ عَلَيْهِمُ الشَّاءُ بِالرِّبْذَةِ فَخَلَّفَهُ مَعَ نَفَرٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ وَطَرَدَ النَّعَمَ، فَقَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَوَصَلَ بَعْدَهُ الشَّاءُ؛ فَخَمَّسَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَا جَاءَ بِهِ ثُمَّ فَضَّ عَلَى أَصْحَابِهِ مَا بَقِيَ، فَعَدَلُوا الْجَزُورَ بِعَشْرٍ مِنَ الْغَنَمِ. وَذَكَرَ الْبَلَاذُرِيُّ وَالْحَاكِمُ أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ فِي الْمُحَرَّمِ سَنَةَ سِتٍّ وَأَنَّ ثُمَامَةَ بْنَ أُثَالٍ الْحَنَفِيَّ أُخِذَ فِيهَا، وَذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ إِسْلَامِهِ. رَوَى الشَّيْخَانِ وَالْبُخَارِيُّ مُخْتَصَرًا وَمُسْلِمٌ مُطَوَّلًا وَابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ؓ: «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَعَثَ خَيْلًا قِبَلَ نَجْدٍ، فَجَاءَتْ بِرَجُلٍ مِنْ بَنِي حَنِيفَةَ يُقَالُ لَهُ ثُمَامَةُ بْنُ أُثَالٍ سَيِّدُ أَهْلِ الْيَمَامَةِ وَلَا يَشْعُرُونَ مَنْ هُوَ حَتَّى أَتَوْا بِهِ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: «أَتَدْرُونَ مَنْ أَخَذْتُمْ ؟ هَذَا ثُمَامَةُ بْنُ أُثَالٍ الْحَنَفِيُّ، أَحْسِنُوا إِسَارَهُ». فَرَبَطُوهُ بِسَارِيَةٍ مِنْ سَوَارِي الْمَسْجِدِ». وَرَوَى الْبَيْهَقِيُّ عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ أَنَّ ثُمَامَةَ كَانَ رَسُولَ مُسَيْلِمَةَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ وَأَرَادَ اغْتِيَالَهُ، فَدَعَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ رَبَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى أَنْ يُمَكِّنَهُ مِنْهُ، فَدَخَلَ الْمَدِينَةَ مُعْتَمِرًا وَهُوَ مُشْرِكٌ فَدَخَلَ الْمَدِينَةَ حَتَّى تَحَيَّرَ فِيهَا فَأُخِذَ، انْتَهَى. وَرَجَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ فَقَالَ: «اجْمَعُوا مَا كَانَ عِنْدَكُمْ مِنْ طَعَامٍ فَابْعَثُوا بِهِ إِلَيْهِ». وَأَمَرَ بِلِقْحَتِهِ أَنْ يُغَدَّى عَلَيْهِ بِهَا وَبِرَاحٍ، فُجِعَ. لَا يَقَعُ مِنْ ثُمَامَةَ مَوْقِعًا وَيَأْتِيهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَيَقُولُ: «مَا عِنْدَكَ يَا ثُمَامَةُ ؟ » فَيَقُولُ: «عِنْدِي خَيْرٌ يَا مُحَمَّدُ». وَفِي لَفْظٍ: «أَسْلِمْ يَا ثُمَامَةُ». فَيَقُولُ: «أَيْهًا يَا مُحَمَّدُ، إِنْ تَقْتُلْ تَقْتُلْ ذَا دَمٍ، وَإِنَّ تُنْعِمْ تُنْعِمْ عَلَى شَاكِرٍ، وَإِنْ تُرِدِ الْفِدَاءَ فَسَلْ مِنْهُ مَا شِئْتَ». فَتَرَكَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ الْغَدُ، فَقَالَ: «مَا عِنْدَكَ يَا ثُمَامَةُ ؟ » قَالَ: عِنْدِي مَا قُلْتُ لَكَ. وَذَكَرَ مِثْلَهُ: فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَطْلِقُوا ثُمَامَةَ» فَأَطْلَقُوهُ فَانْطَلَقَ إِلَى نَخْلٍ قَرِيبٍ مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ، فَاغْتَسَلَ ثُمَّ دَخَلَ الْمَسْجِدَ، فَقَالَ: «أَشْهَدُ أَلَّا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ، يَا مُحَمَّدُ وَاللَّهِ مَا كَانَ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ وَجْهٌ أَبْغَضُ إِلَيَّ مِنْ وَجْهِكَ فَقَدْ أَصْبَحَ وَجْهُكَ أَحَبَّ الْوُجُوهِ كُلِّهَا إِلَيَّ، وَاللَّهِ مَا كَانَ مِنْ دِينٍ أَبْغَضُ إِلَيَّ مِنْ دِينِكَ فَأَصْبَحَ دِينُكَ أَحَبَّ الدِّينِ كُلِّهِ إِلَيَّ، وَاللَّهِ مَا كَانَ مِنْ بَلَدٍ أَبْغَضُ إِلَيَّ مِنْ بَلَدِكَ فَأَصْبَحَ بَلَدُكَ أَحَبَّ الْبِلَادِ كُلِّهَا إِلَيَّ، وَإِنَّ خَيْلَكَ أَخَذَتْنِي وَأَنَا أُرِيدُ الْعُمْرَةَ فَمَاذَا تَرَى ؟ » فَبَشَّرَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَعْتَمِرَ. فَلَمَّا أَسْلَمَ جَاءُوهُ بِمَا كَانُوا يَأْتُونَهُ بِهِ مِنَ الطَّعَامِ وَبِاللِّقْحَةِ فَلَمْ يُصِبْ مِنْ حِلَابِهَا إِلَّا يَسِيرًا، فَعَجِبَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ [حِينَ بَلَغَهُ ذَلِكَ]: «مِمَّ تَعْجَبُونَ ؟ أَمِنْ رَجُلٍ أَكَلَ أَوَّلَ النَّهَارِ فِي مِعَى كَافِرٍ وَأَكَلَ فِي آخِرِ النَّهَارِ فِي مِعَى مُسْلِمٍ ؟ إِنَّ الْكَافِرَ يَأْكُلُ فِي سَبْعَةِ أَمْعَاءٍ وَإِنَّ الْمُسْلِمَ يَأْكُلُ فِي مِعًى وَاحِدٍ». قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: فَبَلَغَنِي أَنَّهُ خَرَجَ مُعْتَمِرًا حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ بِبَطْنِ مَكَّةَ لَبَّى؛ فَكَانَ أَوَّلَ مَنْ دَخَلَ مَكَّةَ يُلَبِّي. فَأَخَذَتْهُ قُرَيْشٌ فَقَالُوا: لَقَدِ اجْتَرَأْتَ عَلَيْنَا. فَلَمَّا قَدَّمُوهُ لِيَضْرِبُوا عُنُقَهُ؛ قَالَ قَائِلٌ مِنْهُمْ: دَعُوهُ فَإِنَّكُمْ تَحْتَاجُونَ إِلَى الْيَمَامَةِ لِطَعَامِكُمْ فَخَلُّوهُ. فَقَالَ الْحَنَفِيُّ فِي ذَلِكَ: وَمِنَّا الَّذِي لَبَّى بِمَكَّةَ مُعْلِنًا بِرَغْمِ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ فِي الْأَشْهُرِ الْحُرُمِ وَقَالُوا: أَصَبَوْتَ يَا ثُمَامَةُ ؟ فَقَالَ: لَا، وَلَكِنِّي أَسْلَمْتُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ اتَّبَعْتُ خَيْرَ دِينٍ، دِينَ مُحَمَّدٍ وَوَاللَّهِ لَا تَصِلُ إِلَيْكُمْ مِنَ الْيَمَامَةِ حَبَّةُ حِنْطَةٍ حَتَّى يَأْذَنَ فِيهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ. ثُمَّ خَرَجَ إِلَى الْيَمَامَةِ فَمَنَعَهُمْ أَنْ يَحْمِلُوا مِنْهَا شَيْئًا إِلَى مَكَّةَ حَتَّى أَكَلَتْ قُرَيْشٌ الْعِلْهَزَ. فَجَاءَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ قَالَ: «أَلَسْتَ تَزْعُمُ أَنَّكَ بُعِثْتَ رَحْمَةً لِلْعَالَمِينَ ؟ » قَالَ: «بَلَى». قَالَ: «فَقَدْ قَتَلْتَ الْآبَاءَ بِالسَّيْفِ وَالْأَبْنَاءَ بِالْجُوعِ». وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: فَكَتَبُوا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنَّكَ تَأْمُرُ بِصِلَةِ الرَّحِمِ وَإِنَّكَ قَدْ قَطَعْتَ أَرْحَامَنَا». فَكَتَبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَيْهِ أَنْ يُخَلِّيَ بَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ الْحَمْلِ، وَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: وَلَقَدْ أَخَذْنَاهُمْ بِالْعَذَابِ فَمَا اسْتَكَانُوا لِرَبِّهِمْ وَمَا يَتَضَرَّعُونَ [الْمُؤْمِنُونَ 76].
Translation
✧ The seventeenth chapter: On the expedition of Muḥammad b. Maslamah ؓ to al-Qurṭāʾ [They are sub-tribes of Banū Bakr from Qays ʿAylān] and they used to camp at al-Bakarāt in the vicinity of Ḍariyyah, at the beginning of the fifty-ninth month after the Hijrah. Muḥammad b. ʿUmar b. Jaʿfar b. Maḥmūd related, saying: Muḥammad b. Maslamah said: I set out when ten nights of al-Muḥarram had passed, and I was absent twenty nights less one, and I arrived in Madinah on the night that remained of al-Muḥarram. Muḥammad b. ʿUmar related from his shaykhs, and Ibn ʿĀʾidh from ʿUrwah, that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent Muḥammad b. Maslamah with thirty mounted men, among them ʿAbbād b. Bishr, Salamah b. Salāmah b. Waqash, and al-Ḥārith b. Khuzaymah, to Banū Bakr b. Kilāb, and commanded him to travel by night and lie hidden by day, and to launch a raid upon them. When he was at al-Sharbah, he encountered a caravan of women and dependents, so he sent one of his companions to ask: Who are they? The man went and then returned to him, and said: A people from Muḥārib. They halted near him and unloaded, and drove their livestock to water, so he gave them respite until they brought their camels to kneel at the watering place; then he raided them, killing a number of them while the rest fled, and he did not pursue those who fled, but drove off camels and sheep and did not interfere with the caravan. Then he went on until he reached a spot that overlooked Banū Bakr; he sent ʿĀʾidh b. Busr to them, and he got up onto high ground overlooking the encampment and stayed there. Muḥammad went out with his companions and launched the raid upon them, killing ten of them and driving off the camels and sheep. Then he descended toward Madinah, and by morning he was at Ḍariyyah, a night's journey or two away. Then he drove the camels down, and fearing pursuit he drove the sheep most violently, so that they ran with them as if they were horses until he reached al-ʿAddāsah. The sheep lagged behind them at al-Rabadhah, so he left them with a few of his companions and drove the camels on, and arrived in Madinah to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and the sheep arrived after him. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ took one-fifth of what he brought, then distributed to his companions what remained, and they valued a camel as equal to ten sheep. Al-Balādhurī and al-Ḥākim mentioned that this was in al-Muḥarram of the year six, and that Thumāmah b. Uthāl al-Ḥanafī was captured in it, and they mentioned the ḥadīth of his conversion to Islam. The two Shaykhs related, al-Bukhārī in abbreviated form and Muslim in extended form, and Ibn Isḥāq from Abū Hurayrah ؓ: "That the Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent cavalry toward Najd, and it came with a man of Banū Ḥanīfah called Thumāmah b. Uthāl, chief of the people of al-Yamāmah, and they did not know who he was until they brought him to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. He said: 'Do you know whom you have captured? This is Thumāmah b. Uthāl al-Ḥanafī. Treat him well in his captivity.' So they tied him to one of the pillars of the mosque." Al-Bayhaqī related from Ibn Isḥāq that Thumāmah had previously been the envoy of Musaylimah to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and had intended to assassinate him. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ supplicated to his Lord, Blessed and Exalted, to give him power over him, and he entered Madinah as a pilgrim while he was a polytheist, and entered Madinah and became bewildered in it, so he was captured. End. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ returned to his family and said: "Gather whatever food you have and send it to him." He ordered that his milch-camel be brought to him morning and evening, but it did not appeal to Thumāmah. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ would come to him and say: "What is with you, O Thumāmah?" He would say: "With me is good, O Muḥammad." In another wording: "Become Muslim, O Thumāmah." He would say: "Indeed, O Muḥammad, if you kill, you kill one whose blood is protected; if you show favor, you show favor to a grateful man; and if you want ransom, ask of it whatever you wish." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ left him until the next day, then said: "What is with you, O Thumāmah?" He said: "With me is what I told you." And he mentioned the like of it. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Release Thumāmah." So they released him, and he went to some palm trees near the mosque, performed ghusl, then entered the mosque and said: "I bear witness that there is no god but Allah, and I bear witness that Muḥammad is His servant and Messenger. O Muḥammad, by Allah, there was no face on earth more hateful to me than your face, and now your face has become the most beloved of all faces to me. By Allah, there was no religion more hateful to me than your religion, and now your religion has become the most beloved of all religions to me. By Allah, there was no land more hateful to me than your land, and now your land has become the most beloved of all lands to me. Your cavalry captured me while I intended ʿumrah, so what do you think?" The Messenger of Allah ﷺ gave him glad tidings and told him to perform ʿumrah. When he became Muslim, they brought him what they had been bringing of food and the milch-camel, but he got only a little of its milk, and the Muslims marveled at that. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said [when that reached him]: "Why do you marvel? Is it not the case that a man ate at the beginning of the day in the intestines of a disbeliever and ate at the end of the day in the intestines of a Muslim? The disbeliever eats in seven intestines, and the Muslim eats in one intestine." Ibn Hishām, may Allah Almighty have mercy on him, said: It reached me that he went out to perform ʿumrah, and when he was in the interior of Makkah he raised the talbiyah; thus he was the first to enter Makkah raising the talbiyah. Quraysh seized him and said: "You have become bold toward us." When they brought him forward to strike his neck, one of them said: "Leave him, for you need al-Yamāmah for your food." So they released him. The Ḥanafī said about that: And among us is the one who raised the talbiyah in Makkah openly In spite of Abū Sufyān during the sacred months. They said: Have you apostatized, O Thumāmah? He said: No, but I became Muslim with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ; I followed the best religion, the religion of Muḥammad. By Allah, not a grain of wheat will reach you from al-Yamāmah until the Messenger of Allah ﷺ permits it. Then he went out to al-Yamāmah and prevented them from carrying anything from it to Makkah, until Quraysh ate al-ʿilhiz. Abū Sufyān came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and in one narration he said: "Do you not claim that you were sent as a mercy to the worlds?" He said: "Yes." He said: "You have killed the fathers with the sword and the sons with hunger." In another narration: They wrote to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ: "You enjoin maintaining ties of kinship, yet you have severed our ties of kinship." So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ wrote to him to let them alone to transport grain, and Allah, Mighty and Majestic, revealed: And We seized them with punishment, but they humbled not themselves to their Lord, nor did they entreat Him [Al-Muʾminūn 76].
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.