Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1734
A summary of the expeditions
الْبَابُ التَّاسِعُ فِي بَعْثِ عُمَيْرِ بْنِ عَدِيٍّ الْخَطْمِيِّ ؓ لِخَمْسِ لَيَالٍ بَقِينَ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ مِنَ السَّنَةِ الثَّانِيَةِ إِلَى عَصْمَاءَ بِنْتِ مَرْوَانَ مِنْ بَنِي أُمَيَّةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، زَوْجَةِ يَزِيدَ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ حِصْنٍ الْخَطْمِيِّ، وَكَانَتْ تَعِيبُ الْإِسْلَامَ وَتُؤْذِي رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَتُحَرِّضُ عَلَيْهِ وَتَعِيبُ الْإِسْلَامَ وَتَقُولُ الشِّعْرَ وَكَانَتْ تَطْرَحُ الْمَحَايِضَ فِي مَسْجِدِ بَنِي خَطْمَةَ. فَأَهْدَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ دَمَهَا فَنَذَرَ عُمَيْرُ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ لَئِنْ رَجَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ بَدْرٍ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ لَيَقْتُلَنَّهَا، فَلَمَّا رَجَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ بَدْرٍ، جَاءَ عُمَيْرٌ لَيْلًا حَتَّى دَخَلَ عَلَيْهَا بَيْتُهَا، وَحَوْلَهَا نَفَرٌ مِنْ وَلَدِهَا نِيَامٌ، مِنْهُمْ مَنْ تُرْضِعُهُ فِي صَدْرِهَا، فَجَسَّهَا بِيَدِهِ وَكَانَ ضَرِيرَ الْبَصَرِ، فَنَحَّى الصَّبِيَّ عَنْهَا، وَوَضَعَ سَيْفَهُ عَلَى صَدْرِهَا حَتَّى أَنْفَذَهُ مِنْ ظَهْرِهَا. وَرَوَى ابْنُ عَسَاكِرَ فِي تَرْجَمَةِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ الْبَلْخِيِّ، مِنْ تَارِيخِهِ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ؓ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «أَلَا رَجُلٌ يَكْفِنَا هَذِهِ». فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ قَوْمِهَا: أَنَا، فَأَتَاهَا وَكَانَتْ تَمَّارَةً. فَقَالَ لَهَا: أَعِنْدَكِ أَجْوَدُ مِنْ هَذَا التَّمْرِ ؟ قَالَتْ: نَعَمْ، «فَدَخَلَتْ إِلَى بَيْتٍ لَهَا، وَانْكَبَّتْ لِتَأْخُذَ شَيْئًا؛ فَالْتَفَتُّ يَمِينًا وَشِمَالًا فَلَمْ أَرَ أَحَدًا، فَضَرَبْتُ رَأْسَهَا حَتَّى قَتَلْتُهَا». انْتَهَى. ثُمَّ أَتَى الْمَسْجِدَ فَصَلَّى الصُّبْحَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفَ نَظَرَ إِلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَقَالَ: «أَقَتَلْتَ ابْنَةَ مَرْوَانَ ؟ » قَالَ: نَعَمْ؛ فَهَلْ عَلَيَّ فِي ذَلِكَ شَيْءٌ ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَا يَنْتَطِحُ فِيهَا عَنْزَانِ» فَكَانَتْ هَذِهِ الْكَلِمَةُ أَوَّلَ مَا سَمِعْتُ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِأَصْحَابِهِ: «إِذَا أَحْبَبْتُمْ أَنْ تَنْظُرُوا إِلَى رَجُلٍ نَصَرَ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَرَسُولَهُ فَانْظُرُوا إِلَى عُمَيْرِ بْنِ عَدِيٍّ». فَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ: «انْظُرُوا إِلَى هَذَا الْأَعْمَى الَّذِي يَسْرِي فِي طَاعَةِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى». فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَا تَقُلِ الْأَعْمَى وَلَكِنِ الْبَصِيرُ». فَسَمَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عُمَيْرًا الْبَصِيرَ. فَلَمَّا رَجَعَ عُمَيْرٌ وَجَدَ بَنِيهَا فِي جَمَاعَةٍ يَدْفِنُونَهَا. فَقَالُوا: يَا عُمَيْرُ أَنْتَ قَتَلْتَهَا ؟ قَالَ: «نَعَمْ، فَكِيدُونِي جَمِيعًا ثُمَّ لَا تُنْظِرُونِ، فَوَ الَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَوْ قُلْتُمْ بِأَجْمَعِكُمْ مَا قَالَتْ لَضَرَبْتُكُمْ بِسَيْفِي هَذَا حَتَّى أَمُوتَ أَوْ أَقْتُلَكُمْ». فَيَوْمَئِذٍ ظَهَرَ الْإِسْلَامُ فِي بَنِي خَطْمَةَ، وَكَانَ يَسْتَخْفِي بِإِسْلَامِهِ فِيهِمْ مَنْ أَسْلَمَ، فَكَانَ أَوَّلُ مَنْ أَسْلَمَ مِنْ بَنِي خَطْمَةَ عُمَيْرُ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ، وَهُوَ الَّذِي يُدْعَى الْقَارِئَ. عَصْمَاءَ بِنْتَ مَرْوَانَ، وَهِيَ مِنْ بَنِي أُمَيَّةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، فَلَمَّا قُتِلَ أَبُو عَفَكٍ نَافَقَتْ، فَذَكَرَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ الْفُضَيْلِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ: وَكَانَتْ تَحْتَ رَجُلٍ مِنْ بَنِي خَطْمَةَ، وَيُقَالُ لَهُ يَزِيدُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ فَقَالَتْ، تَعِيبُ الْإِسْلَامَ وَأَهْلَهُ: بِاسْتِ بَنِي مَالِكٍ وَالنَّبِيتِ وَعَوْفٍ وَبِاسْتِ بَنِي الْخَزْرَجِ أَطَعْتُمْ أَتَاوِيَّ مِنْ غَيْرِكُمْ فَلَا مِنْ مُرَادٍ وَلَا مَذْحِجِ تَرْجُونَهُ بَعْدَ قَتْلِ الرُّءُوسِ كَمَا يُرْتَجَى مَرَقُ الْمُنْضَجِ أَلَا أَنِفٌ يَبْتَغِيَ غِرَّةُ فَيَقْطَعُ مِنْ أَمَلِ الْمُرْتَجِي [ شِعْرُ حَسَّانَ فِي الرَّدِّ عَلَيْهَا ] قَالَ: فَأَجَابَهَا حَسَّانُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ، فَقَالَ: بَنُو وَائِلٍ وَبَنُو وَاقِفٍ وَخَطْمَةُ دُونَ بَنِي الْخَزْرَجِ مَتَى مَا دَعَتْ سَفَهًا وَيْحَهَا بِعَوْلَتِهَا وَالْمَنَايَا تَجِي فَهَزَّتْ فَتًى مَاجِدًا عِرْقُهُ كَرِيمُ الْمَدَاخِلِ وَالْمَخْرَجِ فَضَرَّجَهَا مِنْ نَجِيعِ الدِّمَا ء بَعْدَ الْهُدُوِّ فَلَمْ يَحْرَجْ
Translation
✧ Chapter Nine: On the dispatch of ʿUmayr b. ʿAdī al-Khaṭmī ؓ, with five nights remaining of Ramaḍān in the second year, to ʿAṣmāʾ bt. Marwān, of the Banū Umayya b. Zayd, the wife of Yazīd b. Zayd b. Ḥiṣn al-Khaṭmī. She used to disparage Islam, harm the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, incite against him, disparage Islam, and recite poetry. She used to throw sanitary napkins into the mosque of Banū Khaṭma. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ declared her blood forfeit. ʿUmayr b. ʿAdī vowed that if the Messenger of Allah ﷺ returned from Badr to Madinah, he would kill her. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ returned from Badr, ʿUmayr came at night and entered her house while a group of her children slept around her, among them one whom she was nursing at her breast. He felt for her with his hand, for he was blind, moved the child away from her, and placed his sword on her chest until it passed through her back. Ibn ʿAsākir narrated in the biography of Aḥmad b. Aḥmad al-Balkhī, from his History, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās ؓ that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Is there not a man who will relieve us of this one?" A man from her people said: "I will." He went to her, and she was a date seller. He said to her: "Do you have dates better than these?" She said: "Yes." She entered a room of hers and bent down to take something. I looked right and left and saw no one, so I struck her head until I killed her. End. Then he came to the mosque and prayed the dawn prayer with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. When he finished, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ looked at him and said: "Have you killed the daughter of Marwān?" He said: "Yes. Is there anything against me for that?" The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Two goats will not butt heads over her." This was the first word I heard from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to his companions: "If you wish to look upon a man who helped Allah, Mighty and Majestic, and His Messenger, then look upon ʿUmayr b. ʿAdī." ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb ؓ said: "Look at this blind man who walks in obedience to Allah, Exalted is He." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Do not say 'the blind one,' but rather 'the seeing one.'" Thus the Messenger of Allah ﷺ named ʿUmayr al-Baṣīr. When ʿUmayr returned, he found her children among a group burying her. They said: "O ʿUmayr, did you kill her?" He said: "Yes. So scheme against me all together, then grant me no respite. By Him in Whose hand is my soul, if you all said what she said, I would strike you with this sword of mine until I die or kill you." On that day Islam became manifest among the Banū Khaṭma, those among them who had embraced Islam having concealed it. The first of the Banū Khaṭma to embrace Islam was ʿUmayr b. ʿAdī, and he is the one called the reciter. ʿAṣmāʾ bt. Marwān, of the Banū Umayya b. Zayd: when Abū ʿAfak was killed, she showed hypocrisy. ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Ḥārith b. al-Fuḍayl mentioned from his father, he said: She was married to a man of the Banū Khaṭma called Yazīd b. Zayd. She said, disparaging Islam and its people: By the anus of Banū Mālik and al-Nabīt and ʿAwf, and by the anus of Banū al-Khazraj, you obeyed a stranger from other than you, No one from Murād nor Madḥij. Do you hope for him after the killing of the chiefs, As the broth of the well-cooked is hoped for? Is there no proud one seeking a chance To cut off the hope of the hopeful? [Ḥassān's poem in reply to her] He said: Ḥassān b. Thābit answered her, saying: Banū Wāʾil and Banū Wāqif, and Khaṭma are below Banū al-Khazraj. Whenever she calls out of folly, woe to her, with her wailing, the fates come. She stirred a noble young man whose lineage is generous in entering and exiting. So he dyed her with the gush of blood after nightfall, and he felt no distress.
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