Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1696
The messengers of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and his correspondence to the kings and the like
إِرْسَالِهِ ﷺ الْعَلَاءَ بْنَ الْحَضْرَمِيَّ ؓ إِلَى الْمُنْذِرِ بْنِ سَاوَى الْعَبْدِيِّ مَلِكِ الْبَحْرَيْنِ قَبْلَ مُنْصَرَفِهِ مِنَ الْجِعْرَانَةِ، وَقِيلَ: قَبْلَ الْفَتْحِ، يَدْعُوهُ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ، وَكَتَبَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِإِسْلَامِهِ وَتَصْدِيقِهِ، وَإِنِّي قَرَأْتُ كِتَابَكَ عَلَى أَهْلِ هَجَرَ فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ أَحَبَّ الْإِسْلَامَ وَأَعْجَبَهُ، وَدَخَلَ فِيهِ وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ كَرِهَهُ، وَبِأَرْضِي مَجُوسٌ وَيَهُودُ فَأَحْدِثْ إِلَيَّ فِي ذَلِكَ أَمْرَكَ، فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِنَّكَ مَهْمَا تُصْلِحْ فَلَنْ نَعْزِلَكَ عَنْ عَمَلِكَ وَمَنْ أَقَامَ عَلَى يَهُودِيَّةٍ أَوْ مَجُوسِيَّةٍ فَعَلَيْهِ الْجِزْيَةُ، وَكَتَبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى مَجُوسِ هَجَرَ يَعْرِضُ عَلَيْهِمُ الْإِسْلَامَ، فَإِنْ أَبَوْا أُخِذَتْ مِنْهُمُ الْجِزْيَةُ، وَبِأَنْ لَا تُنْكَحَ نِسَاؤُهُمْ وَلَا تُؤْكَلَ ذَبَائِحُهُمْ، فَأَمَّا أَهْلُ الْبِلَادِ مِنَ الْيَهُودِ وَالنَّصَارَى وَالْمَجُوسِ فَإِنَّهُمْ صَالَحُوا الْعَلَاءَ وَالْمُنْذِرَ عَلَى الْجِزْيَةِ مِنْ كُلِّ حَالِمٍ دِينَارٌ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ بِالْبَحْرَيْنِ قِتَالٌ، إِنَّمَا بَعْضُهُمْ أَسْلَمَ، وَبَعْضُهُمْ صَالَحَ. وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَعَثَ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ مَعَ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ وَأَوْصَاهُ بِهِ خَيْرًا، وَكَتَبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِلْعَلَاءِ فَرَائِضَ الْإِبِلِ وَالْبَقَرِ وَالْغَنَمِ وَالثِّمَارِ وَالْأَمْوَالِ، فَقَرَأَ الْعَلَاءُ كِتَابَهُ عَلَى النَّاسِ، وَأَخَذَ صَدَقَاتِهِمْ قَالَ ابْنُ سَعْدٍ وَكَانَ ﷺ يَكْتُبُ كَمَا تَكْتُبُ [ قُرَيْشٌ بِاسْمِكَ اللَّهُمَّ حَتَّى نَزَلَتْ عَلَيْهِ ارْكَبُوا فِيهَا بِسْمِ اللَّهِ مَجْرَاهَا وَمُرْسَاهَا ] [هُودٍ 41] فَكَتَبَ بِسْمِ اللَّهِ حَتَّى نَزَلَتْ عَلَيْهِ قُلِ ادْعُوا اللَّهَ أَوِ ادْعُوا الرَّحْمَنَ [الْإِسْرَاءِ 110]، فَكَتَبَ بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ حَتَّى نَزَلَتْ إِنَّهُ مِنْ سُلَيْمَانَ وَإِنَّهُ بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ [النَّمْلِ 30] فَكَتَبَ بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ، وَكَتَبَ عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ إِلَى الْمُنْذِرِ بْنِ سَاوَى أَمَّا بَعْدُ: فَإِنَّ رُسُلِي قَدْ حَمِدُوكَ وَإِنَّكَ مَهْمَا تُصْلِحْ، أُصْلِحْ إِلَيْكَ وَأُثَبِّتْكَ عَلَى عَمَلِكَ، وَتَنْصَحْ لِلَّهِ وَلِرَسُولِهِ وَ [السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ] وَبَعَثَ بِهَا مَعَ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ.
Translation
✧ His ﷺ sending al-ʿAlāʾ b. al-Ḥaḍramī ؓ to al-Mundhir b. Sāwā al-ʿAbdī, king of al-Baḥrayn before his departure from al-Jiʿrānah — and it is said: before the Conquest — calling him to Islam. And he wrote to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ about his Islam and his affirmation: “Indeed I read your letter to the people of Hajar, and among them were those who loved Islam and were pleased by it and entered into it, and among them were those who disliked it. And in my land are Magians and Jews, so give me your command concerning that.” So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ wrote to him: “Indeed, whatever you set right, we will not remove you from your office. Whoever remains upon Judaism or Magianism, upon him is the jizyah.” And the Messenger of Allah ﷺ wrote to the Magians of Hajar, offering them Islam: if they refuse, the jizyah is to be taken from them, and that their women are not to be married and their slaughtered animals are not to be eaten. As for the people of the towns among the Jews, Christians, and Magians, they made peace with al-ʿAlāʾ and al-Mundhir upon the jizyah: from every adult one dinar. And there was no fighting in al-Baḥrayn; rather, some of them embraced Islam and some of them made peace. And the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had sent Abū Hurayrah with al-ʿAlāʾ b. al-Ḥaḍramī and enjoined him to treat him well. And the Messenger of Allah ﷺ wrote for al-ʿAlāʾ the obligatory dues of camels, cattle, sheep, fruits, and wealth. So al-ʿAlāʾ read his letter to the people and took their alms. Ibn Saʿd said: He ﷺ used to write as [Quraysh] wrote: “Bismika Allāhumma,” until there was sent down upon him: “Embark therein; in the name of Allah is its course and its anchorage” [Hūd 41]. So he wrote “Bismi Llāh,” until there was sent down upon him: “Say: Call upon Allah or call upon al-Raḥmān” [al-Isrāʾ 110]. So he wrote “Bismi Llāhi al-Raḥmāni al-Raḥīm,” until there was sent down: “Indeed it is from Sulaymān, and indeed it is: In the name of Allah, the Compassionate, the Merciful” [al-Naml 30]. So he wrote “Bismi Llāhi al-Raḥmāni al-Raḥīm.” And he (peace and blessings be upon him) wrote to al-Mundhir b. Sāwā: “To proceed: Indeed my messengers have praised you, and whatever you set right, I will set right for you and keep you in your office. And give sincere counsel to Allah and His Messenger, and [peace be upon you].” And he sent it with al-ʿAlāʾ b. al-Ḥaḍramī.
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