Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1533
The Expedition of Tabūk
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ وَهُوَ فِي جِهَازِهِ لغزوة تبوك لِلْجَدِّ بْنِ قَيْسٍ أَحَدِ بَنِي سَلِمَةَ: " يَا جَدُّ هَلْ لَكَ الْعَامَ فِي جِلَادِ بَنِي الْأَصْفَرِ ؟ " فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَوَتَأْذَنُ لِي وَلَا تَفْتِنِّي ، فَوَاللَّهِ لَقَدْ عَرَفَ قَوْمِي أَنَّهُ مَا رَجُلٌ بِأَشَدَّ عَجَبًا بِالنِّسَاءِ مِنِّي، وَإِنِّي أَخْشَى إِنْ رَأَيْتُ نِسَاءَ بَنِي الْأَصْفَرِ أَنْ لَا أَصْبِرَ. فَأَعْرَضَ عَنْهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَقَالَ: " قَدْ أَذِنْتُ لَكَ ". فَفِي الْجَدِّ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ: وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَقُولُ ائْذَنْ لِي وَلَا تَفْتِنِّي أَلَا فِي الْفِتْنَةِ سَقَطُوا وَإِنَّ جَهَنَّمَ لَمُحِيطَةٌ بِالْكَافِرِينَ ( التَّوْبَةِ: 49 ) وَقَالَ قَوْمٌ مِنَ الْمُنَافِقِينَ بَعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْضٍ: لَا تَنْفِرُوا فِي الْحَرِّ . زَهَادَةً فِي الْجِهَادِ وَشَكًّا فِي الْحَقِّ وَإِرْجَافًا بِالرَّسُولِ ﷺ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِيهِمْ " وَقَالُوا لَا تَنْفِرُوا فِي الْحَرِّ قُلْ نَارُ جَهَنَّمَ أَشَدُّ حَرًّا لَوْ كَانُوا يَفْقَهُونَ فَلْيَضْحَكُوا قَلِيلًا وَلْيَبْكُوا كَثِيرًا جَزَاءً بِمَا كَانُوا يَكْسِبُونَ " ( التَّوْبَةِ: 81، 82 ). قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ حَدَّثَنِي الثِّقَةُ، عَمَّنْ حَدَّثَهُ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ حَارِثَةَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ قَالَ: بَلَغَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّ نَاسًا مِنَ الْمُنَافِقِينَ يَجْتَمِعُونَ فِي بَيْتِ سُوَيْلِمٍ الْيَهُودِيِّ - وَكَانَ بَيْتُهُ عِنْدَ جَاسُومَ - يُثَبِّطُونَ النَّاسَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي غَزْوَةِ تَبُوكَ فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِمْ طَلْحَةَ بْنَ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ فِي نَفَرٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ، وَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يُحَرِّقَ عَلَيْهِمْ بَيْتَ سُوَيْلِمٍ فَفَعَلَ طَلْحَةُ فَاقْتَحَمَ الضَّحَّاكُ بْنُ خَلِيفَةَ مِنْ ظَهْرِ الْبَيْتِ، فَانْكَسَرَتْ رِجْلُهُ، وَاقْتَحَمَ أَصْحَابُهُ فَأَفْلَتُوا، فَقَالَ الضَّحَّاكُ فِي ذَلِكَ: كَادَتْ وَبَيْتِ اللَّهِ نَارُ مُحَمَّدٍ يَشِيطُ بِهَا الضَّحَّاكُ وَابْنُ أُبَيْرِقِ وَظَلْتُ وَقَدْ طَبَّقْتُ كَبْسَ سُوَيْلِمٍ أَنُوءُ عَلَى رِجْلِي كَسِيرًا وَمِرْفَقِي سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ لَا أَعُودُ لِمِثْلِهَا أَخَافُ وَمَنْ تَشْمَلْ بِهِ النَّارُ يُحْرَقِ زَادَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى - فَجَاءَهُ ابْنُهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْجَدِّ - وَكَانَ بَدْرِيًّا - وَهُوَ أَخُو مُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ لِأُمِّهِ، فَقَالَ لِأَبِيهِ: لِمَ تَرُدُّ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَقَالَتَهُ فَو اللَّهِ مَا فِي بَنِي سَلَمَةَ أَحَدٌ أَكْثَرُ مَالًا مِنْكَ، فَلَا تَخْرُجْ وَلَا تَحْمِلْ ؟ ! فَقَالَ: يَا بُنَيَّ مَا لِي وَلِلْخُرُوجِ فِي الرِّيحِ وَالْحَرِّ الشَّدِيدِ وَالْعُسْرَةِ إِلَى بَنِي الْأَصْفَرِ، فَو اللَّهِ مَا آمَنُ - خَوْفًا - مِنْ بَنِي الْأَصْفَرِ وَأَنَا فِي مَنْزِلِي، أَفَأَذْهَبُ إِلَيْهِمْ أَغْزُوهُمْ ؟ ! إِنِّي وَاللَّهِ يَا بُنَيَّ عَالِمٌ بِالدَّوَائِرِ، فَأَغْلَظَ لَهُ ابْنُهُ وَقَالَ: لَا وَاللَّهِ وَلَكِنَّهُ النِّفَاقُ، وَاللَّهِ لَيَنْزِلَنَّ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِيكَ قُرْآنٌ يُقْرَأُ بِهِ، فَرَفَعَ نَعْلَهُ فَضَرَبَ بِهِ وَجْهَ وَلَدِهِ، فَانْصَرَفَ ابْنُهُ وَلَمْ يُكَلِّمْهُ، وَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَقُولُ ائْذَنْ لِي وَلا تَفْتِنِّي أَلا فِي الْفِتْنَةِ سَقَطُوا وَإِنَّ جَهَنَّمَ لَمُحِيطَةٌ بِالْكَافِرِينَ [التَّوْبَةِ 49] أَيْ إِنْ كَانَ إِنَّمَا خَشِيَ الْفِتْنَةَ مِنْ نِسَاءِ بَنِي الْأَصْفَرِ، وَلَيْسَ ذَلِكَ بِهِ، فَمَا سَقَطَ فِيهِ مِنَ الْفِتْنَةِ أَكْبَرُ بِتَخَلُّفِهِ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَالرَّغْبَةِ بِنَفْسِهِ عَنْ نَفْسِهِ، يَقُولُ: وَإِنَّ جَهَنَّمَ لَمِنْ وَرَائِهِ.
Translation
✧ The Messenger of God ﷺ said one day while he was preparing for the expedition of Tabūk to al-Jadd b. Qays, one of the Banū Salimah: “O Jadd, do you have a desire this year to fight the Banū al-Aṣfar?” He said: “O Messenger of God, will you permit me and not tempt me? By God, my people know that there is no man more admiring of women than I, and I fear that if I see the women of the Banū al-Aṣfar I will not be able to restrain myself.” The Messenger of God ﷺ turned away from him and said: “I have granted you permission.” Concerning al-Jadd, God revealed this verse: “Among them is he who says, ‘Grant me leave and do not tempt me.’ Surely into temptation they have fallen. And indeed Hell surrounds the disbelievers” (Al-Tawbah: 49). And a group of the hypocrites said to one another: “Do not go forth in the heat,” out of disdain for jihād, doubt in the truth, and to spread rumors about the Messenger ﷺ. God Almighty revealed about them: “They said, ‘Do not go forth in the heat.’ Say, ‘The fire of Hell is more severe in heat, if only they understood. So let them laugh a little and weep much as recompense for what they used to earn’” (Al-Tawbah: 81–82). Ibn Hishām said: A trustworthy narrator told me, from one who told him, from Muḥammad b. Ṭalḥah b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, from Isḥāq b. Ibrāhīm b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Ḥārithah, from his father, from his grandfather, who said: The Messenger of God ﷺ learned that some people among the hypocrites were gathering in the house of Suwaylim the Jew—whose house was near Jāsūm—discouraging people from following the Messenger of God ﷺ in the expedition of Tabūk. He sent Ṭalḥah b. ʿUbayd Allāh with a group of his companions, and ordered him to burn down the house of Suwaylim upon them. Ṭalḥah did so. Al-Ḍaḥḥāk b. Khalīfah jumped from the back of the house and broke his leg, and his companions jumped and escaped. Al-Ḍaḥḥāk said about that: The fire of Muḥammad, by the House of God, almost— Al-Ḍaḥḥāk and Ibn Ubayriq were consumed by it— And I remained, having covered myself with the cloak of Suwaylim, Rising on a broken leg and elbow— Peace be upon you; I will not return to such a thing— I fear, and whoever the fire encompasses will be burned. Muḥammad b. ʿUmar—may God Almighty have mercy on him—added: His son ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Jadd came to him—and he was a Badrī, and the maternal brother of Muʿādh b. Jabal—and said to his father: “Why do you reject what the Messenger of God ﷺ said to you? By God, there is no one in Banū Salimah with more wealth than you, so do not go forth and do not supply mounts?!” He said: “My son, what do I have to do with going out in the wind, severe heat, and hardship against the Banū al-Aṣfar? By God, I do not feel safe—out of fear—from the Banū al-Aṣfar even while I am in my home, so shall I go to them to fight them?! By God, my son, I know the turns of fortune.” His son spoke harshly to him and said: “No, by God, rather it is hypocrisy. By God, Qurʾān will be sent down about you to the Messenger of God ﷺ, and it will be recited.” He raised his sandal and struck his son’s face with it. His son left and did not speak to him. God Almighty sent down: “Among them is he who says, ‘Grant me leave and do not tempt me.’ Surely into temptation they have fallen. And indeed Hell surrounds the disbelievers” [Al-Tawbah: 49]. That is, if he feared temptation from the women of the Banū al-Aṣfar, and that was not his real concern, then the temptation into which he fell is greater by his staying behind from the Messenger of God ﷺ and preferring his own self over his self. It says: And indeed Hell surrounds from behind him.
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