Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1534
The Expedition of Tabūk
قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: ثُمَّ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ جَدَّ فِي سَفَرِهِ وَأَمَرَ النَّاسَ بِالْجِهَازِ وَالِانْكِمَاشِ، وَحَضَّ أَهْلَ الْغِنَى عَلَى النَّفَقَةِ وَالْحُمْلَانِ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ، فَحَمَلَ رِجَالٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْغِنَى وَاحْتَسَبُوا، وَأَنْفَقَ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ نَفَقَةً عَظِيمَةً لَمْ يُنْفِقْ أَحَدٌ مِثْلَهَا. قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ فَحَدَّثَنِي مَنْ أَثِقُ بِهِ أَنَّ عُثْمَانَ أَنْفَقَ فِي جَيْشِ الْعُسْرَةِ فِي غَزْوَةِ تَبُوكَ أَلْفَ دِينَارٍ ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: " اللَّهُمَّ ارْضَ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ فَإِنِّي عَنْهُ رَاضٍ ".. وَقَدْ أخرج الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: بسنده عَنْ كَثِيرٍ مَوْلَى عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ سَمُرَةَ قَالَ: جَاءَ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِأَلْفِ دِينَارٍ فِي ثَوْبِهِ حِينَ جَهَّزَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ جَيْشَ الْعُسْرَةِ. قَالَ: فَصَبَّهَا فِي حِجْرِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَجَعَلَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يُقَلِّبُهَا بِيَدِهِ، وَيَقُولُ: " مَا ضَرَّ ابْنُ عَفَّانَ مَا عَمِلَ بَعْدَ الْيَوْمِ " وَقَالَهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ فِي " مُسْنَدِ " أَبِيهِ: عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ خَبَّابٍ السُّلَمِيِّ قَالَ: خَطَبَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَحَثَّ عَلَى جَيْشِ الْعُسْرَةِ، فَقَالَ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ: عَلَيَّ مِائَةُ بَعِيرٍ بِأَحْلَاسِهَا وَأَقْتَابِهَا. قَالَ: ثُمَّ نَزَلَ مِرْقَاةً مِنَ الْمِنْبَرِ ثُمَّ حَثَّ، فَقَالَ عُثْمَانُ: عَلَيَّ مِائَةٌ أُخْرَى بِأَحْلَاسِهَا وَأَقْتَابِهَا. قَالَ: فَرَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ بِيَدِهِ هَكَذَا يُحَرِّكُهَا، وَأَخْرَجَ عَبْدُ الصَّمَدِ يَدَهُ، كَالْمُتَعَجِّبِ: " مَا عَلَى عُثْمَانَ مَا عَمِلَ بَعْدَ هَذَا " وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ التِّرْمِذِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ بَشَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي دَاوُدَ الطَّيَالِسِيِّ عَنْ سَكَنِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ مَوْلًى لِآلِ عُثْمَانَ بِهِ. وَقَالَ: غَرِيبٌ مِنْ هَذَا الْوَجْهِ. وَرَوَاهُ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ مِنْ طَرِيقِ عَمْرِو بْنِ مَرْزُوقٍ عَنْ سَكَنِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بِهِ. وَقَالَ: ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ، وَإِنَّهُ الْتَزَمَ بِثَلَاثِمِائَةِ بَعِيرٍ بِأَحْلَاسِهَا وَأَقْتَابِهَا. قَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ: فَأَنَا شَهِدْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ وَهُوَ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ: " مَا ضَرَّ عُثْمَانُ بَعْدَهَا " أَوْ قَالَ: " بَعْدَ الْيَوْمِ ". وَقَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ الطَّيَالِسِيُّ: بسنده عَنِ الْأَحْنَفِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ يَقُولُ لِسَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ وَعَلِيٍّ وَالزُّبَيْرِ وَطَلْحَةَ: أَنْشُدُكُمْ بِاللَّهِ هَلْ تَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: " مَنْ جَهَّزَ جَيْشَ الْعُسْرَةِ غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لَهُ " فَجَهَّزْتُهُمْ حَتَّى مَا يَفْقِدُونَ خِطَامًا وَلَا عِقَالًا قَالُوا: اللَّهُمَّ نَعَمْ وَرَوَاهُ النَّسَائِيُّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ حُصَيْنٍ بِهِ. وَذَكَرَ أَبُو عَمْرٍو فِي الدُّرَرِ، وَتَبِعَهُ فِي الْإِشَارَةِ: أَنَّ عُثْمَانَ حَمَلَ عَلَى تِسْعِمِائَةِ بَعِيرٍ وَمِائَةِ فَرَسٍ بِجِهَازِهَا، وَقَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى - أَنْفَقَ عُثْمَانُ فِي ذَلِكَ الْجَيْشِ نَفَقَةً عَظِيمَةً لَمْ يُنْفِقْ أَحَدٌ مِثْلَهَا. وقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرُ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ: وَحَمَلَ رِجَالٌ، وَقَوَّى نَاسٌ دُونَ هَؤُلَاءِ مَنْ هُمْ أَضْعَفُ مِنْهُمْ، حَتَّى إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَيَأْتِي بِالْبَعِيرِ إِلَى الرَّجُلِ وَالرَّجُلَيْنِ فَيَقُولُ: هَذَا الْبَعِيرُ بَيْنَنَا نَعْتَقِبُهُ، وَيَأْتِي الرَّجُلُ بِالنَّفَقَةِ فَيُعْطِيهَا بَعْضٌ مَنْ يَخْرُجُ حَتَّى إِنْ كَانَ النِّسَاءُ يَبْعَثْنَ بِمَا يَقْدِرْنَ عَلَيْهِ وفاء واثلة بن الأسقع وإكرام كعب بن عجرة وعَنْ وَاثِلَةَ بْنِ الْأَسْقَعِ، ؓ قَالَ: نَادَى مُنَادِي رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي غَزْوَةِ تَبُوكَ، فَخَرَجْتُ إِلَى أَهْلِي - وَقَدْ خَرَجَ أَوَّلُ أَصْحَابِهِ - فَطُفْتُ فِي الْمَدِينَةِ أُنَادِي: أَلَا مَنْ يَحْمِلُ رَجُلًا وَلَهُ سَهْمُهُ ؟ فَإِذَا شَيْخٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ - سَمَّاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ: كَعْبَ بْنَ عُجْرَةَ - فَقَالَ: سَهْمُهُ عَلَى أَنْ تَحْمِلَهُ عَقَبَةً وَطَعَامَهُ مَعَنَا ؟ فَقُلْتُ: نَعَمْ، فَقَالَ: سِرْ عَلَى بَرَكَةِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى، فَخَرَجْتُ مَعَ خَيْرِ صَاحِبٍ حَتَّى أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْنَا. قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ: بَعَثَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَعَ خَالِدِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ إِلَى أُكَيْدِرِ دُومَةَ. قَالَ: فَأَصَابَنِي قَلَائِصُ - قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ: سِتَّةٌ - فَسُقْتُهُنَّ حَتَّى أَتَيْتُهُ بِهِنَّ، فَخَرَجَ فَقَعَدَ عَلَى حَقِيبَةٍ مِنْ حَقَائِبِ إِبِلِهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ: سُقْهُنَّ مُقْبِلَاتٍ. فَسُقْتُهُنَّ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: سُقْهُنَّ مُدْبِرَاتٍ، فَقَالَ: مَا أَرَى قَلَائِصَكَ إِلَّا كِرَامًا، فَقُلْتُ: إِنَّمَا هِيَ غَنِيمَتُكَ الَّتِي شَرَطْتُ لَكَ، قَالَ: خُذْ قَلَائِصَكَ يَا ابْنَ أَخِي، فَغَيْرَ سَهْمِكَ أَرَدْنَا. ذِكْرُ حَثِّهِ ﷺ عَلَى النَّفَقَةِ وَالْحُمْلَانِ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى فِي حَدِيثِ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ ؓ عِنْدَ الطَّبَرَانِيِّ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ يَجْلِسُ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ فَيَدْعُو فَيَقُولُ: "اللَّهُمَّ إِنْ تَهْلِكْ هَذِهِ الْعِصَابَةُ لَنْ تُعْبَدَ فِي الْأَرْضِ. فَلَمْ يَكُنْ لِلنَّاسِ قُوَّةٌ. قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى - حَضَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى الصَّدَقَاتِ فَجَاءُوا بِصَدَقَاتٍ كَثِيرَةٍ، فَكَانَ أَوَّلَ مَنْ جَاءَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ ؓ جَاءَ بِمَالِهِ كُلِّهِ أَرْبَعَةِ آلَافِ دِرْهَمٍ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "هَلْ أَبْقَيْتَ لِأَهْلِكَ شَيْئًا ؟ " فَقَالَ: أَبْقَيْتُ لَهُمُ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ. وَجَاءَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ بِنِصْفِ مَالِهِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "هَلْ أَبْقَيْتَ لِأَهْلِكَ شَيْئًا ؟ " قَالَ: نَعَمْ مِثْلَ مَا جِئْتُ بِهِ، وَحَمَلَ الْعَبَّاسُ، وَطَلْحَةُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، وَسَعْدُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ ؓ وَحَمَلَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ ؓ مِائَتَيْ أُوقِيَّةٍ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَتَصَدَّقَ عَاصِمُ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ ؓ بِسَبْعِينَ وَسْقًا مِنْ تَمْرٍ
Translation
✧ Ibn Isḥāq said: Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ hastened in his journey and ordered the people to equip themselves and to be quick, and he urged the wealthy to spend and to provide mounts in the way of Allah. So men from among the wealthy provided mounts and counted it for Allah's sake, and ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān spent a great sum such as no one else spent. Ibn Hishām said: A person I trust narrated to me that ʿUthmān spent on the army of hardship in the expedition of Tabūk one thousand dinars, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "O Allah, be pleased with ʿUthmān, for I am pleased with him." Imām Aḥmad has recorded, with his chain, from Kathīr, the mawlā of ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Samurah, who said: ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān came to the Prophet ﷺ with a thousand dinars in his garment when the Prophet ﷺ was equipping the army of hardship. He said: He poured them into the lap of the Prophet ﷺ, and the Prophet ﷺ began turning them over with his hand, saying: "What harm can befall Ibn ʿAffān after what he has done today?" ʿAbd Allāh b. Aḥmad said in his father's Musnad, from ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Khabbāb al-Sulamī, who said: The Prophet ﷺ gave a sermon and urged support for the army of hardship. ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān said: "I take upon myself one hundred camels with their saddlecloths and saddles." He said: Then he came down a step from the pulpit and urged again. ʿUthmān said: "I take upon myself another hundred with their saddlecloths and saddles." He said: I saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ moving his hand like this—ʿAbd al-Ṣamad brought out his hand—as if in astonishment: "Nothing will harm ʿUthmān after this." Al-Tirmidhī narrated it similarly from Muḥammad b. Bashshār from Abū Dāwūd al-Ṭayālisī from Sakan b. al-Mughīrah Abū Muḥammad, a mawlā of the family of ʿUthmān, and he said: It is gharīb from this route. Al-Bayhaqī narrated it from the route of ʿAmr b. Marzūq from Sakan b. al-Mughīrah with it. And he said: Three times, and that he committed to three hundred camels with their saddlecloths and saddles. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān said: I witnessed the Messenger of Allah ﷺ saying while he was on the pulpit: "Nothing will harm ʿUthmān after that" or he said: "after today." Abū Dāwūd al-Ṭayālisī said, with his chain, from al-Aḥnaf b. Qays who said: I heard ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān saying to Saʿd b. Abī Waqqāṣ, ʿAlī, al-Zubayr, and Ṭalḥah: I adjure you by Allah, do you know that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Whoever equips the army of hardship, Allah will forgive him," and I equipped them until they lacked not even a halter or a hobble? They said: O Allah, yes. Al-Nasāʾī narrated it from the ḥadīth of Ḥuṣayn with it. Abū ʿAmr mentioned in al-Durar, and it was followed in al-Ishārah, that ʿUthmān provided mounts on nine hundred camels and one hundred horses with their equipment. Ibn Isḥāq—may Allah have mercy on him—said: ʿUthmān spent on that army a great sum such as no one else spent. Muḥammad b. ʿUmar—may Allah have mercy on him—said: Men provided mounts, and people who were weaker than these also strengthened others, to the extent that a man would bring a camel to a man or two men and say: "This camel is between us; we will take turns riding it." A man would bring money and give it to some of those going out, and even women would send whatever they could, fulfilling Wāthilah b. al-Asqaʿ and honoring Kaʿb b. ʿUjrah. From Wāthilah b. al-Asqaʿ ؓ, who said: The caller of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ announced in the expedition of Tabūk, and I went out to my family—and the first of his companions had already departed—and I went around Madinah calling: "Is there anyone who will carry a man and receive his share?" Then an old man from the Anṣār—Muḥammad b. ʿUmar named him as Kaʿb b. ʿUjrah—said: "His share is yours on condition that you carry him for a turn and his food is with us." I said: "Yes." He said: "Go with Allah's blessing." So I went out with the best companion until Allah granted us spoils. Muḥammad b. ʿUmar said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent him with Khālid b. al-Walīd to Ukaydir of Dūmah. He said: I was allotted she-camels—Muḥammad b. ʿUmar said: six—and I drove them until I brought them to him. He came out and sat on a saddlebag of his camel's saddlebags, then said: "Drive them forward." I drove them forward. Then he said: "Drive them backward." He said: "I see your she-camels are noble indeed." I said: "They are only your spoils that I stipulated for you." He said: "Take your she-camels, O son of my brother; we intended other than your share." Mention of his ﷺ urging to spend and provide mounts in the way of Allah, Blessed and Exalted. In the ḥadīth of ʿImrān b. Ḥuṣayn ؓ in al-Ṭabarānī, the Prophet ﷺ used to sit every day on the pulpit and supplicate, saying: "O Allah, if this band perishes, You will not be worshiped on earth." The people had no strength. Muḥammad b. ʿUmar—may Allah have mercy on him—said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ urged charity, and they brought abundant charities. The first to come was Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq ؓ, who brought all his wealth, four thousand dirhams. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Have you left anything for your family?" He said: "I left for them Allah and His Messenger." ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb ؓ came with half of his wealth. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Have you left anything for your family?" He said: "Yes, the like of what I brought." Al-ʿAbbās, Ṭalḥah b. ʿUbayd Allāh, and Saʿd b. ʿUbādah ؓ provided mounts, and ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAwf ؓ brought two hundred ūqiyyahs to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and ʿĀṣim b. ʿAdī ؓ gave as charity seventy wasqs of dates.
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