Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1488
The Expedition of Ḥunayn (Hawāzin)
ذِكْرُ خُرُوجِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِلِقَاءِ هَوَازِنَ رَوَى الْبُخَارِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ؓ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ قَالَ حِينَ أَرَادَ حُنَيْنًا «مَنْزِلُنَا غَدًا - إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى بِخَيْفِ بَنِي كِنَانَةَ حَيْثُ تَقَاسَمُوا عَلَى الْكُفْرِ. وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ قَالَ: مَنْزِلُنَا إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى إِذَا فَتَحَ اللَّهُ الْخَيْفَ حَيْثُ تَقَاسَمُوا عَلَى الْكُفْرِ”. فائدة قال ابن القيم رحمه الله تعالى: الْإِمَامَ إِذَا سَمِعَ بِقَصْدِ عَدُوِّهِ لَهُ وَفِي جَيْشِهِ قُوَّةٌ وَمَنَعَةٌ، لَا يَقْعُدُ يَنْتَظِرُهُمْ، بَلْ يَسِيرُ إِلَيْهِمْ، كَمَا سَارَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى هَوَازِنَ، حَتَّى لَقِيَهُمْ بِحُنَيْنٍ. عدد من خرج مع رسول الله ﷺ إلى حنين قَالَ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنْ أَئِمَّةِ الْمَغَازِي: خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ فِي اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ أَلْفًا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، عَشَرَةِ آلَافٍ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ وَأَلْفَيْنِ مِنْ أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ. وَرَوَى أَبُو الشَّيْخِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ اللَّيْثِيِّ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى - قَالَ: كَانَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَرْبَعَةُ آلَافٍ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ، وَأَلْفٌ مِنْ جُهَيْنَةَ وَأَلْفٌ مِنْ مُزَيْنَةَ. وَأَلْفٌ مِنْ أَسْلَمَ. وَأَلْفٌ مِنْ غِفَارٍ، وَأَلْفٌ مِنْ أَشْجَعَ، وَأَلْفٌ مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَغَيْرِهِمْ، فَكَانَ مَعَهُ عَشَرَةُ آلَافٍ، وَخَرَجَ بِاثْنَيْ عَشَرَ أَلْفًا، وَعَلَى قَوْلِ عُرْوَةَ وَالزُّهْرِيِّ وَابْنِ عُقْبَةَ يَكُونُ جَمِيعُ الْجَيْشِ الَّذِينَ سَارَ بِهِمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَرْبَعَةَ عَشَرَ أَلْفًا، لِأَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا: إِنَّهُ قَدِمَ مَكَّةَ بِاثْنَيْ عَشَرَ أَلْفًا، وَأُضِيفَ إِلَيْهِمْ أَلْفَانِ مِنَ الطُّلَقَاءِ. وَرُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ ابْنُ عُقْبَةَ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ - رَحِمَهُمُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى - ثُمَّ بَعْدَ فَتْحِ مَكَّةَ خَرَجَ رَسُولُ ﷺ لِحَنِينٍ وَكَانَ أَهْلُ حُنَيْنٍ وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أَهْلُ مَكَّةَ يَظُنُّونَ حِينَ دَنَا مِنْهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّهُ مُبَادِرٌ بِهَوَازِنَ، وَصَنَعَ اللَّهُ لِرَسُولُهِ أَحْسَنَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، فَتَحَ لَهُ مَكَّةَ وَأَقَرَّ بِهَا عَيْنَهُ وَكَبَتَ بِهَا عَدُوَّهُ، فَلِمَا خَرَجَ إِلَى حُنَيْنٍ خَرَجَ مَعَهُ أَهْلُ مَكَّةَ لَمْ يُغَادِرْ مِنْهُمْ أَحَدٌ - رُكْبَانًا وَمُشَاةً حَتَّى خَرَجَ مَعَهُ النِّسَاءُ يَمْشِينَ عَلَى غَيْرِ دِينٍ نُظَّارًا يَنْظُرُونَ وَيَرْجُونَ الْغَنَائِمَ، وَلَا يَكْرَهُونَ أَنْ تَكُونَ الصَّدْمَةُ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ. وَكَانَ مَعَهُ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ بْنُ حَرْبٍ، وَصَفْوَانُ بْنُ أُمَيَّةَ، وَكَانَتِ امْرَأَتُهُ مُسْلِمَةً وَهُوَ مُشْرِكٌ لَمْ يُفَرَّقْ بَيْنَهُمَا، وَجَعَلَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ بْنُ حَرْبٍ كُلَّمَا سَقَطَ تُرْسٌ أَوْ سَيْفٌ أَوْ مَتَاعٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَادَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ: أَنْ أَعْطِنِيهِ أَحْمِلَهُ حَتَّى أَوْقَرَ بَعِيرَهُ. قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ: وَخَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَزَوْجَتَاهُ أُمُّ سَلَمَةَ وَمَيْمُونَةُ فَضُرِبَتْ لَهُمَا قُبَّةٌ.
Translation
✧ Mention of the departure of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to meet Hawāzin Al-Bukhārī narrated from Abū Hurayrah ؓ that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said when he intended Ḥunayn: “Our stopping place tomorrow, if Allah Almighty wills, is the khayf of Banū Kinānah where they swore together upon unbelief.” In another narration he said: “Our stopping place, if Allah Almighty wills, when Allah grants the opening, is the khayf where they swore together upon unbelief.” A benefit: Ibn al-Qayyim, may Allah Almighty have mercy upon him, said: When the ruler hears that his enemy intends to attack him, and his army has strength and protection, he should not sit waiting for them; rather he should march toward them, just as the Messenger of Allah ﷺ marched toward Hawāzin until he met them at Ḥunayn. The number of those who went out with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to Ḥunayn: A group of the authorities on military expeditions said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ went out with twelve thousand Muslims: ten thousand from Madinah and two thousand from the people of Makkah. Abū al-Shaykh narrated from Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUbayd b. ʿUmayr al-Laythī, may Allah Almighty have mercy upon him, who said: With the Messenger of Allah ﷺ there were four thousand from the Anṣār, one thousand from Juhaynah, one thousand from Muzaynah, one thousand from Aslam, one thousand from Ghifār, one thousand from Ashjaʿ, and one thousand from the Muhājirūn and others. Thus with him were ten thousand, and he went out with twelve thousand. According to the statement of ʿUrwah, al-Zuhrī, and Ibn ʿUqbah, the total of the army with which the Messenger of Allah ﷺ marched was fourteen thousand, because they said that he arrived in Makkah with twelve thousand, and two thousand from the freed captives were added to them. It was narrated from Ibn Masʿūd: Ibn ʿUqbah and Muḥammad b. ʿUmar, may Allah Almighty have mercy upon them both, said: Then after the conquest of Makkah, the Messenger ﷺ went out to Ḥunayn. The people of Ḥunayn—and in another narration the people of Makkah—thought, when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ drew near to them, that he was hastening against Hawāzin. But Allah brought about for His Messenger something better than that: He opened Makkah for him, gladdened his eye thereby, and crushed his enemy thereby. So when he went out to Ḥunayn, the people of Makkah went out with him; not one of them stayed behind—riders and foot soldiers—even the women went out with him, walking without any religious commitment, as spectators watching and hoping for spoils, not disliking that the clash should be against the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. With him were Abū Sufyān b. Ḥarb and Ṣafwān b. Umayyah. His wife was a Muslim woman while he was a polytheist, and they were not separated. Abū Sufyān b. Ḥarb, whenever a shield, sword, or piece of equipment fell from the companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, would call out to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ: “Give it to me so I may carry it,” until he loaded down his camel. Muḥammad b. ʿUmar said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ went out with his two wives, Umm Salamah and Maymūnah, and a tent was pitched for them.
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