Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1485
The Detachment of Khālid b. al-Walīd to Demolish al-ʿUzzā
سَرِيَّةِ خَالِدِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ ؓ إِلَى الْعُزَّى قَالَ ابْنُ سَعْدٍ: ثُمَّ سَرِيَّةُ خَالِدِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ إِلَى الْعُزَّى لِخَمْسِ لَيَالٍ بَقِينَ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ سَنَةَ ثَمَانٍ، وَكَانَتْ بَيْتًا بِنَخْلَةٍ. قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ وَابْنُ سَعْدٍ: وَكَانَ سَدَنَتُهَا وَحُجَّابُهَا بَنِي شَيْبَانَ مِنْ بَنِي سُلَيْمٍ حُلَفَاءِ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ، وَكَانَتْ أَعْظَمَ أَصْنَامِ قُرَيْشٍ وَجَمِيعِ كِنَانَةَ. وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ عَمْرَو بْنَ لُحَيٍّ كَانَ قَدْ أَخْبَرَهُمْ أَنَّ الرَّبَّ يُشَتِّي بِالطَّائِفِ عِنْدَ اللَّاتِ وَيُصَيِّفُ عِنْدَ الْعُزَّى، فَعَظَّمُوهَا وَبَنَوْا لَهَا بَيْتًا وَكَانُوا يُهْدُونَ إِلَيْهَا كَمَا يُهْدُونَ لِلْكَعْبَةِ. وَرَوَى الْبَيْهَقِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي الطُّفَيْلِ ؓ: وَكَانَتْ بَيْتًا عَلَى ثَلَاثِ سَمُرَاتٍ، انْتَهَى. قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ، وَابْنُ سَعْدٍ: وَبَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ فَتْحِ مَكَّةَ خَالِدَ بْنَ الْوَلِيدِ إِلَى الْعُزَّى لِيَهْدِمَهَا. فَخَرَجَ فِي ثَلَاثِينَ فَارِسًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ. قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: فَلَمَّا سَمِعَ سَادِنُهَا السُّلَمِيُّ بِسَيْرِ خَالِدٍ إِلَيْهَا عَلَّقَ عَلَيْهَا سَيْفَهُ وَأَسْنَدَ فِي الْجَبَلِ الَّذِي هِيَ فِيهِ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: يَا عُزَّ شُدِّي شَدَّةً لَا شَوَى لَهَا عَلَى خَالِدٍ أَلْقِي الْقِنَاعَ وَشَمِّرِي يَا عُزَّ إِنْ لَمْ تَقْتُلِي الْمَرْءَ خَالِدًا فَبُوئِي بِإِثْمٍ عَاجِلٍ أَوْ تُنْصَرِي قَالَ أَبُو الطُّفَيْلِ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ، وَابْنُ سَعْدٍ: فَأَتَاهَا خَالِدٌ فَقَطَعَ السَّمُرَاتِ وَهَدَمَهَا ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَخْبَرَهُ، فَقَالَ: «هَلْ رَأَيْتَ شَيْئًا ؟ » قَالَ: لَا. قَالَ: «فَإِنَّكَ لَمْ تَهْدِمْهَا، فَارْجِعْ إِلَيْهَا فَاهْدِمْهَا». فَرَجَعَ خَالِدٌ وَهُوَ مُتَغَيِّظٌ. فَلَمَّا رَأَتِ السَّدَنَةُ خَالِدًا انْبَعَثُوا فِي الْجَبَلِ وَهُمْ يَقُولُونَ: يَا عُزَّى خَبِّلِيهِ، يَا عُزَّى عَوِّرِيهِ وَلَا تَمُوتِي بِرَغْمٍ، فَخَرَجَتْ إِلَيْهِ [امْرَأَةٌ عَجُوزٌ] سَوْدَاءُ عُرْيَانَةٌ ثَائِرَةُ الرَّأْسِ، زَادَ أَبُو الطُّفَيْلِ: تَحْثُو التُّرَابَ عَلَى رَأْسِهَا وَوَجْهِهَا. فَضَرْبَهَا خَالِدٌ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: يَا عُزَّ كُفْرَانَكِ لَا سُبْحَانَكِ إِنِّي رَأَيْتُ اللَّهَ قَدْ أَهَانَكِ فَجَزَّلَهَا اثْنَتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَخْبَرَهُ فَقَالَ: «نَعَمْ، تِلْكَ الْعُزَّى قَدْ يَئِسَتْ أَنْ تُعْبَدَ بِبِلَادِكُمْ أَبَدًا». وَقَدِ اخْتَلَفَ الْعُلَمَاءُ فِي الْعُزَّى عَلَى قَوْلَيْنِ، أَحَدُهُمَا: أَنَّهَا شَجَرَةٌ كَانَتْ لِغَطَفَانَ يَعْبُدُونَهَا. قَالَهُ مُجَاهِدٌ. وَالثَّانِي: صَنَمٌ. قَالَهُ الضَّحَّاكُ تَنْبِيهَ ذَكَرَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ وَمَنْ تَابَعَهُ هَذِهِ السَّرِيَّةَ بَعْدَ سَرِيَّةِ خَالِدٍ إِلَى بَنِي جَذِيمَةَ، وَذَكَرَهَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ، وَابْنُ سَعْدٍ، وَالْبَلَاذُرِيُّ، وَجَرَى عَلَيْهِ فِي الْمَوْرِدِ وَالْعُيُونِ، وَجَزَمَ بِهِ فِي الْإِشَارَةِ قَبْلَهَا. وَارْتَضَاهُ فِي الزَّهْرِ وَقَالَ: إِنَّ فِي الْأَوَّلِ نَظَرٌ مِنْ حَيْثُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ قَدْ وُجِدَ عَلَى خَالِدٍ فِي أَمْرٍ بَنِي جَذِيمَةَ وَلَا يَتَّجِهُ إِرْسَالُهُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فِي بَعْثٍ. وَالَّذِي ذَكَرَهُ غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ، مِنْهُمُ الْوَاقِدِيُّ وَتِلْمِيذُهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ أَنَّ سَرِيَّةَ خَالِدٍ إِلَى الْعُزَّى كَانَتْ لِخَمْسِ لَيَالٍ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ، وَسَرِيَّةُ خَالِدٍ إِلَى بَنِي جَذِيمَةَ كَانَتْ فِي شَوَّالٍ سَنَةَ ثَمَانٍ، قُلْتُ: إِنْ صَحَّ مَا ذَكَرَهُ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ مِنْ كَوْنِ سَرِيَّةِ خَالِدٍ لِهَدْمِ الْعُزَّى بَعْدَ سَرِيَّةِ بَنِي جَذِيمَةَ فَوَجْهُهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ رَضِيَ عَلَيْهِ وَعَذَرَهُ فِي اجْتِهَادِهِ.
Translation
✧ The Detachment of Khālid b. al-Walīd ؓ to al-ʿUzzā Ibn Saʿd said: Then the detachment of Khālid b. al-Walīd to al-ʿUzzā took place when five nights remained of the month of Ramaḍān in the year eight. It was a house (sanctuary) at Nakhla. Ibn Isḥāq and Ibn Saʿd said: Its custodians and doorkeepers were the Banū Shaybān of the Banū Sulaym, allies of the Banū Hāshim. It was the greatest of the idols of Quraysh and all of Kināna. That is because ʿAmr b. Luḥayy had informed them that the Lord spent the winter at al-Ṭāʾif near al-Lāt and spent the summer near al-ʿUzzā, so they venerated it, built a house for it, and used to offer gifts to it as they offered gifts to the Kaʿba. Al-Bayhaqī narrated from Abū al-Ṭufayl ؓ: It was a house upon three samura trees. End. Muḥammad b. ʿUmar and Ibn Saʿd said: On the day of the conquest of Makkah, the Messenger of God ﷺ sent Khālid b. al-Walīd to al-ʿUzzā to demolish it. He set out with thirty horsemen of his companions. Ibn Isḥāq said: When its Sulamī custodian heard of Khālid's march to it, he hung his sword upon it and climbed the mountain in which it was, saying: O ʿUzzā, make a violent assault, leaving no remnant, upon Khālid; throw off the veil and bestir yourself O ʿUzzā, if you do not kill the man Khālid, then be burdened with an imminent sin or be made victorious. Abū al-Ṭufayl, Muḥammad b. ʿUmar, and Ibn Saʿd said: Khālid came to it, cut down the samura trees, demolished it, then returned to the Messenger of God ﷺ and informed him. He said: "Did you see anything?" He said: No. He said: "Then you have not demolished it. Return to it and demolish it." Khālid returned, full of anger. When the custodians saw Khālid, they set off into the mountain, saying: O ʿUzzā, drive him mad; O ʿUzzā, blind him; and do not die in spite. Then there came out to him an old black woman, naked, with disheveled hair. Abū al-Ṭufayl added: throwing dust upon her head and face. Khālid struck her while saying: O ʿUzzā, disbelief in you, not glorification of you; indeed I have seen that God has humiliated you. He cut her in two, then returned to the Messenger of God ﷺ and informed him. He said: "Yes, that was al-ʿUzzā. She has despaired of ever being worshiped in your lands." The scholars have differed about al-ʿUzzā according to two opinions. One of them is that it was a tree belonging to Ghaṭafān which they worshiped. Mujāhid said this. The second is that it was an idol. Al-Ḍaḥḥāk said this. Note: Ibn Isḥāq and those who followed him mentioned this detachment after the detachment of Khālid to Banū Jadhīma. Muḥammad b. ʿUmar, Ibn Saʿd, and al-Balādhurī mentioned it, and this was followed in al-Mawrid and al-ʿUyūn, and it was affirmed in al-Ishāra before it. He approved it in al-Zahr and said: In the first there is a problem, in that the Messenger of God ﷺ had been displeased with Khālid over the matter of Banū Jadhīma, and it does not make sense to send him after that on an expedition. What more than one, among them al-Wāqidī and his student Muḥammad b. Saʿd, mentioned is that the detachment of Khālid to al-ʿUzzā was when five nights remained of the month of Ramaḍān, and the detachment of Khālid to Banū Jadhīma was in Shawwāl of the year eight. I say: If what Ibn Isḥāq mentioned, that Khālid's detachment to demolish al-ʿUzzā was after the detachment of Banū Jadhīma, is correct, then its explanation is that the Messenger of God ﷺ was pleased with him and excused him in his exercise of judgment.
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