Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1480
The Detachment of Khālid b. al-Walīd ᴿᴬ after the Conquest to Banū Jadhīmah of Kinānah
[ مَعْذِرَةُ خَالِدٍ فِي قِتَالِ الْقَوْمِ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَقَدْ قَالَ بَعْضُ مَنْ يَعْذِرُ خَالِدًا إنَّهُ قَالَ: مَا قَاتَلْتُ حَتَّى أَمَرَنِي بِذَلِكَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ حُذَافَةَ السَّهْمِيُّ، وَقَالَ: إنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَدْ أَمَرَكَ أَنْ تُقَاتِلَهُمْ لِامْتِنَاعِهِمْ مِنْ الْإِسْلَامِ. قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: قَالَ أَبُو عَمْرٍو الْمَدَنِيُّ: لَمَّا أَتَاهُمْ خَالِدٌ، قَالُوا: صَبَأْنَا صَبَأْنَا وَقَدْ قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، ثَنَا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَالِدَ بْنَ الْوَلِيدِ إِلَى بَنِي - أَحْسَبُهُ قَالَ - جَذِيمَةَ. فَدَعَاهُمْ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ، فَلَمْ يُحْسِنُوا أَنْ يَقُولُوا: أَسْلَمْنَا. فَجَعَلُوا يَقُولُونَ: صَبَأْنَا صَبَأْنَا. وَجَعَلَ خَالِدٌ بِهِمْ أَسْرًا وَقَتْلًا. قَالَ: وَدَفَعَ إِلَى كُلِّ رَجُلٍ مِنَّا أَسِيرًا، حَتَّى إِذَا أَصْبَحَ يَوْمًا أَمَرَ خَالِدٌ أَنْ يَقْتُلَ كُلُّ رَجُلٍ مِنَّا أَسِيرَهُ. قَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ: فَقُلْتُ: وَاللَّهِ لَا أَقْتُلُ أَسِيرِي، وَلَا يَقْتُلُ أَحَدٌ ?ِنْ أَصْحَابِي أَسِيرَهُ. قَالَ: فَقَدِمُوا عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَذَكَرُوا لَهُ صَنِيعَ خَالِدٍ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَرَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ: " اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَبْرَأُ إِلَيْكَ مِمَّا صَنَعَ خَالِدٌ " مَرَّتَيْنِ [ مَا كَانَ بَيْنَ خَالِدٍ وَبَيْنَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ وَزَجْرُ الرَّسُولِ لِخَالِدِ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَقَدْ كَانَ جَحْدَمٌ قَالَ لَهُمْ حِينَ وَضَعُوا السِّلَاحَ وَرَأَى مَا يَصْنَعُ خَالِدٌ بِبَنِي جَذِيمَةَ: يَا بَنِي جَذِيمَةَ، ضَاعَ الضَّرْبُ، قَدْ كُنْتُ حَذَّرْتُكُمْ مَا وَقَعْتُمْ فِيهِ قَدْ كَانَ بَيْنَ خَالِدٍ وَبَيْنَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ، فِيمَا بَلَغَنِي، كَلَامٌ فِي ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ لَهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ: عَمِلْتُ بِأَمْرِ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ. فَقَالَ: إنَّمَا ثَأَرْتُ بِأَبِيكَ. فَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ: كَذَبْتُ، قَدْ قَتَلْتُ قَاتِلَ أَبِي، وَلَكِنَّكَ ثَأَرْتَ بِعَمِّكَ الْفَاكِهِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ، حَتَّى كَانَ بَيْنَهُمَا شَرٌّ. فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: مَهْلًا يَا خَالِدُ، دَعْ عَنْكَ أَصْحَابِي، فَوَاَللَّهِ لَوْ كَانَ لَكَ أُحُدٌ ذَهَبًا ثُمَّ أَنْفَقْتُهُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ مَا أَدْرَكَتْ غَدْوَةَ رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِي وَلَا رَوْحَتَهُ ورَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ، وَأَبُو النَّيْسَابُورِيِّ فِي الشَّرَفِ، وَالْحَاكِمُ فِي الْإِكْلِيلِ، وَابْنُ عَسَاكِرَ عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ الْأَكْوَعِ ؓ قَالَ: قَدِمَ خَالِدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بَعْدَ مَا صَنَعَ بِبَنِي جَذِيمَةَ مَا صَنَعَ وَقَدْ عَابَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ عَلَى خَالِدٍ مَا صَنَعَ. قَالَ: يَا خَالِدُ، أَخَذْتَ بِأَمْرِ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ، قَتَلْتَهُمْ بِعَمِّكَ الْفَاكِهِ. وَأَعَانَهُ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ عَلَى خَالِدٍ، فَقَالَ خَالِدٌ: أَخَذَتْهُمْ بِقَتْلِ أَبِيكَ، وَفِي لَفْظٍ: فَقَالَ: إِنَّمَا ثَأَرْتُ بِأَبِيكَ. فَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ: كَذَبْتَ وَاللَّهِ لَقَدْ قَتَلْتُ قَاتِلَ أَبِي، وَأَشْهَدْتُ عَلَى قَتْلِهِ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ. ثُمَّ الْتَفَتُّ إِلَى عُثْمَانَ فَقَالَ: أُنْشُدِكَ اللَّهَ هَلْ عَلِمْتَ أَنِّي قَتَلْتُ قَاتِلَ أَبِي ؟ فَقَالَ عُثْمَانُ: اللَّهُمَّ نَعَمْ. ثُمَّ قَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ: وَيَحَكَ يَا خَالِدُ وَلَوْ لَمْ أَقْتُلْ قَاتِلَ أَبِي أَكُنْتَ تَقْتُلُ قَوْمًا مُسْلِمِينَ بِأَبِي فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ ؟ قَالَ خَالِدٌ: وَمَنْ أَخْبَرَكَ أَنَّهُمْ أَسْلَمُوا ؟ فَقَالَ: أَهْلُ السَّرِيَّةِ كُلُّهُمْ يُخْبِرُونَا أَنَّكَ قَدْ وَجَدْتَهُمْ بَنَوُا الْمَسَاجِدَ وَأَقَرُّوا بِالْإِسْلَامِ، ثُمَّ حَمَلْتَهُمْ عَلَى السَّيْفِ. قَالَ: جَاءَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ أُغِيرَ عَلَيْهِمْ.
Translation
✧ [Khalid's excuse for fighting the people] Ibn Ishaq said: Some of those who excuse Khalid said that he said: I did not fight until 'Abd Allah b. Hudhafah al-Sahmi ordered me to do so, and he said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ has commanded you to fight them because of their refusal to embrace Islam. Ibn Hisham said: Abu 'Amr al-Madani said: When Khalid came to them, they said: "We have become Sabians, we have become Sabians." Imam Ahmad said: 'Abd al-Razzaq narrated to us, Ma'mar narrated to us, from al-Zuhri, from Salim b. 'Abd Allah b. 'Umar, from Ibn 'Umar who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent Khalid b. al-Walid to Banu—I think he said—Jadhima. He called them to Islam, but they were not able to say "we have submitted (aslamna)" properly. So they kept saying: "We have become Sabians, we have become Sabians." And Khalid took them as captives and killed them. He said: He handed over to each man among us a captive, until one day when morning came, Khalid ordered each man among us to kill his captive. Ibn 'Umar said: I said: By God, I will not kill my captive, nor will any of my companions kill his captive. He said: They came to the Prophet ﷺ and mentioned to him what Khalid had done. The Prophet ﷺ said, raising his hands: "O God, I declare myself innocent before You of what Khalid has done," twice. [What occurred between Khalid and 'Abd al-Rahman and the Messenger's rebuke of Khalid] Ibn Ishaq said: Jahdam had said to them when they laid down their weapons and saw what Khalid was doing to Banu Jadhima: O Banu Jadhima, the striking is lost. I had warned you of what you have fallen into. There occurred between Khalid and 'Abd al-Rahman b. 'Awf, as it reached me, some words about that. 'Abd al-Rahman b. 'Awf said to him: You have acted according to the affair of the Jahiliyyah in Islam. He said: I only sought revenge for your father. 'Abd al-Rahman said: You have lied. I killed my father's killer, but you sought revenge for your uncle al-Fakih b. al-Mughirah, until there was evil between them. That reached the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and he said: Gently, O Khalid, leave my companions alone. For by God, if you had gold equal to Mount Uhud and then spent it in the path of God, you would not attain the morning or evening journey of a single man among my companions. Muhammad b. 'Umar, Abu al-Naysaburi in al-Sharaf, al-Hakim in al-Iklil, and Ibn 'Asakir narrated from Salamah b. al-Akwa' ؓ who said: Khalid b. al-Walid came to the Prophet ﷺ after what he had done to Banu Jadhima, and 'Abd al-Rahman b. 'Awf had criticized Khalid for what he had done. He said: O Khalid, you have adopted the affair of the Jahiliyyah in Islam; you killed them because of your uncle al-Fakih. And 'Umar b. al-Khattab supported him against Khalid. Khalid said: I took them because of the killing of your father. In another wording: He said: I only sought revenge for your father. 'Abd al-Rahman said: You have lied, by God. I killed my father's killer, and I called 'Uthman b. 'Affan as a witness to his killing. Then he turned to 'Uthman and said: I adjure you by God, do you know that I killed my father's killer? 'Uthman said: O God, yes. Then 'Abd al-Rahman said: Woe to you, O Khalid, even if I had not killed my father's killer, would you have killed a Muslim people because of my father in the Jahiliyyah? Khalid said: Who informed you that they had embraced Islam? He said: All the people of the expedition inform us that you found them building mosques and professing Islam, and then you put them to the sword. He said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ ordered me to raid them.
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