Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1444
The Conquest of Makkah
طَلَبِهِ ﷺ الْمِفْتَاحَ مِنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ طَلْحَةَ ؓ فَلَمَّا أَكمل النبي ﷺ الطواف دَعَا عُثْمَانَ بْنَ طَلْحَةَ، فَأَخَذَ مِنْهُ مِفْتَاحَ الْكَعْبَةِ، رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، وَابْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ؓ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ اللَّيْثِيِّ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى - وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ عَنْ شُيُوخِهِ يَزِيدُ بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ، قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ: كَانَ عُثْمَانُ قَدْ قَدِمَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالْمَدِينَةِ مُسْلِمًا مَعَ خَالِدِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ، وَعَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ قَبْلَ الْفَتْحِ، فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ طَوَافِهِ أَرْسَلَ بِلَالًا إِلَى عُثْمَانَ بْنِ طَلْحَةَ يَأْتِيهِ بِمِفْتَاحِ الْكَعْبَةِ، فَجَاءَ بِلَالٌ إِلَى عُثْمَانَ، فَقَالَ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَأْمُرُكَ أَنْ تَأْتِيَ بِالْمِفْتَاحِ، فَقَالَ: نَعَمْ هُوَ عِنْدَ أُمِّي سُلَافَةَ، فَرَجَعَ بِلَالٌ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ نَعَمْ، وَأَنَّ الْمِفْتَاحَ عِنْدَ أُمِّهِ، فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ رَسُولًا فَجَاءَ، فَقَالَتْ: لَا، وَاللَّاتِ وَالْعُزَّى، لَا أَدْفَعُهُ إِلَيْكَ أَبَدًا، فَقَالَ عُثْمَانُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَرْسِلْنِي أُخَلِّصُهُ لَكَ مِنْهَا، فَأَرْسَلَهُ، فَقَالَ: يَا أُمَّهُ ادْفَعِي إِلَيَّ الْمِفْتَاحَ، فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَدْ أَرْسَلَ إِلَيَّ، وَأَمَرَنِي أَنْ آتِيَهُ بِهِ، فَقَالَتْ أُمُّهُ: لَا. وَاللَّاتِ وَالْعُزَّى لَا أَدْفَعُهُ إِلَيْكَ أَبَدًا فَقَالَ: لَا لَاتَ وَلَا عُزَّى إِنَّهُ قَدْ جَاءَ أَمْرٌ غَيْرُ مَا كُنَّا عَلَيْهِ، وَإِنَّكِ إِنْ لَمْ تَفْعَلِي قُتِلْتُ أَنَا وَأَخِي فَأَنْتِ قَتَلْتِنَا، فَوَ اللَّهِ لَتَدْفَعِنَّهُ أَوْ لَيَأْتِيَنَّ غَيْرِي فَيَأْخُذُهُ مِنْكِ، فَأَدْخَلَتْهُ فِي حُجْزَتِهَا، وَقَالَتْ: أَيُّ رَجُلٍ يُدْخِلُ يَدَهُ هَهُنَا ؟. قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ فِيمَا رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، وَالطَّبَرَانِيُّ: فَأَبْطَأَ عُثْمَانُ وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَائِمٌ يَنْتَظِرُهُ حَتَّى إِنَّهُ لَيَنْحَدِرُ مِنْهُ مِثْلُ الْجُمَّانِ مِنَ الْعَرَقِ، وَيَقُولُ: «مَا يَحْبِسُهُ فَيَسْعَى إِلَيْهِ رَجُلٌ انْتَهَى. فَبَيْنَمَا هُمَا عَلَى ذَلِكَ وَهُوَ يُكَلِّمُهَا إِذْ سَمِعَتْ صَوْتَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ ؓ فِي الدَّارِ، وَعُمَرُ رَافِعٌ صَوْتَهُ حِينَ أَبْطَأَ عُثْمَانُ يَا عُثْمَانُ اخْرُجْ، فَقَالَتْ أُمُّهُ: يَا بُنَيَّ خُذِ الْمِفْتَاحَ، فَإِنْ تَأْخُذْهُ أَنْتَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَنْ يَأْخُذَهُ تَيْمٌ وَعَدِيٌّ، فَأَخَذَهُ عُثْمَانُ، فَخَرَجَ يَمْشِي بِهِ حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ قَرِيبًا مِنْ وَجْهِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَثَرَ عُثْمَانُ فَسَقَطَ مِنْهُ الْمِفْتَاحُ، فَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَيَّ الْمِفْتَاحَ فَحَنَى عَلَيْهِ بِثَوْبِهِ. وَرَوَى الْفَاكِهِيُّ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: إِنَّ بَنِي أَبِي طَلْحَةَ كَانُوا يَقُولُونَ: لَا يَفْتَحُ الْكَعْبَةَ إِلَّا هُمْ، فَتَنَاوَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمِفْتَاحَ، فَفَتَحَ الْكَعْبَةَ بِيَدِهِ. وَرَوَى ابْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ بِسَنَدٍ جَيِّدٍ عَنْ أَبِي السَّفَرِ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى - قَالَ: لَمَّا دَخَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَكَّةَ دَعَا شَيْبَةَ بْنَ عُثْمَانَ بِالْمِفْتَاحِ - مِفْتَاحِ الْكَعْبَةِ - فَتَلَكَّأَ، فَقَالَ لِعُمَرَ: قُمْ فَاذْهَبْ مَعَهُ فَإِنْ جَاءَ بِهِ وَإِلَّا فَأَجْلِدْ رَأْسَهُ” فَجَاءَ بِهِ فَأَجَالَهُ فِي حِجْرِهِ.
Translation
✧ His ﷺ requesting the key from ʿUthmān b. Ṭalḥah ؓ When the Prophet ﷺ completed the circumambulation, he summoned ʿUthmān b. Ṭalḥah and took from him the key of the Kaʿbah. Muḥammad b. ʿUmar narrated from ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar, and Ibn Abī Shaybah from Abū Hurayrah ؓ, and Muḥammad b. ʿUmar from ʿAlqamah b. Abī Waqqāṣ al-Laythī (may God Almighty have mercy on him), and Muḥammad b. ʿUmar from his shaykhs, some of them adding to others. ʿAbd Allāh said: ʿUthmān had come to the Messenger of God ﷺ in Madinah as a Muslim, along with Khālid b. al-Walīd and ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ, before the conquest. When the Messenger of God ﷺ finished his circumambulation, he sent Bilāl to ʿUthmān b. Ṭalḥah to bring him the key of the Kaʿbah. Bilāl came to ʿUthmān and said: "The Messenger of God ﷺ commands you to bring the key." He said: "Yes, it is with my mother Sulāfah." So Bilāl returned to the Messenger of God ﷺ and informed him that he had said yes, and that the key was with his mother. The Messenger of God ﷺ sent a messenger to her, and he came. She said: "No, by al-Lāt and al-ʿUzzā, I will never hand it over to you." ʿUthmān said: "O Messenger of God, send me so that I may retrieve it from her for you." So he sent him. He said: "O mother, give me the key, for the Messenger of God ﷺ has sent for me and commanded me to bring it to him." His mother said: "No, by al-Lāt and al-ʿUzzā, I will never hand it over to you." He said: "There is no Lāt and no ʿUzzā. A matter has come other than what we were upon. If you do not do it, I and my brother will be killed, and you will have killed us. By God, either you will hand it over, or someone other than me will come and take it from you." She put it into her waist-wrapper and said: "What man would insert his hand here?" Al-Zuhrī said, in what was narrated by ʿAbd al-Razzāq and al-Ṭabarānī: ʿUthmān was slow, while the Messenger of God ﷺ stood waiting for him, until sweat like pearls dripped from him, and he said: "What is keeping him? A man should hasten to him." He finished. While they were in that state, and he was speaking with her, she heard the voice of Abū Bakr and ʿUmar ؓ in the house, ʿUmar raising his voice when ʿUthmān was slow: "O ʿUthmān, come out!" His mother said: "O my son, take the key. For you to take it is dearer to me than that Taym and ʿAdī should take it." So ʿUthmān took it and went out walking with it until, when he was near the face of the Messenger of God ﷺ, ʿUthmān stumbled and the key fell from him. The Messenger of God ﷺ stood up, took the key, and bent over it with his garment. Al-Fākihī narrated from Ibn ʿUmar: The Banū Abī Ṭalḥah used to say that none should open the Kaʿbah except them. The Messenger of God ﷺ took hold of the key and opened the Kaʿbah with his own hand. Ibn Abī Shaybah narrated with a good chain from Abū al-Safar (may God Almighty have mercy on him), who said: When the Messenger of God ﷺ entered Makkah, he called Shaybah b. ʿUthmān for the key—the key of the Kaʿbah—and he hesitated. He said to ʿUmar: "Stand up and go with him. If he brings it, fine; otherwise, strike his head with a whip." So he brought it, and he turned it about in his lap.
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