Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1436
The Conquest of Makkah
مَنْزِلِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ الْفَتْحِ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى - قَالَ: كَانَ أَبُو رَافِعٍ قَدْ رَبَّ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قُبَّةً بِالْحَجُونِ مَنْ أُدُمٍ، فَأَقْبَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَتَّى انْتَهَى إِلَى الْقُبَّةِ، وَمَعَهُ أُمُّ سَلَمَةَ، وَمَيْمُونَةُ زَوْجَتَاهُ. وَرَوَى الْبُخَارِيُّ وَغَيْرُهُ عَنْ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ ؓ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ: أَنَّى تَنْزِلُ غَدًا ؟ تَنْزِلُ فِي دَارِكَ ؟ قَالَ: «وَهَلْ تَرَكَ لَنَا عَقِيلٌ مِنْ رَبَاعٍ أَوْ دَارٍ ؟ ثُمَّ قَالَ: " لَا يَرِثُ الْمُؤْمِنُ الْكَافِرَ وَلَا الْكَافِرُ الْمُؤْمِنَ وَكَانَ عَقِيلٌ وَرِثَ أَبَا طَالِبٍ هُوَ وَأَخُوهُ طَالِبٌ، وَلَمْ يَرِثْهُ جَعْفَرٌ وَلَا عَلِيٌّ ؓ لِأَنَّهُمَا كَانَا مُسْلِمَيْنِ، وَكَانَ عَقِيلٌ وَطَالِبٌ كَافِرَيْنِ، أَسْلَمَ عَقِيلٌ بَعْدُ. وَرَوَى الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَالْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ؓ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنْزِلُنَا إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى إِذَا فَتَحَ اللَّهُ بِخَيْفِ بَنِي كِنَانَةَ حَيْثُ تَقَاسَمُوا عَلَى الْكُفْرِ” يَعْنِي بِذَلِكَ الْمُحَصَّبَ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ قُرَيْشًا وَكِنَانَةَ تَحَالَفَتْ عَلَى بَنِي هَاشِمٍ، وَبَنِي الْمُطَّلِبِ أَنْ لَا يُنَاكِحُوهُمْ وَلَا يُبَايِعُوهُمْ حَتَّى يُسَلِّمُوا إِلَيْهِمْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ. وَرَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ عَنْ أَبِي رَافِعٍ ؓ قَالَ: قِيلَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَلَا تَنْزِلُ مَنْزِلَكَ مِنَ الشِّعْبِ ؟ فَقَالَ: «وَهَلْ تَرَكَ لَنَا عَقِيلٌ مَنْزِلًا ؟ ” وَكَانَ عَقِيلٌ قَدْ بَاعَ مَنْزِلَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَمَنْزِلَ إِخْوَتِهِ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ وَالنِّسَاءِ بِمَكَّةَ، فَقِيلَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَانْزِلْ فِي بَعْضِ بُيُوتِ مَكَّةَ غَيْرَ مَنَازِلِكَ، فَأَبَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَقَالَ: «لَا أَدْخُلُ الْبُيُوتَ” وَلَمْ يَزَلْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مُضْطَرِبًا بِالْحَجُونِ لَمْ يَدْخُلْ بَيْتًا، وَكَانَ يَأْتِي الْمَسْجِدَ لِكُلِّ صَلَاةٍ مِنَ الْحَجُونِ. الْحِكْمَةُ فِي نُزُولِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِخِيفٍ بَنِي كِنَانَةَ الَّذِي تَقَاسَمُوا فِيهِ عَلَى الشِّرْكِ، أَيْ تَحَالَفُوا عَلَيْهِ مِنْ إِخْرَاجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَبَنِي هَاشِمٍ إِلَى شِعْبِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، وَحَصَرُوا بَنِي هَاشِمٍ وَبَنِي الْمُطَّلِبِ فِيهِ، كَمَا تَقَدَّمَ ذَلِكَ فِي أَبْوَابِ الْبَعْثَةِ، لِيَتَذَكَّرَ مَا كَانَ فِيهِ مِنَ الشِّدَّةِ فَيَشْكُرَ اللَّهَ - تَعَالَى - عَلَيَّ مَا أَنْعَمَ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْفَتْحِ الْعَظِيمِ، وَتَمَكُّنِهِ مِنْ دُخُولِ مَكَّةَ ظَاهِرًا عَلَى رَغْمِ مَنْ سَعَى فِي إِخْرَاجِهِ مِنْهَا، وَمُبَالَغَةً فِي الصَّفْحِ عَنِ الَّذِينَ أَسَاءُوا، وَمُقَابَلَتِهِمْ بِالْمَنِّ وَالْإِحْسَانِ، وَذَلِكَ فَضْلُ اللَّهِ يُؤْتِيهِ مَنْ يَشَاءُ.
Translation
✧ THE PLACE WHERE THE MESSENGER OF ALLAH ﷺ ENCAMPED ON THE DAY OF THE CONQUEST Muḥammad b. ʿUmar narrated from Abū Jaʿfar—may Allah have mercy on him—who said: Abū Rāfiʿ had pitched for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ a tent of tanned leather at al-Ḥajūn. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ came until he reached the tent, and with him were Umm Salamah and Maymūnah, his two wives. Al-Bukhārī and others narrated from Usāmah b. Zayd ؓ that he said: O Messenger of Allah, where will you encamp tomorrow? Will you encamp in your house? He said: “Has ʿAqīl left us any dwellings or house?” Then he said: “The believer does not inherit from the disbeliever, nor does the disbeliever inherit from the believer.” ʿAqīl had inherited Abu Ṭālib, he and his brother Ṭālib, while Jaʿfar and ʿAlī ؓ did not inherit from him because they were Muslims, and ʿAqīl and Ṭālib were disbelievers. ʿAqīl later became Muslim. Al-Bukhārī and Imām Aḥmad narrated from Abū Hurayrah ؓ that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “Our encampment, if Allah Almighty wills, when Allah grants victory, will be at the Khayf of Banū Kinānah, where they swore mutual oaths upon disbelief.” He meant by that al-Muḥaṣṣab. That is because Quraysh and Kinānah allied against Banū Hāshim and Banū al-Muṭṭalib that they would not intermarry with them nor trade with them until they handed over the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to them. Muḥammad b. ʿUmar narrated from Abū Rāfiʿ ؓ who said: It was said to the Prophet ﷺ, “Will you not encamp in your dwelling in the mountain pass?” He said: “Has ʿAqīl left us any dwelling?” ʿAqīl had sold the dwelling of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and the dwellings of his brothers, both men and women, in Makkah. It was said to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, “Then encamp in some of the houses of Makkah other than your dwellings.” The Messenger of Allah ﷺ refused and said: “I will not enter the houses.” The Messenger of Allah ﷺ remained at al-Ḥajūn, not entering any house, and he used to come to the mosque for every prayer from al-Ḥajūn. The wisdom in the Prophet ﷺ encamping at the Khayf of Banū Kinānah, where they swore mutual oaths upon polytheism—that is, where they allied to expel the Prophet ﷺ and Banū Hāshim to the mountain pass of Abū Ṭālib, and they besieged Banū Hāshim and Banū al-Muṭṭalib therein, as was mentioned earlier in the chapters on the beginning of revelation—was so that he might recall the hardship he had endured there and thus thank Allah Almighty for the blessing He had bestowed upon him of the great conquest, and for his ability to enter Makkah victoriously despite those who had sought to expel him from it, and to go to the utmost in pardoning those who had wronged him and in meeting them with graciousness and kindness. That is the bounty of Allah which He gives to whom He wills.
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