Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1428
The Conquest of Makkah
[ نُزُولُهُمْ مَرَّ الظَّهْرَانِ وَتَجُسُّسُ قُرَيْشٍ أَخْبَارَ الرَّسُولِ ] قَالُوا: وَنَزَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ وَالْمُسْلِمُونَ مَرَّ الظَّهْرَانِ عِشَاءً، وَأَمَرَ أَصْحَابَهُ أَنْ يُوقِدُوا عَشَرَةَ آلَافِ نَارٍ، وَجَعَلَ عَلَى الْحَرَسِ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ قَالَ عُرْوَةُ كَمَا عِنْدَ ابْنِ عَائِذٍ، وَبِهِ جَزَمَ ابْنُ عُقْبَةَ وَابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ وَغَيْرُهُمْ، وَعَمِيَتِ الْأَخْبَارُ عَنْ قُرَيْشٍ، فَلَمْ يَبْلُغْهُمْ حَرْفٌ وَاحِدٌ عَنْ مَسِيرِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَلَا يَدْرُونَ مَا هُوَ فَاعِلٌ، وَهُمْ مُغْتَمُّونَ لِمَا يَخَافُونَ مِنْ غَزْوه إِيَّاهُمْ، فَبَعَثُوا أَبَا سُفْيَانَ بْنَ حَرْبٍ. وَرَوَى إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ رَاهَوَيْهِ، وَالْحَاكِمُ، وَالْبَيْهَقِيُّ بِسَنَدٍ صَحِيحٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ؓ قَالَ: مَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَامَ الْفَتْحِ حَتَّى نَزَلَ مَرَّ الظَّهْرَانِ فِي عَشَرَةِ آلَافٍ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَقَدْ عَمِيَتِ الْأَخْبَارُ عَنْ قُرَيْشٍ فَلَا يَأْتِيهِمْ خَبَرٌ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَلَا يَدْرُونَ مَا هُوَ صَانِعٌ. وَفِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ قَالَ: لَمَّا سَارَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَامَ الْفَتْحِ بَلَغَ ذَلِكَ قُرَيْشًا، فَخَرَجَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ بْنُ حَرْبٍ يَتَحَسَّسُ الْأَخْبَارَ. وَقَالَتْ قُرَيْشٌ: لِأَبِي سُفْيَانَ: إِنْ لَقِيتَ مُحَمَّدًا فَخَذِّلْنَا مِنْهُ أَمَانًا، فَخَرَجَ هُوَ وَحَكِيمُ بْنُ حِزَامٍ، فَلَقِيَا بُدَيْلَ بْنَ وَرْقَاءَ، فَاسْتَتْبَعَاهُ، فَخَرَجَ مَعَهُمَا يَتَحَسَّسُونَ الْأَخْبَارَ، وَيَنْظُرُونَ هَلْ يَجِدُونَ خَبَرًا، أَوْ يَسْمَعُونَ بِهِ، فَلَمَّا بَلَغُوا الْأَرَاكَ مِنْ مَرِّ الظَّهْرَانِ، وَذَلِكَ عَشِيًّا رَأَوُا الْعَسْكَرَ وَالْقِبَابَ وَالنِّيرَانَ كَأَنَّهَا نِيرَانُ عَرَفَةَ، وَسَمِعُوا صَهِيلَ الْخَيْلِ، وَرُغَاءَ الْإِبِلِ، فَأَفْزَعَهُمْ ذَلِكَ فَزَعًا شَدِيدًا. وقَالَ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ: عَنِ الْحَاكِمِ، عَنِ الْأَصَمِّ، عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنْ سِنَانَ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْوَلِيدِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ مِينَا قَالَ: لَمَّا فَرَغَ أَهْلُ مُؤْتَةَ وَرَجَعُوا، أَمَرَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالْمَسِيرِ إِلَى مَكَّةَ، فَلَمَّا انْتَهَى إِلَى مَرِّ الظَّهْرَانِ نَزَلَ بِالْعُقْبَةِ، فَأَرْسَلَ الْجُنَاةَ يَجْتَنُونَ الْكَبَاثَ، فَقُلْتُ لِسَعِيدٍ: وَمَا هُوَ ؟ قَالَ: ثَمَرُ الْأَرَاكِ. قَالَ: فَانْطَلَقَ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ فِيمَنْ يَجْتَنِي. قَالَ: فَجَعَلَ أَحَدُهُمْ إِذَا أَصَابَ حَبَّةً طَيِّبَةً قَذَفَهَا فِي فِيهِ، وَكَانُوا يَنْظُرُونَ إِلَى دِقَّةِ سَاقَيِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ وَهُوَ يَرْقَى فِي الشَّجَرَةِ فَيَضْحَكُونَ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: " تَعْجَبُونَ مِنْ دِقَّةِ سَاقَيْهِ ؟ فَوَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَهُمَا أَثْقَلُ فِي الْمِيزَانِ مِنْ أُحُدٍ وَكَانَ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ مَا اجْتَنَى مِنْ شَيْءٍ، جَاءَ بِهِ وَخِيَارُهُ فِيهِ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ فِي ذَلِكَ: هَذَا جَنَايَ وَخِيَارَهُ فِيهْ إِذْ كُلُّ جَانٍ يَدُهُ إِلَى فِيهْ وَفِي " الصَّحِيحَيْنِ " عَنْ أَنَسٍ قَالَ: أَنَفَجْنَا أَرْنَبًا وَنَحْنُ بِمَرِّ الظَّهْرَانِ، فَسَعَى الْقَوْمُ فَلَغِبُوا، فَأَدْرَكْتُهَا فَأَخَذْتُهَا، فَأَتَيْتُ بِهَا أَبَا طَلْحَةَ فَذَبَحَهَا، وَبَعَثَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِوَرِكِهَا أَوْ فَخِذَيْهَا فَقَبِلَهُ.
Translation
✧ They said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ and the Muslims encamped at Marr al-Ẓahrān at nightfall, and he commanded his companions to light ten thousand fires, and he placed ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb ؓ in charge of the guard. ʿUrwah said, as reported by Ibn ʿĀʾidh, and Ibn ʿUqbah, Ibn Isḥāq, Muḥammad b. ʿUmar and others stated this definitively. The news was obscured from Quraysh, so not a single letter reached them about the march of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and they did not know what he intended to do. They were anxious about what they feared from his raiding them, so they sent Abū Sufyān b. Ḥarb. Isḥāq b. Rāhawayh, al-Ḥākim, and al-Bayhaqī narrated with a sound chain from Ibn ʿAbbās ؓ who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ proceeded in the year of the conquest until he encamped at Marr al-Ẓahrān in ten thousand of the Muslims. The news was obscured from Quraysh, so no report about the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came to them, and they did not know what he was doing. In the Ṣaḥīḥ from ʿUrwah who said: When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ marched in the year of the conquest, that reached Quraysh, so Abū Sufyān b. Ḥarb went out to seek news. Quraysh said to Abū Sufyān: "If you meet Muḥammad, secure for us a guarantee of safety from him." So he went out with Ḥakīm b. Ḥizām, and they met Budayl b. Warqāʾ, and they asked him to accompany them, so he went out with them seeking news and looking for any report or hearing of it. When they reached al-Arāk of Marr al-Ẓahrān at evening, they saw the army, the tents, and the fires as if they were the fires of ʿArafah, and they heard the neighing of horses and the grumbling of camels, and that terrified them greatly. Al-Bayhaqī said: From al-Ḥākim, from al-Aṣamm, from Aḥmad b. ʿAbd al-Jabbār, from Yūnus b. Bukayr, from Sinān b. Ismāʿīl, from Abū al-Walīd Saʿīd b. Mīnā who said: When the people of Muʾtah finished and returned, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ commanded them to march to Makkah. When he reached Marr al-Ẓahrān, he encamped at al-ʿUqbah, and he sent the gatherers to pick kabāth. I said to Saʿīd: "What is that?" He said: "The fruit of the arāk tree." He said: Ibn Masʿūd went off among those picking. He said: One of them, when he found a good berry, would toss it into his mouth. They were looking at the thinness of Ibn Masʿūd's legs as he climbed the tree and laughing. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Are you amazed at the thinness of his legs? By the One in whose hand is my soul, they are heavier in the scale than Uḥud." Ibn Masʿūd, whatever he picked, he brought it with its best part to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and he said about that: This is my picking and its best part in it; for every picker's hand goes to his own mouth. And in the two Ṣaḥīḥs from Anas who said: We flushed out a hare while we were at Marr al-Ẓahrān. The people ran and became exhausted, but I caught it and took it. I brought it to Abū Ṭalḥah, and he slaughtered it, and sent its haunch or its two thighs to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and he accepted it.
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