Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1427
The Conquest of Makkah
فِطْرِهِ ﷺ وَأَمْرِهِ بِهِ رَوَى مُسْلِمٌ، وَالتِّرْمِذِيُّ عَنْ جَابِرٍ، وَالشَّيْخَانِ، وَأَبُو دَاوُدَ، وَالنَّسَائِيُّ، وَالطَّحَاويُّ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ؓ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَرَجَ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ فِي غَزْوَةِ الْفَتْحِ فِي رَمَضَانَ يَصُومُ وَيَصُومُونَ، حَتَّى بَلَغَ الْكَدِيدَ بَيْنَ عُسْفَانَ وَقُدَيْدٍ، وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ بَيْنَ عُسْفَانَ وَأَمْجَ، وَفِي حَدِيثِ جَابِرٍ: كُرَاعُ الْغَمِيمِ، بَلَغَهُ أَنَّ النَّاسَ شَقَّ عَلَيْهِمُ الصِّيَامُ، وَقِيلَ لَهُ: إِنَّمَا يَنْظُرُونَ فِيمَا فَعَلْتَ، فَلَمَّا اسْتَوَى عَلَى رَاحِلَتِهِ بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ دَعَا بِإِنَاءٍ مِنْ لَبَنٍ، أَوْ مَاءٍ، وَجَزَمَ جَابِرٌ بِأَنَّهُ مَاءٌ. وَكَذَا ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ، وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: فَوَضَعَهُ عَلَى رَاحِلَتِهِ لِيَرَاهُ النَّاسُ، فَشَرِبَ فَأَفْطَرَ، فَنَاوَلَهُ رَجُلًا إِلَى جَنْبِهِ فَشَرِبَ فَقِيلَ لَهُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ: إِنَّ بَعْضَ النَّاسِ صَامَ، فَقَالَ: «أُولَئِكَ الْعُصَاةُ، أُولَئِكَ الْعُصَاةُ” فَلَمْ يَزَلْ مُفْطِرًا حَتَّى انْسَلَخَ الشَّهْرُ. وَرَوَى مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ ؓ قَالَ سَافَرْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَنَحْنُ صِيَامٌ، فَنَزَلْنَا مَنْزِلًا، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنَّكُمْ قَدْ دَنَوْتُمْ مِنْ عَدُوِّكُمْ، وَالْفِطْرُ أَقْوَى لَكُمْ” وَكَانَتْ رُخْصَةً ، فَمِنَّا مَنْ صَامَ، وَمِنَّا مَنْ أَفْطَرَ، ثُمَّ نَزَلْنَا مَنْزِلًا آخَرَ، فَقَالَ: «إِنَّكُمْ مُصَبِّحُو عَدُوِّكُمْ، وَالْفِطْرُ أَقْوَى لَكُمْ، فَأَفْطِرُوا” فَكَانَتْ عَزِيمَةً، فَأَفْطَرْنَا. وَرَدَ أَنَّهُ ﷺ أَفْطَرَ بِالْكَدِيدِ، وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ بِغَيْرِهِ كَمَا سَبَقَ فِي الْقِصَّةِ، وَالْكُلُّ فِي سَفْرَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ، فَيَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونَ فِطْرُهُ ﷺ فِي أَحَدِ هَذِهِ الْمَوَاضِعِ حَقِيقَةً إِمَّا كَدِيدٌ، وَإِمَّا كُرَاعُ الْغَمِيمِ، وَإِمَّا عُسْفَانُ، وَإِمَّا قُدَيْدٌ، وَأُضِيفَ إِلَى الْآخَرِ تَجَوُّزًا لِقُرْبِهِ مِنْهُ، وَيَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونَ قَدْ وَقَعَ مِنْهُ ﷺ الْفِعْلُ فِي الْمَوَاضِعِ الْأَرْبَعَةِ، وَالْفِطَرُ فِي مَوْضِعٍ مِنْهَا، لَكِنْ لَمْ يَرَهُ جَمِيعُ النَّاسِ فِيهِ، لِكَثْرَتِهِمْ، وَكَرَّرَهُ لِيَتَسَاوَى النَّاسُ فِي رُؤْيَةِ الْفِعْلِ، فَأَخْبَرَ كُلٌّ عَنْ رُؤْيَةِ عَيْنٍ وَأَخْبَرَ كُلٌّ عَنْ مَحَلِّ رُؤْيَتِهِ.
Translation
✧ His ﷺ breaking the fast and his command regarding it Muslim and al-Tirmidhī narrated from Jābir, and the two Shaykhs, Abū Dāwūd, al-Nasāʾī, and al-Ṭaḥāwī from Ibn ʿAbbās ؓ that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ set out from Madinah in the campaign of the conquest during Ramaḍān, fasting while they fasted, until he reached al-Kadīd between ʿUsfān and Qudayd—and in one narration, between ʿUsfān and Amaj—and in the ḥadīth of Jābir: Kurāʿ al-Ghamīm. It reached him that fasting had become difficult for the people, and it was said to him: "They are only waiting to see what you do." When he mounted his riding camel after the afternoon prayer, he called for a vessel of milk or water, and Jābir was certain it was water, as was Ibn ʿAbbās, and in one narration: he placed it on his riding camel so that the people could see it, then drank and broke his fast, then handed it to a man beside him who drank. After that, it was said to him: "Some of the people are still fasting." He said: "Those are the disobedient ones, those are the disobedient ones." He remained not fasting until the month ended. Muslim narrated from Abū Saʿīd al-Khudrī ؓ who said: We traveled with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ while we were fasting. We stopped at a place, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "You have drawn near to your enemy, and breaking the fast is stronger for you." It was a concession, so some of us fasted and some of us broke the fast. Then we stopped at another place, and he said: "You will meet your enemy in the morning, and breaking the fast is stronger for you, so break your fast." It became a firm command, so we broke our fast. It has been reported that he ﷺ broke his fast at al-Kadīd, and in one narration at another place as mentioned earlier in the story, all during a single journey. It is possible that his ﷺ breaking the fast in one of these places was actual—either Kadīd, or Kurāʿ al-Ghamīm, or ʿUsfān, or Qudayd—and it was attributed to another place metaphorically because of its proximity to it. It is also possible that the action occurred from him ﷺ in all four places, and the breaking of the fast in one of them, but not all the people saw it there due to their large number, so he repeated it so that the people would be equal in seeing the action, and each reported what he saw with his own eyes and each reported the place where he saw it.
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